Structure Type

Bridges

RC Slab

A concrete deck without beams is referred to as a flat slab bridge.

Concrete T-Beam Bridge Reinforced Concrete Beam

RC Deck
Girder

Reinforced Concrete Girder Reinforced Concrete Girder

When the deck is supported by beams, both the bridge deck and traffic loads are
essentially carried by the beams or by both the beams and the deck if they are
monolithically connected. Girder bridges have girders as the load carrying elements.
Girders are normally bigger than beams and can support longer span lengths.

PSC-Box
Girder
 Steel Box
Girder/ RC
Deck

PSC-
Girder/ RC
Deck

PSC- Girder

Steel Girder
and RC
Deck

Steel Girder
and Steel
Deck

Arch Bridge
(Masonry)

Stone Bricks

An arch bridge has a curved structure.

Arch Bridge
(Steel or
Concrete)

Steel Concrete

An arch bridge has a curved structure.

Steel Truss
(Through)

When the traffic passes over the bridge at the same level as the truss the bridge is called
a through truss which is normally braced on top.

Steel Truss
(Half
Through)

For some bridges the traffic passes over at a level higher than the truss level, thus
forming what is called a half-through truss bridge. Half-through truss bridges are not
braced on top. Under this type there are also Bailey and Mabey bridges that are used as
temporary structures during emergencies.

Steel Truss
(Deck)

Some bridges have the truss below the roadway. These types are called deck type truss
bridges.
 Mabey
Bridge

Bailey
Bridge

Frame
Bridge (RC-
Rigid)

The characteristic for Frame Bridges is that the carrying elements are monolithically
connected to each other without the possibility of internal movements. The
superstructure and substructure are designed as a single unit.

Cable
Stayed
Bridge

Suspension
Bridge
 Timber
Bridge

Wooden Timber

Culverts

Cast-in-Situ
Concrete/
Box

Precast Unit
Concrete/
Box

Corrugated
Metal Arch
(Armco)

Concrete
Arch
 Masonry
Arch

Concrete
Pipe
Culverts

Corrugated
Metal Pipe

Drum Pipe
Culvert

Culvert with
Masonry
Support and
Slab
Culvert with
Masonry
Support and
RC
Beam/Slab

Sometimes during site inspections, it can be challenging to accurately determine the type
or specifications of a culvert, especially if it's buried underground or obscured by
Undefined
vegetation or debris. In such cases, engineers and inspectors may refer to the culvert as
Pipe Culvert
an "undefined pipe culvert" until further investigation or documentation can be
conducted.

Timber

Drifts

Non-Vented
Drift (Solid)

Stone Drift

Road drifts can be used in sandy dry river beds to build up water storage in the sand
deposited upstream of the drift, similar to the working of a sand dam. The design of the
road drift should culvert-less, the centre of the drift should be lowered and there should
adequate spill over capacity.
Vented Drift

This is a vented drift. As you can see there This is a multi pipe culvert. Here you can
are no wall on the sides of the structure and see the walls that wont let water pass over
thus water can pass over the structure. the structure.
A vented drift consists of a slab and culverts. Water passes through the culverts only
during low water levels and over the slab during high water levels.

Functional Condition

Scouring Silting

1. Advanced
scouring/
severe
silting
enough to
cause
structural
damage

2.
Significant
scouring/
silting of
over 25% of
entry/exit
 3.
Noticeable
scouring/
silting
between
10% and
25% of
entry/exit

4. Minor
scouring/
silting

5. No issues

Structural Condition

Concrete Structures Steel Structures Timber Structures

Critical deterioration. Heavy corrosion resulting in Advanced deterioration.

Measurable section loss considerable section loss Decay, insect infestation,
of main reinforcement and some holes through the splits, cracks or crushing has
and/or loss of core section. Majority of welds produced loss of strength
concrete section. Internal cracked and/or grids that affects the serviceability
1. Failed- failures have caused broken. Impact damage has of the structure. The
New excessive movement. occurred and\or severe structure is unsafe and
structure/ Temporary supports may permanent deformations therefore should be out of
Element have been installed to may be evident. Temporary services until replacement is
required allow continued supports may have been in place.
utilization of the installed following to allow
structure. Strengthening continued utilization of the
and/or replacement of structure. Strengthening
the element is imperative. and/or replacement of the
element are imperative.

2. Critical- Delamination and/or Heavy corrosion with areas Decay, insect infestation,
Major repair spalls in the cover of section loss. Loose at splitting, cracking or
required/ concrete may be present numerous locations. crushing has produced loss
Immediate and reinforcing steel may Numerous cracked welds of strength of the element but
action be exposed. Corrosion of and/or broken grids. Impact not of a sufficient magnitude
 steel reinforcement may damage has occurred and\ to affect the serviceability of
be present with minor or permanent deformations the structure. Preservative is
loss of section. Working may be evident. ineffective or nonexistent and
flexural cracks, map timber is exposed to the
cracked areas or leaching weather or in contact with
cracks, and other the earth.
miscellaneous cracks
with medium rust
staining. Minor impact
damage may have
occurred which might
impact structural
strength and
serviceability, if no
immediate action. Unless
closely monitored it may
be necessary to close the
bridge/ structure until
corrective action is taken.

Several numbers of open Considerable corrosion with Decay, insect infestation,

cracks (with or without indications of initial section splitting, cracking, checking
efflorescence) and loss. Loose at many or minor crushing may exist
concrete spalling may be locations. Some cracked but none is sufficiently
3. Fair- present, but there is no welds and/or broken grids. advanced to affect
Repair exposed reinforcing steel Minor fatigue, out-of-plane serviceability of the element.
required/ or surface evidence of bending cracks, tears, or Preservative is in place but
Action reinforcement corrosion. cracked welds and/or demonstrates thinning
required Minor rust stains visible. broken grids may be present beyond surface discoloration.
soon The area is in need of in structural elements. Minor leaking is occurring on
corrective action as soon Minor impact damage may untreated sheltered timbers.
as possible. have occurred. Continue
preventive maintenance
treatments is imperative.

Minor sign of Some connections with Minor cracking or splitting

deterioration such as minor corrosion. A few with a few loose planks, but
discoloration, cracked welds and/or not decay. The minor cracks,
4. Good- efflorescence, visible rust broken grids. Suspected splits and checks do not have
Minor repair stains, and or/ hairline locations where minor significant effect on strength
required/ No cracks with shallow and fatigue, out-of-plane bending or serviceability. Preservative
immediate light spalling. However, cracks, tears or perforation is in place and functioning or
action no significant effect on could develop in structural untreated timber is sheltered
strength and/or elements that should be from moisture and not in
serviceability. monitored during future contact with the earth.
inspections.

5. Very No noticeable or No noticeable or noteworthy No noticeable or noteworthy

Good- No noteworthy deficiencies deficiencies which affect the deficiencies which affect the
damage/No which affect the condition condition of the condition of the element/
repair of the element/structure. element/structure. structure.

Span Length Recording

Example 1 Example 2
 Type of Bridge = RC Deck Girder Type of Bridge = Steel Girder/ Deck

No. of Spans = 1 No. of Spans = 3

Bridges
Length of Span 1 (m) = 3 (length of slab Length of Span 1 (m) = 3 (length of slab from
between expansion joints (if visible) or first abutment to first pier)
abutments)
Length of Span 2 (m) = 2 (length of slab from
Length of Span 2 (m) = leave empty first pier to second pier)

. Length of Span 3 (m) = 3 (length of slab from

second pier to last abutment)
.
Length of Span 4 (m) = leave empty
Length of Span 7 (m) = leave empty
.

Length of Span 7 (m) = leave empty

Pipe
Culvert

(only
collecte
d as a
culvert
no Type of Culvert = CPC- Concrete Pipe Type of Culvert = CPC- Concrete Pipe
matter Culvert Culvert
the
No. of Cells = 1 No. of Cells = 3
length)
Width/Diameter (m)= 1.2 (inner diameter) Width/Diameter (m)= 1.2 (inner diameter of
any one pipe)
Height (m)= leave empty
Height (m)= leave empty

Box
Culvert

(only
collecte
d as a
culvert
no
matter
the
length)
 Type of Culvert = Cast-In-Situ Concrete/ Type of Culvert = Cast-In-Situ Concrete/
Box Box

No. of Cells = 1 No. of Cells = 2

Width/Diameter (m)= 1 (clear length) Width/Diameter (m)= 1 (clear length of one

box)
Height (m)= 1 (clear height)
Height (m)= 1 (clear height of one box)

Slab
Culvert
Type of Culvert = MCS- Culvert with Type of Culvert = MSCB- Culvert with
Masonry Support and Slab Masonry Support and RC Beam/Slab

No. of Cells = 1 No. of Cells = 1

Width/Diameter (m)= 1.2 (length of slab Width/Diameter (m)= 1.5 (length of slab
between abutments) between abutments)

Height (m)= leave empty Height (m)= leave empty

Arch
Culvert
Type of Culvert = Concrete/ Masonry Arch Type of Culvert = Corrugated Metal Arch
(Armco)
No. of Cells = 1
No. of Cells = 1
Width/Diameter (m)= 1.5 (clear length)
Width/Diameter (m)= 1.5 (clear length)
Height (m)= 1.5 (clear height)
Height (m)= 1 (clear height)
**if width/diameter is >2m, it should be
collected as arch bridge and add clear height
in remarks.
Vented
Drift Type of Drift = Non Vented Drift
Type of Drift = Vented Drift

Total Length (m)= 8 (length of concrete slab) Total Length (m)= 3 (length of concrete slab)

No. of Openings = 7 No. of Openings = leave empty

Width/ Diameter (m)= 1 (inner diameter of Width/ Diameter (m)= leave empty
any pipe)

** in case openings are rectangular, add

height in remarks