PROBLEM SET

1. A reversed Carnot cycle is used for refrigeration and rejects 1,000 kW of heat at 340K while
receiving heat at 250K. Determine (a) COP, (b) the power required, and (c) the refrigerating effect.
2. A reversed Carnot cycle has a refrigerating COP of 4. (a) What is the ratio 𝑇𝐻 /𝑇𝐿 ? (b) If the work
input is 6 kW, what will be the maximum refrigerating effect, kJ/min and tons.
3. A reversed Carnot engine removes 40,000 kW from a heat sink. The temperature of heat sink is
260K and the temperature of the heat reservoir is 320K. Determine the power required of the
engine.
4. An ammonia vapor refrigeration cycle operates at an evaporator temperature of -16℃ and a
condensing temperature of 32℃. Determine the coefficient of performance (a) for an ideal
saturation cycle, (b) for wet compression with saturated vapor leaving the compressor, and (c) the
vapor at suction to compressor is superheated 6 degrees.
5. A standard vapor compression system produces 20 tons of refrigeration using R-12 as a refrigerant
while operating between a condenser temperature of 41.6℃ and an evaporator temperature of -
25℃. Determine (a) the refrigerating effect in kJ/kg, (b) the circulating rate in kg/s, (c) the power
supplied, (d) the COP, (e) the heat rejected in kW, and (f) the volume flow rate in L/s.
6. A manufacturing company is intending to use its water cooled condenser for its proposed cold
storage room. The name plate of the condenser gives the following specifications:
Refrigerant Ammonia
Condenser water inlet 30℃
Condenser water outlet 40℃
Condensing temperature 35℃
Refrigerant flow 3.84 kg/min
Circulating water flow 120 kg/min
(a) If the company decided to purchase a new compressor and evaporator, find the tonnage of the
system and the temperature in the evaporator, (b) what is the COP? (c) find the theoretical hp
required.
7. A standard ammonia vapor-compression cycle developing 20 tons of refrigeration operates with a
condensing temperature of 32℃ and an evaporating temperature of -14℃. Calculate the (a)
refrigerating effect, (b) circulating rate of refrigerant, (c) theoretical power, (d) COP, (e) gallons
per minute of cooling water in the condenser, if ∆𝑡 is 8℃, (f) quality of the refrigerant entering the
evaporator, and (g) temperature of the refrigerant leaving the compressor. (1 gallon contains 8.33
lb. of water)
8. A single-acting, twin-cylinder 15.25 x 15.25-cm. compressor receives saturated ammonia vapor at
-18℃ and discharges it at 1514.3 kPa. The system is used to produce ice at a final temperature of -
10℃ from water at 27℃. The compressor runs at 450 rpm with an actual volumetric efficiency of
78%. Assume compression and mechanical efficiencies to 82% and 88%, respectively. Calculate
the following: (a) capacity of the system in tons of refrigeration, (b) brake hp required by the
compressor, (c) tons of ice produced per day in compressor runs only 20 hours a day. Assume losses
to be 10% of refrigeration required to produce the ice, and (d) ideal and actual COP.
9. An R-12 standard refrigeration cycle operates at an evaporating pressure of 386 kPa and a
condensing pressure of 1009 kPa. Show the effects of decreasing the vaporizing pressure to 270
kPa on the following: For a unit mass, (a) refrigerating effect, (b) COP, and (c) work. For a
refrigerating capacity of 1 kW, (d) power, (e) mass flow rate, (f) heat rejected, and (g) volume flow
rate.
10. An industrial plant has available 4-cylinder, 76-mm bore by 102-mm stroke 800 rpm, single-acting
compressor with the use of Refrigerant 12. Proposed operating conditions for the compressor are
38℃ condensing temperature and 5℃ evaporating temperature. It is estimated that the refrigerant
will enter the expansion valve as a saturated liquid, that the vapor will leave the evaporator at a
temperature of 7℃, and will enter the compressor at a temperature of 13℃. Assume a compressor
volumetric efficiency of 70 percent. Assume frictionless flow. Calculate the refrigerating capacity
in kW for a system equipped with this compressor.
11. A refrigerant 12 refrigeration system requires a load of 54 kW at an evaporator pressure of 270 kPa
and a condenser pressure of 1009 kPa. The refrigerant is subcooled 10 degrees before entering the
expansion valve and vapor is superheated 14 degrees before entering the expansion valve and vapor
is superheated 14 degrees before entering the compressor. A twin-cylinder compressor with stroke
equal to 1.25 times the bore is to be used at a speed of 27 r/s. The volumetric efficiency is 84
percent. Determine (a) the quantity of cooling water in the condenser for an 11-degree increase in
temperature, (b) the bore and stroke, and (c) the compressor power.
12. A refrigerant 22 refrigeration system carries a load of 82 kW at an evaporator pressure of 354 kPa
and a condenser pressure of 1460 kPa. The liquid refrigerant is subcooled by 4 degrees before
entering the expansion valve and the vapor is superheated by 5 degrees before entering the
compressor. The compressor operates at 28 r/s. The stroke-to-bore ratio of the twin-cylinder
compressor is 1.20 and the actual volumetric efficiency is 82 percent. Determine (a) the mass flow
rate of refrigerant, (b) mass flow rate of cooling water in the condenser for a 7-degree change in
temperature, and (c) the bore and stroke.
13. A refrigerant 22 refrigerating system is operating with a condenser temperature of 42℃ and an
evaporating temperature of 0℃. (a) If the liquid line from the condenser is soldered to the suction
line from the evaporator to form a simple heat exchanger and if as a result of this the saturated
vapor leaving the evaporator is superheated 10 degrees, how many degrees will the saturates liquid
leaving the condenser be subcooled? Determine the volume flow rate, and the compressor work.
14. In a conventional refrigeration cycle which uses Freon-12 as the refrigerant, the temperature of the
evaporating fluid is -20℃. It leaves the evaporator as saturated vapor at -20℃ and enters the
compressor. The pressure in the condenser is 1.30 MPa. The liquid leaves the condenser and enters
the expansion valve at 40℃. It is proposed to modify this cycle by adding a heat exchanger that
would superheat the suction vapor to 25℃. Compare the coefficient of performance of these two
cycles. What is the temperature of refrigerant entering the expansion valve with the heat exchanger?
For a load of 50 kW, determine the volume flow rate for both cycles.