PEd 101 Final Activity

Activity: Analysis of Developmental Theories

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Name: THERESE CARMEL R. BARBASO

Program and Year Level: BEED 1
Schedule: PED101 (TUE-THU 10:00-11:30AM)

Strengths and Contributions to the Field of Significance of

Theory Proponent Stages/Key Points Personal Definition
Weaknesses Education Understanding the Theory

1.Psychosexual A psychological Strengths: ●Freud’s theory emphasizes Understanding psychoanalytic

Development: framework known as ●Many of the the importance of early theory holds significance as it
●Oral Stage: Birth to 18 psychoanalytic theories of childhood experiences in provides deep insights into the
months, it focuses on the theory examines how personality shaping personality. This intricate interplay between the
mouth. human behavior, developed by insight has led educators to unconscious mind, emotions,
●Anal Stage: 18 to 3 emotions, and psychodynamic consider developmental and behavior. This
years, focuses on the personality thinkers, such as stages when designing comprehension aids in
bowel and bladder development are Erikson's theory of educational approaches and deciphering the root causes of
control of the child. influenced by the psychosocial stages interventions. individual actions, contributing
Sigismund ●Phallic Stage: 3 to 6 unconscious mind. It and Freud's ● Freud’s focus on the to a more profound
Schlomo years, focus on genitalia, highlights how a psychosexual stage unconscious mind has understanding of personality
Freud also Oedipus/Electra person’s ideas and theory, continue to prompted educators to development and motivations.
known as complex. behaviors are influence the field recognize the impact of By recognizing the impact of
(Sigmund ● Latency Stage: 6 to shaped by today. hidden motivations, fears, and early experiences and
Feud) puberty, sexual feelings unconscious desires, ●Psychoanalysis desires on students’ behavior unconscious processes,
Psychoanalytic Is an Australian dormant. conflicts, and early opened up a new and learning. This insight can individuals, including
Theory Neurologist and ●Genital Stage: Puberty life experiences. view on mental inform strategies for psychologists, educators, and
founder of onwards, mature sexual illness, particularly addressing emotional and clinicians, gain valuable tools
Psychoanalysis. relationships. that talking through psychological aspects of to navigate and address
2. Three parts of the problems with a education. emotional complexities. While
mind: psychoanalytic ● Freud’s theory underscores not without criticisms,
●Id: Instinctual drives professional could the significance of early psychoanalytic theory remains
and desires. help alleviate a childhood experiences. influential in shaping our
●Ego: Reality focus, person's Educators may consider the understanding of the human
mediates between id and psychological impact of these experiences psyche, fostering self-
superego. distress. on students’ emotional awareness, and informing
●Superego: Internalized development and behavior, various fields, from psychology
societal norms and Weaknesses: aiming to create supportive to literature and beyond.
values. ● Freud's theories environments that foster
3.Defense Mechanisms: overemphasized the positive growth.
●Repression: unconscious mind,
Unconscious blocking of sex, aggression,
unpleasant memories. and childhood
●Projection: Attributing experiences.
one’s thoughts or ● Many of the
feelings to someone else. concepts proposed
●Denial: Refusing to by psychoanalytic
accept reality. theorists are difficult
●Sublimation: to measure and
Channeling impulses into quantify.
socially acceptable
activities.
4. Three levels of
Consciousness:
● Preconscious mind:
information that you are
not currently aware of but
can be recalled.
● Conscious mind:
mind is your current state
of awareness.
● Unconscious mind:
exists outside of your
awareness at all times.
5. Sexuality and
Aggression:
● Emphasizes the
 significance of sexual
and aggressive instincts
in human behavior.

The four (4) stages of The cognitive Strengths: ●Piaget’s theory has Understanding the cognitive
development: development theory ●Piaget’s theory influenced the development of development theory is crucial
1. Sensorimotor Stage emphasizes that a provides a educational curricula by for educators and parents
(0-2 years): Infants learn children go through comprehensive emphasizing the importance alike. It provides valuable
through sensory distinct changes of framework for of age-appropriate learning insights into how children
experiences and motor mental growth as understanding how experiences. Educators use think, learn, and problem-solve
actions. they grow. It has four cognitive abilities his stages to design activities at different stages of their
2. Preoperational Stage stages and this are develop from and materials that align with development. This knowledge
(2-7 years): Children the sensorimotor (0-2 infancy to students’ cognitive abilities at enables educators to tailor
starts using symbols like years) stages which adulthood. different developmental teaching methods, materials,
language and engage in the child explores the ● Piaget’s ideas stages. assessments to match
pretend play. world through senses have influenced ●The theory emphasizes on students’ cognitive abilities,
3. Concrete Operational and actions. Another education, leading active learning and discovery promoting effective learning.
Stage (7-11 years): one is the to the development learning which has shaped Additionally, recognizing the
Cognitive Jean William Logical thinking emerges, Preoperational stage of age-appropriate the pedagogical approaches. significance of cognitive
Development Fritz Piaget and children begin to (2-7 years) which learning materials Educators in corporate hands- intellectual growth and engage
A Swiss understand conservation develops the child’s and methods. on activities, exploration, and in age-appropriate activities.
Psychologist. (quantity remains the symbolic thinking interaction to foster cognitive Overall, a grasp of cognitive
same despite changes in and the concrete Weaknesses: development, acknowledging development theory enhances
appearance). operational stage (7- ●Piaget’s stages the importance of learners both educational practices and
4. Formal Operational 11 years) which are too rigid and constructing their knowledge. parenting strategies, fostering
Stage (11 years and brings improvement that individual optimal learning experiences
older): Abstract and to the child’s logical variation in for children.
hypothetical thinking abilities in dealing development may
develops. with concrete not fit neatly into the
objects. Lastly the proposed age
formal operational ranges.
stage (11 years and ● Piaget’s theory
above) the child’s tends to downplay
abstract thinking and the role of social
problem solving and cultural factors
becomes more in cognitive
 sophisticated. development, which
are recognized as
significant by other
theorists.
Psychosocial Erik Erikson Eight Stages of The Psychosocial Strengths: ●By recognizing the unique Understanding the
Theory A German- Psychosocial theory: theory is a ● Erikson’s challenges individuals face at psychosocial theory holds a
American 1. Trust vs. Mistrust psychological psychological theory different stages of significant importance in
developmental (Infancy): Developing a framework that provides a holistic development, educators can comprehending the
Psychologist. basic trust in the world examines the impact perspective by tailor instruction to address complexities of human
and caregivers. of social and considering the the specific psychosocial development. This theory
2. Autonomy vs. Shame emotional factors to interplay between needs of students, fostering provides a lens through which
and Doubt (Early human development social, emotional, more individualized and educators, parents, and
Childhood): Children across the lifespan. It and cognitive effective learning individuals themselves can
seek to develop a sense emphasizes the factors in human environment. gain insights into the interplay
of independence and interplay between development. ● The theory focus on identity of social, emotional, and
control over their individual ● Unlike some information during cognitive factors across
environment. psychological theories that focus adolescence is particularly various life stages. By
3. Initiative vs. Guilt processes and the only on specific age relevant in education. Schools recognizing the unique
(Preschool): The focus social environment. groups, can create opportunities for challenges and crises at
is on encouraging This theory consist of psychosocial theory students to explore their different points of life,
children to explore and eight stages and covers the entire interests, values, and individuals can navigate
take initiatives while each of the stages lifespan, offering a personal identity, contributing personal growth, relationships,
learning the boundaries characterized by a comprehensive to a more fulfilling educational and identity formation more
of acceptable behavior. unique psychosocial framework for experiences. effectively. In education, this
4. Industry vs. crisis or challenge understanding ● Psychological theory’s understanding allows for
Inferiority (Middle that shapes one’s development from consideration of identity and tailored approaches that
School): Children personality and infancy to late generativity stags is relevant address students’
develop a sense of identity. adulthood. to career development. psychosocial theory offers a
competence and mastery Educators can integrate valuable roadmap for
in various skills and Weaknesses: career exploration activities navigating the intricate journey
tasks. ●Erikson’s theory is that align with students’ of human development,
5. Identity vs. Role more descriptive developmental needs, aiding influencing how we educate,
Confusion than explanatory, them in making informed relate to others and shape our
(Adolescence): and there is limited decisions about their future. identities.
Adolescents seek to empirical evidence
establish a clear sense of to support some of
self and personal identity. its concepts. This
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation has led some
(Young Adulthood): researchers to
Individuals explore question the
relationships and seek to scientific rigor of the
form close, meaningful theory.
connections with others. ●Some aspect of
7. Generativity vs. the theory may not
Stagnation (Middle fully consider
Adulthood): Adults cultural variations in
strive to contribute to how individuals
society and future experience and
generations, often resolve
through work, family, or psychosocial crises.
community involvement.
8. Integrity vs. Despair
(Late Adulthood): The
focus is on reflecting on
one’s life, finding a sense
of fulfilment, and
accepting the inevitability
of mortality.
1. Zone Proximal Lev Vygotsky's Strengths: The Sociocultural theory has Understanding sociocultural
Development (ZPD): sociocultural theory ● The concept of made a profound and lasting theory is significant because it
It refers to the gap holds that social the ZPD provides a contribution to the field of highlights the vital role of
between what a learner interactions and practical framework education. By emphasizing social interactions and cultural
can do independently cultural background for educators to the pivotal role of social contexts in shaping cognitive
and what they can do have a significant identify and support interactions and cultural development. This theory
with the help of a more impact on cognitive learners at their contexts in cognitive emphasizes that learning is
knowledgeable person. development. It specific development, this theory has not just an individual process
2. Scaffolding: highlights how crucial developmental shaped contemporary but is deeply embedded in the
Scaffolding involves it is to comprehend levels, promoting educational practices. The social and cultural
providing temporary how people pick up optimal learning concept of the Zone of environment. Recognizing the
support or guidance to a knowledge and skills opportunities. Proximal Development (ZPD) influence of peers, mentors,
learner within their ZPD through collaborative ● This theory has proven particularly and cultural tools helps
to help them accomplish learning, cultural recognizes and influential, providing educators design effective
 a task. tools, and the zone values cultural educators with a practical teaching strategies that
3. Cultural tool and of proximal growth. diversity, framework for identifying promote collaboration, critical
Artifacts: Sociocultural acknowledging that learners' potential and thinking, and cultural
theory emphasizes the learning is deeply tailoring instruction sensitivity. By grasping the
importance of cultural embedded in accordingly. Sociocultural principles of sociocultural
tools, such as language, cultural practices, theory underscores the theory, educators can create
symbols, and tools, and significance of collaborative inclusive and engaging
technologies, in shaping perspectives. It learning, recognizing that learning environments that
cognitive development. helps educators students benefit from consider the diverse
These tools mediate the tailor instruction to engaging with more backgrounds and experiences
relationship between the cultural knowledgeable peers or of students, fostering a more
individuals and their backgrounds of mentors. This approach holistic approach to education.
environment. learners. encourages a student-
4. Private Speech: ● Sociocultural centered, interactive
Lev Vygotsky observed that theory highlights the classroom environment that
Sociocultural Semenovich children often engage in crucial role of social fosters critical thinking,
Theory Vygotsky also private speech (talking to interactions in problem-solving, and the
known as Lev themselves) as a way to cognitive development of cultural
Vygotsky is a regulate their own development, awareness. Moreover, the
Russian thinking. Over time, this emphasizing the theory's acknowledgment of
Psychologist. private speech importance of the cultural influences on
internalizes and becomes collaboration, learning has prompted
inner speech, guiding communication, and educators to incorporate
thought without the need shared experiences. diverse perspectives, cultural
for vocalization. tools, and real-world
5. Social Interaction: Weaknesses: applications into their teaching
Learning occurs through ● Sociocultural methodologies. Overall,
collaborative activities, theory may not sociocultural theory has not
discussions, and shared adequately account only enriched our
experiences. for individual understanding of how
6. Cultural Context: variations in individuals learn but has also
Different cultures provide cognitive contributed valuable insights
unique tools, practices, development. It that continue to shape
and perspectives that tends to focus more effective and culturally
shape how individuals on the social and responsive educational
think and solve problems. cultural aspects, practices.
7. Cultural-Historical potentially
Development: overlooking the
Vygotsky's theory unique cognitive
suggests that individual processes of
development cannot be individuals.
separated from the ● Sociocultural
cultural and historical theory tends to
context in which it downplay the role of
occurs. Cultural-historical biological factors in
development considers cognitive
the impact of societal development.
changes and historical Biological and
events on cognitive genetic influences
development. are acknowledged
8. Role of Play: Play is by other theories,
seen as an essential such as Piaget's
component of learning in cognitive
sociocultural theory. Play development theory.
activities allow children to ● The theory
explore and internalize recognizes cultural
cultural practices, roles, influences, it might
and rules, contributing to oversimplify or
cognitive and social generalize cultural
development. characteristics,
9. More Knowledgeable overlooking the
Other: The MKO is diversity within
someone who has a cultures and
higher level of knowledge potential variations
or ability than the learner. in the impact of
This person plays a key culture on cognitive
role in guiding and development.
supporting the learner
within the ZPD.
10. Cognitive
Apprenticeship: The
concept of cognitive
 apprenticeship involves a
novice engaging in tasks
with the guidance of an
expert. Through
observation, practice,
and feedback, the novice
gradually acquires the
skills and knowledge of
the expert.

References:

https://www.gowriensw.com.au/thought-leadership/vygotsky-theory

https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-2795740

https://www.verywellmind.com/piagets-stages-of-cognitive-development-2795457

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalysis-2795246#toc-key-ideas

Prepared:

KATHRYN ROSE C. ARCHULETA, MAEd

Instructor