ECOSTATS _ 2023 _ Problem Set 1

What type of sampling is used in each case:

a) You want to select a simple random sample of 1000 employees of a social media marketing
company. You assign a number to every employee in the company database from 1 to 1000, and
use a random number generator to select 100 numbers.
b) A researcher decides to investigate a rare disease. He needs a sample that is made up of
individuals with a rare disease. When finding an individual with these characteristics, the
researcher asks for help to find other people with these conditions to make up the sample.
c) All employees of the company are listed in alphabetical order. From the first 10 numbers, you
randomly select a starting point: number 6. From number 6 onwards, every 10th person on the
list is selected (6, 16, 26, 36, and so on), and you end up with a sample of 100 people.
d) The company has 800 female employees and 200 male employees. You want to ensure that the
sample reflects the gender balance of the company, so you sort the population into two strata
based on gender. Then you use random sampling on each group, selecting 80 women and 20 men,
which gives you a representative sample of 100 people.
e) The company has offices in 10 cities across the country (all with roughly the same number of
employees in similar roles). You don’t have the capacity to travel to every office to collect your
data, so you use random sampling to select 3 offices – these are your clusters.
f) You are researching opinions about student support services in your university, so after each of
your classes, you ask your fellow students to complete a survey on the topic. This is a convenient
way to gather data, but as you only surveyed students taking the same classes as you at the same
level, the sample is not representative of all the students at your university.
g) You send out the survey to all students at your university and a lot of students decide to complete
it. This can certainly give you some insight into the topic, but the people who responded are more
likely to be those who have strong opinions about the student support services, so you can’t be
sure that their opinions are representative of all students.
h) You want to know more about the opinions and experiences of disabled students at your
university, so you select a number of students with different support needs in order to gather a
varied range of data on their experiences with student services.
i) You are researching experiences of homelessness in your city. Since there is no list of all homeless
people in the city, probability sampling isn’t possible. You meet one person who agrees to
participate in the research, and she puts you in contact with other homeless people that she
knows in the area.

When the sample size is small, which sampling method gives every individual in the target population
an equal chance of being selected?

If you want to collect data from a trade association with 10,000 members, and you select every 100th
person on a membership roster to create a survey group of 100. What type of samplying did you do?

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What is can be a disadvantage of convinience sampling ?

What is the difference between Cluster Sampling and Stratified Sampling?

Select the correct letter:

1. A sample consists of : (a) All units of the population (b) 5% units of the population (c) 10% units
of the population (d) Any fraction of the population

2. Sampling is used in the situations (a) Blood test of the patients (b) Cooking rice in an utensil (c)
Purchase of food commodity from shopkeeper (d) All the above

3. If the respondents do not provide the required information to the researcher,then it is known as
(a) non-sampling error(b) the problem of non-response (c) both (a) &(b) (d) none

4. Sampling frame is a list of:(a) A list of units of a population (b) A list of random numbers (c) A list
of natural numbers (d) None

5. If sample sizes increase, then sampling error will (a) increase (b) decrease (c) both (a) &(b) (d)
none

6. The discrepancies between the estimate and the population parameter is known as: (a)
Sampling error (b) Non-sampling error (c) Formula error (d) None

7. The error in a survey other than sampling error is known as: (a) Sampling error (b) Non-sampling
error (c) Formula error (d) None

8. A function of sample observations is known as:(a) Statistic(b) Estimator (c) Both (a)&(b) (d) None

9. The errors falling under faulty planning of survey, it is called (a) non-sampling errors (b) non-
response errors (c) Sampling errors (d) Absolute error

10. Systematic sampling is used when (a) when data are on cards (b) when the items are in row (c)
when the items are given in a sequential order (d) all the above

11. Simple random sample can be drawn with the help of (a)random number tables(b)Chit method
(c) roulette wheel (d) all the above

12. If sample sizes increase, then non-sampling error will (a) increase (b) decrease (c) both (a) &(b)
(d) none

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 13. A population is divided into clusters and it has been found that all the units within a cluster are
same. In this situation which sampling will be adopted (a) SRSWOR (b) Stratified random
sampling (c) Cluster sampling (d) Systematic sampling

14. As a normal practice sampling fraction is considered to be negligible if it is (a)more than 5%(b)
less than≤ 5% (c) More than 10% (d) none

15. Which of the following statement is true (a) population mean increases with increase in sample
size (b) population mean decreases with increase in sample size(c) population mean decreases
with decrease in sample size(d) population mean is a constant value.

1. Estimation is possible only in case of which type of sampling ?

Explain the important points for planning and organization of a sample survey.

Write three –four lines in each of the following points:

(i) Objectives
(ii) Data to be gathered
(iii) Population under investigation
(iv) Sampling frame
(v) Methods of collecting data
(vi) Organization and supervision of field work
(vii) Tabulation of data
(viii) Analysis of data
(ix) Precision
(x) Writing reports and conclusions