Chapter Seven : Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
1- Taylor’s Expansion Series
Or, it can be written as:
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( )= ( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) + ……
Ex1: Use the Taylor series method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use Five Terms only)
Sol: Taylor Series is:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )= ( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) + ……
Where:
( )
( ) ( )
( )= = 1.0000
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )≈( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) ( )
( ) ≈ 0.00 +1.00 + 1.00 + 0.17 + 0.0 = 2.17
Ex2: Use the Taylor series method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use Five Terms only)
Sol: Taylor Series is:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )= ( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) + ……
Where:
( ) ( )
( )=( ) ( ) = 1.0000
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )≈( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) ( )
( ) ≈ 1.00 +1.50 + 2,25 + 4.50 + 5.91 = 15.16
Ex3: Use the Taylor series method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use Five Terms only)
Sol: Taylor Series is:
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )= ( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) + ……
Where:
( ) ( )
( ) = ( ) = 1.0000
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )≈( )+ ( )+ ( ) + ( ) ( )
( ) ≈ 1.00 +2.00 + 4.00 + 8.00 + 16.00 = 31.00
Chapter Seven : Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: (2)
2- Euler’s Method to solve Ordinary Differential Equations.
In this method Euler utilized the first two terms in Taylor Expansion Series, however
he divided the difference between ( ) ( ) into several segments (n) in order
to reduce error:
( )( )
( )= ( )+ ( ) Or;
If ( )⁄ then:
( )( )
( )= ( )+ ( ), where:
( )( )
= ( )= ( )⇒ ( ) ( )+( ). ( )
Ex1: Use the Euler’s method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use n = 10)
Sol: Euler’s Method is:
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
n = 10 ⇒ ( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( )
0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.1000
0.1000 0.1000 1.2050 0.2205
0.2000 0.2205 1.4401 0.3645
0.3000 0.3645 1.7064 0.5351
0.4000 0.5351 2.0018 0.7353
0.5000 0.7353 2.3195 0.9673
0.6000 0.9673 2.6454 1.2318
0.7000 1.2318 2.9569 1.5275
0.8000 1.5275 3.2246 1.8500
0.9000 1.8500 3.4209 2.1921
1.0000 2.1921
Ex2: Use the Euler’s method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use n = 5)
Sol: Euler’s Method is:
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
n=5⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( )
0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.3000
0.3000 1.3000 1.7800 1.8340
0.6000 1.8340 3.7236 2.9511
0.9000 2.9511 9.5190 5.8068
1.2000 5.8068 35.1589 16.3545
1.5000 16.3545
Ex3: Use the Euler’s method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
( ) , and ( ) , (Use n = 6)
Sol: Euler’s Method is:
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
n=6⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( )
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.2000 0.0000 0.1987 0.0397
0.4000 0.0397 0.4257 0.1248
0.6000 0.1248 0.6630 0.2574
0.8000 0.2574 0.8711 0.4316
1.0000 0.4316 0.9903 0.6297
1.2000 0.6297
Chapter Seven : Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: (3)
3- Modified Euler’s Method to solve Ordinary Differential Equations.
Figure (1) Euler’s Method Figure (2) Modified Euler’s Method
( ) ( )+( ). ( ( ) ( ))
Ex1: Use the Modified Euler’s method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use n = 5)
Sol: Modified Euler’s Method is:
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
( ) ( )+( ). ( ( ) ( ))
( )
n=5⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1.0000 2.3000 6.2900 1.0400 2.5516 7.5923 2.5776
1.0400 2.5776 7.7256 1.0800 2.8866 9.4990 2.9221
1.0800 2.9221 9.7050 1.1200 3.3103 12.2125 3.3604
1.1200 3.3604 12.5470 1.1600 3.8623 16.2630 3.9366
1.1600 3.9366 16.8424 1.2000 4.6103 22.6948 4.7273
1.2000 4.7273
Ex2: Use the Modified Euler’s method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use n = 5)
Sol: Modified Euler’s Method is:
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
( ) ( )+( ). ( ( ) ( ))
( )
n=5⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0000 1.0000 -1.0000 0.0200 0.9800 -0.9404 0.9806
0.0200 0.9806 -0.9416 0.0400 0.9618 -0.8850 0.9623
0.0400 0.9623 -0.8860 0.0600 0.9446 -0.8323 0.9451
0.0600 0.9451 -0.8332 0.0800 0.9284 -0.7820 0.9289
0.0800 0.9289 -0.7829 0.1000 0.9132 -0.7340 0.9137
0.1000 0.9137
Ex3: Use the Modified Euler’s method to determine the value of ( ) at ( ), where:
( ) , and ( ) , (Use n = 5)
Sol: Modified Euler’s Method is:
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )+( ). ( ( ) ( ))
( )
n=5⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0000 1.0000 -0.5000 0.0600 0.9700 -0.4550 0.9714
0.0600 0.9714 -0.4557 0.1200 0.9441 -0.4120 0.9454
0.1200 0.9454 -0.4127 0.1800 0.9206 -0.3703 0.9219
0.1800 0.9219 -0.3710 0.2400 0.8996 -0.3298 0.9009
0.2400 0.9009 -0.3304 0.3000 0.8811 -0.2905 0.8823
0.3000 0.8823
Chapter Seven : Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations: (4)
4- Runge-Kutta’s (Second order) Method to solve Ordinary Differential Equations.
This method is the most popular method to solve Initial Value Problems for Ordinary
Differential Equations. However, this method (Runge-Kutta’s Second order) is similar
to the modified Euler Method with little differences as follows:
Figure (1) Euler’s Method Figure (2) Modified Euler’s and Runge-Kutta Method
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
Where:
( ) ( )
Ex1: Use the Runge-Kutta’s (Second Order) method to determine the value of ( ) at
( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use n = 5)
Sol: Runge-Kutta’s (Second Order) Method is:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
n=5⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( )
1.0000 2.3000 6.2900 1.0400 2.5516 7.5923 2.5776
1.0400 2.5776 7.7259 1.0800 2.8866 9.4991 2.9221
1.0800 2.9221 9.7051 1.1200 3.3103 12.2125 3.3605
1.1200 3.3605 12.5470 1.1600 3.8624 16.2636 3.9367
1.1600 3.9367 16.8433 1.2000 4.6104 22.6961 4.7273
1.2000 4.7273
Ex2: Use the Runge-Kutta’s (Second Order) method to determine the value of ( ) at
( ), where:
, and ( ) , (Use n = 5)
Sol: Runge-Kutta’s (Second Order) Method is:
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )+( ). ( )
( )
n=5⇒( )⁄
( ) ( ) ( )
0.0000 1.0000 -1.0000 0.0200 0.9800 -0.9404 0.9806
0.0200 0.9806 -0.9416 0.0400 0.9618 -0.8850 0.9623
0.0400 0.9623 -0.8860 0.0600 0.9446 -0.8323 0.9451
0.0600 0.9451 -0.8332 0.0800 0.9284 -0.7820 0.9289
0.0800 0.9289 -0.7829 0.1000 0.9132 -0.7340 0.9137
0.1000 0.9137
Chapter Seven: Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
- (Part Two) (Boundary Value Problems):
In this part Finite Difference Method will be used to solve these types of O.D.E.:
The following definitions will be needed in this type of solutions:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑖−1 − 𝑦𝑖+1
1- 𝑖=
𝑑𝑥 2ℎ
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦𝑖−1 −2𝑦𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖+1
2- 𝑖=
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
Where:
𝑦𝑖−1 𝑦𝑖 𝑦𝑖+1
-
𝑥𝑖−1
1 𝑥𝑖 𝑥𝑖+1
Type equation here.
-
1
h h
Type equation here.
-1 it can be represent first derivative and second derivative in ordinary
In other words
differential equations in (B.V.P.) with the above expressions. However, the interval
-1
between any two following points (h) should be constant.
EX. 1:
For the following differential equation, by using Finite Difference Method find the
value of [𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)] in each point, where :
𝑑2𝑦
+ 𝑦 = 0 , 𝑦(0) = 0 , 𝑦(1) = 1 , ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution:
𝑦0 (0) = 0 𝑦1 (0.25) = ? 𝑦2 (0.50) = ? 𝑦3 (0.75) = ? 𝑦4 (1) = 1
- = = = -
1 1
Type equation
𝑥 here.
=0 𝑥1 = 0.25 𝑥2 = 0.50 𝑥3 = 0.75 Type equation
𝑥4 =here.
1
0
1 1
Type equation here. Type equation here.
From the -1above figure, it can be seen that there are three unknowns : (𝑦1 , 𝑦-12 , 𝑦3 ),
and (𝑦0 , 𝑦4 ) are the value of Boundaries, to find their values we use the following
equation to-1represent the second derivative: -1
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦𝑖−1 −2𝑦𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖+1
𝑖=
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
@ Node 1: 𝑥1 = 0.25
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦0 −2𝑦1 + 𝑦2
2
+ 𝑦 = 0 => + 𝑦1 = 0 , 𝑦0 = 0, ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 ℎ2
−1.9375𝑦1 + 𝑦2 = 0 ------(1)
@ Node 2: 𝑥2 = 0.50
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦1 −2𝑦2 + 𝑦3
+ 𝑦 = 0 => + 𝑦2 = 0 , ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
𝑦1 − 1.9375𝑦2 + 𝑦3 = 0 ------(2)
@ Node 3: 𝑥3 = 0.75
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦2 −2𝑦3 + 𝑦4
+ 𝑦 = 0 => + 𝑦3 = 0 , 𝑦4 = 1, ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
𝑦2 − 1.9375𝑦3 = −1.0 ------(3)
-1.9375 1.0000 0.0000 𝑦1 0.0000 ----------(1)
1.0000 -1.9375 1.0000 𝑦2 = 0.0000 ----------(2)
0.0000 1. 0000 -1.9375 𝑦3 -1.0000 ----------(3)
Three Equations with Three Unknowns, using Gauss-Elimination Method to solve
these three liner equations and find the value of the unknowns (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 ) .
𝑦1 = 0.2943, 𝑦2 = 0.5702, 𝑦3 = 0.8104
EX. 2:
For the following differential equation, by using Finite Difference Method find the
value of [𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)] in each point, where :
𝑑2𝑦
= 4(𝑦 − 𝑥) , 𝑦(0) = 0 , 𝑦(1) = 2 , ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution:
𝑦0 (0) = 0 𝑦1 (0.25) = ? 𝑦2 (0.50) = ? 𝑦3 (0.75) = ? 𝑦4 (1) = 2
- = = = -
1 1
Type equation
𝑥 here.
=0 𝑥1 = 0.25 𝑥2 = 0.50 𝑥3 = 0.75 Type equation
𝑥4 =here.
1
0
1 1
Type equation here. Type equation here.
From the -1above figure, it can be seen that there are three unknowns : (𝑦1 , 𝑦-12 , 𝑦3 ),
and (𝑦0 , 𝑦4 ) are the value of Boundaries, to find their values we use the following
equation to-1represent the second derivative: -1
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦𝑖−1 −2𝑦𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖+1
2
𝑖=
𝑑𝑥 ℎ2
@ Node 1: 𝑥1 = 0.25
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦0 −2𝑦1 + 𝑦2
= 4(𝑦 − 𝑥) => = 4(𝑦1 − 𝑥1 ) , 𝑦0 = 0, 𝑥1 = 0.25, ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
−2.25𝑦1 + 𝑦2 = − 0.0625 ------(1)
@ Node 2: 𝑥2 = 0.50
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦1 −2𝑦2 + 𝑦3
= 4(𝑦 − 𝑥) => = 4(𝑦2 − 𝑥2 ) , 𝑥2 = 0.50, ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
𝑦1 − 2.25𝑦2 + 𝑦3 = − 0.125 ------(2)
@ Node 3: 𝑥3 = 0.75
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦2 −2𝑦3 + 𝑦4
= 4(𝑦 − 𝑥) => = 4(𝑦3 − 𝑥3 ) , 𝑦4 = 2, 𝑥3 = 0.75, ℎ = 0.25
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
𝑦2 − 2.25𝑦3 = −2.1875 ------(3)
-2.2500 1.0000 0.0000 𝑦1 -0.0625 ----------(1)
1.0000 -2.2500 1.0000 𝑦2 = -0.1250 ----------(2)
0.0000 1. 0000 -2.2500 𝑦3 -2.1875 ----------(3)
Three Equations with Three Unknowns, using Gauss-Elimination Method to solve
these three liner equations and find the value of the unknowns (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 ) .
𝑦1 = 0.3951, 𝑦2 = 0.8265, 𝑦3 = 1.3396
EX. 3:
For the following differential equation, by using Finite Difference Method find the
value of [𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)] in each point, where :
𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
+ × − = 0 , 𝑦(2.5) = 0.008 , 𝑦(6.5) = 0.003 , ℎ = 1.0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
Solution:
𝑦0 (2.5) = 0.008 𝑦1 (3.5) = ? 𝑦2 (4.5) = ? 𝑦3 (5.5) = ? 𝑦4 (6.5) = 0.003
= Type equation here. = = = = Type equation here.
𝑥0 = 2.5 𝑥1 = 3.5 𝑥2 = 4.5 𝑥3 = 5.5 𝑥4 = 6.5
1
-1 1-1
Type equation here. Type equation here.
From the above figure, it can be seen that there are three unknowns : (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 ),
and (𝑦0 , 𝑦4 ) are the value of Boundaries, to find their values we use the following
equations to represent the first and second derivatives:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑖−1 − 𝑦𝑖+1
𝑖=
𝑑𝑥 2ℎ
𝑑2𝑦 𝑦𝑖−1 −2𝑦𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖+1
𝑖=
𝑑𝑥 2 ℎ2
@ Node 1: 𝑥1 = 3.5
𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦0 −2𝑦1 + 𝑦2 1 𝑦0 − 𝑦2 𝑦1
+ × − =0 => + × − =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 ℎ2 𝑥1 2ℎ 𝑥12
Where: 𝑦0 = 0.008 , 𝑥1 = 3.5 , ℎ = 1.0
−2.0816𝑦1 + 0.8571𝑦2 = − 0.0091 ------(1)
@ Node 2: 𝑥2 = 4.5
𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦1 −2𝑦2 + 𝑦3 1 𝑦1 − 𝑦3 𝑦2
+ × − =0 => + × − =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 ℎ2 𝑥2 2ℎ 𝑥22
Where: 𝑥2 = 4.5 , ℎ = 1.0
1.1111𝑦1 − 2.0494𝑦2 + 0.8889𝑦3 = 0 ------(2)
@ Node 3: 𝑥3 = 5.5
𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦2 −2𝑦3 + 𝑦4 1 𝑦2 − 𝑦4 𝑦3
+ × − =0 => + × − =0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2 ℎ2 𝑥3 2ℎ 𝑥32
Where: 𝑦4 = 0.003 , 𝑥3 = 5.5 , ℎ = 1.0
1.0909𝑦2 − 2.0331𝑦3 = −0.0027 ------(3)
-2.0816 0.8571 0.0000 𝑦1 -0.0091 ----------(1)
1.1111 -2.0494 0.8889 𝑦2 = 0.0000 ----------(2)
0.0000 1. 0909 -2.0331 𝑦3 -0.0027 ----------(3)
Three Equations with Three Unknowns, using Gauss-Elimination Method to solve
these three liner equations and find the value of the unknowns (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , 𝑦3 ) .
𝑦1 = 0.0066, 𝑦2 = 0.0054, 𝑦3 = 0.0042
Ex1: Using F.D.M., find [y(x)] at each point, where the governing O.D.E is:
, where : y(0) = 0 , y(1) = 1 , h=0.25
Sol.:
y0(0) = 0.0 -------- y1(0.25) =? -------- y2(0.50) = ? --------- y3(0.75) = ? --------- y4(1) = 1.0
x0 = 0 -------- x1 = 0.25 -------- x2 = 0.50 --------- x3 = 0.75 --------- x4= 1.0
@ Node 1 : x1 = 0.25
Where :
⇒ – 1.9375 y1 + y2 = 0.0000 ---- (1)
@ Node 2 : x2 = 0.5
Where :
⇒ y1 – 1.9375 y2 + y3 = 0.0000 ---- (2)
@ Node 3 : x3 = 0.75
Where :
⇒ y2 – 1.9375 y3 = -1.0 ---- (3)
-1.9375 1.0000 0.0000 Y1 0.0000 -----(1)
1.0000 -1.9375 1.0000 . Y2 = 0.0000 -----(2)
0.0000 1.0000 -1.9375 Y3 -1.0000 -----(3)
Rearrange the equations so that the first equation (Row) contains all unknowns as follows:
1.0000 -1.9375 1.0000 Y1 0.0000 -----(1)
-1.9375 1.0000 0.0000 . Y2 = 0.0000 -----(2)
0.0000 1.0000 -1.9375 Y3 -1.0000 -----(3)
Multiply (1) by (1.9375) than add to (2) we get
1.9375 Y1 - 3.7539 Y2 + 1.9375 Y3 = 0.0000 -----(1)
-1.9375 Y1 + 1.0000 Y2 + 0.0000 Y3 = 0.0000 -----(2)
0.0000 Y1 - 2.7539 Y2 + 1.9375 Y3 = 0.0000 -----(4)
1.0000 -1.9375 1.0000 Y1 0.0000 -----(1)
0.0000 -2.7539 1.9375 . Y2 = 0.0000 -----(4)
0.0000 1.0000 -1.9375 Y3 -1.0000 -----(3)
Multiply (3) by (2.7539) than add to (4) we get
0.0000 Y1 + 2.7539 Y2 - 5.3357 Y3 = -2.7539 ----(3)
0.0000 Y1 - 2.7539 Y2 + 1.9375 Y3 = 0.0000 -----(4)
0.0000 Y1 + 0.0000 Y2 - 3.3982 Y3 = -2.7539 -----(5)
1.0000 -1.9375 1.0000 Y1 0.0000 -----(1)
0.0000 -2.7539 1.9375 . Y2 = 0.0000 -----(4)
0.0000 0.0000 -3.3982 Y3 -2.7539 -----(5)
Y3 = 0.8104 , Y2 = 0.5702 , Y1 = 0.2943
Ex4: For the Heated Rod, Using F.D.M., to find the temperature as [y(x)] at each point of
the rod, where the governing O.D.E for heat transfer along the rod is:
( ) , where : y(0) = 40 , y(8) = 160 , h=2
Sol.:
y0(0) = 40 -------- y1(2) =? -------- y2(4) = ? --------- y3(6) = ? --------- y4(8) = 160
x0 = 0 -------- x1 = 2 -------- x2 = 4 --------- x3 = 6 --------- x4= 8
@ Node 1 : x1 = 2.0
( ) ⇒ ( )
Where :
⇒ – 2 y1 + y2 = - 40.72 ---- (1)
@ Node 2 : x2 = 4.0
( ) ⇒ ( )
Where :
⇒ y1 – 2 y2 + y3 = - 0.64 ---- (2)
@ Node 3 : x3 = 6.0
( ) ⇒ ( )
Where :
⇒ y2 – 2 y3 = - 160.56 ---- (3)
-2.0000 1.0000 0.0000 Y1 - 40.7200 -----(1)
1.0000 -2.0000 1.0000 . Y2 = - 0.6400 -----(2)
0.0000 1.0000 -2.0000 Y3 - 160.5600 -----(3)
Rearrange the equations so that the first equation (Row) contains all unknowns as follows:
1.0000 -2.0000 1.0000 Y1 - 0.6400 -----(1)
-2.0000 1.0000 0.0000 . Y2 = - 40.7200 -----(2)
0.0000 1.0000 -2.0000 Y3 - 160.5600 -----(3)
Multiply (1) by (2.0000) than add to (2) we get
2.0000 Y1 - 4.0000 Y2 + 2.0000 Y3 = - 1.2800 -----(1)
-2.0000 Y1 + 1.0000 Y2 + 0.0000 Y3 = - 40.7200 -----(2)
0.0000 Y1 - 3.0000 Y2 + 2.0000 Y3 = - 42.0000 -----(4)
1.0000 -2.0000 1.0000 Y1 - 0.6400 -----(1)
0.0000 -3.0000 2.0000 . = - 42.0000 -----(4)
Y2
0.0000 1.0000 -2.0000 Y3 - 160.5600 -----(3)
Multiply (3) by (3.0000) than add to (4) we get
0.0000 Y1 + 3.0000 Y2 - 6.0000 Y3 = - 481.6800 ----(3)
0.0000 Y1 - 3.0000 Y2 + 2.0000 Y3 = - 42.0000 -----(4)
0.0000 Y1 + 0.0000 Y2 - 4.0000 Y3 = - 523.68 -----(5)
1.0000 -2.0000 1.0000 Y1 - 0.6400 -----(1)
0.0000 -3.0000 2.0000 . = - 42.0000 -----(4)
Y2
0.0000 0.0000 -4.0000 Y3 - 523.6800 -----(5)
Y3 = 130.9200 , Y2 = 101.2800 , Y1 = 71.0000
