COMPUTER NETWORK
ASSIGNMENT: 8
Title: Dynamic Routing Using Cisco Packet Tracer: RIP, OSPF, and BGP
INTRODUCTION: Dynamic routing protocols such as RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path
First), and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) are integral components of modern computer
networking, facilitating the automatic exchange of routing information among routers to determine optimal paths to
network destinations. RIP, with its distance-vector algorithm, is suited for smaller networks, while OSPF, employing
the link-state algorithm, offers scalability and faster convergence, making it ideal for larger and more complex
networks. On the other hand, BGP, a path-vector protocol, enables routing
between different autonomous systems on the Internet, providing flexibility and scalability to maintain global
connectivity. Together, these dynamic routing protocols underpin the efficiency and reliability of network
communication, catering to diverse network architectures and requirements.
RIP : 8.a To understand the concept and operation of Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Requirements
● Windows pc – 2 Nos
● CISCO Packet Tracer Software (Student Version)
● 8 port switch – 2 No
● Router – 2 Nos
● Cat-5 LAN cable
Procedure
● Open the CISCO Packet tracer software
● Drag and drop 5 pcs using End Device Icons on the left corner
● Select 8 port switch from switch icon list in the left bottom corner
● Select Routers and Give the IP address for serial ports of router and apply clock rate as per the table.
● Make the connections using Straight through Ethernet cables
● Ping between PCs and observe the transfer of data packets in real and simulation mode.
Theory
RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is one of the oldest distance vector routing protocols. It is usually used on small
networks because it is very simple to configure and maintain, but lacks some advanced features of routing protocols
like OSPF or EIGRP. Two versions of the protocol exists: version 1 and version 2. Both versions use hop count as a
metric and have the administrative distance of 120. RIP version 2 is capable of advertising subnet masks and uses
multicast to send routing updates, while version 1 doesn’t advertise subnet masks and uses broadcast for updates.
Version 2 is backwards compatible with version 1. RIPv2 sends the entire routing table every 30 seconds, which can
consume a lot of bandwidth. RIPv2 uses multicast address of
224.0.0.9 to send routing updates, supports authentication and triggered updates (updates that are sent when a change
in the network occurs).
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
COMPUTER NETWORK
IP configuration on PCs
Click PC->Desktop->IP Configuration. On each PC assign these addresses: PC1:
IP address: 10.0.0.2 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 Default Gateway 10.0.0.1 PC2: IP
address: 30.0.0.2 Subnet mask 255.0.0.0 Default Gateway 30.0.0.1 And now:
3. Configure RIPv2 on the routers
Router 1 Router 2
As you can see,to configure rip on each router,we enable enable RIP using router rip command then
advertise the networks directly connected to the router interfaces using network command.That’s all for RIP
configuration.
4. We’ll now verify RIP configuration.To verify that RIP is indeed advertising routes, we can use the show ip
route command on R1.
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
COMPUTER NETWORK
OSPF: 8.b Configuration of Open shortest Path First (OSPF) Algorithm : To construct multiple router networks and
understand the operation of OSPF Protocol.
Requirements
• Windows pc – 3 Nos
• CISCO Packet Tracer Software ( Student Version)
• 8 port switch – 3 No
• Router – 3 Nos
• Cat-5 LAN cable
Procedure
• Open the CISCO Packet tracer software.
• Drag and drop 5 pcs using End Device Icons on the left corner.
• Select 8 port switch from switch icon list in the left bottom corner.
• Select Routers and Give the IP address for serial ports of router and apply clock rate.
• Add HWIC -2T Peripheral to all routers, type CLI’s for all routers.
• Make the connections using Straight through Ethernet cables.
• Ping between PCs and observe the transfer of data packets in real and simulation mode.
Theory
The OSPF routing protocol has largely replaced the older Routing Information Protocol (RIP) in corporate networks.
Using OSPF, a router that learns of a change to a routing table (when it is reconfigured by network staff, for example)
or detects a change in the network immediately multicasts the information to all other OSPF hosts in the network so
they will all have the same routing table information. Unlike RIP, which requires routers to send the entire routing
table to neighbors every 30 seconds, OSPF sends only the part that has changed and only when a change has taken
place. When routes change -- sometimes due to equipment failure
-- the time it takes OSPF routers to find a new path between endpoints with no loops (which is called "open") and that
minimizes the length of the path is called the convergence time.
Commands to Configuring OSPF:
(config)# router ospf<process ID>
(config-router)# network<network ID><wildcard mask>area<area ID>
Implement the OSPF Single Area Network:
Step 1: Initialize the interface and host with IP addresses and default gateway respectively:
● Network topology consists of 3 Host, 3 Interfaces, and 3 switches
● HOST1: IP 192.168.1.2, Default gateway: 192.168.1.1
● HOST2: IP 192.168.2.2, Default gateway: 192.168.2.1
● HOST3: IP 192.168.3.2, Default gateway: 192.168.3.1
As we can see we have configured interface 1 (Router0) with Host 1 which is PC0 and the Serial port.
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
COMPUTER NETWORK
Step 2: Configuring the Interface 2 which is router1.
Step 3: Configuring the Interface 3 which is router2.
Now comes the main part now we have to configure the OSPF implementation:
Step 1: Configure the Router0 and create router OSPF1 and then add network id with wildcard mask.
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Step2: Configure the Router1 and create router OSPF 1 and then add network id with wildcard mask.
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Step 3: Configure the Router2 and create router OSPF 1 and then add network id with wildcard mask.
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
COMPUTER NETWORK
Router(config)#router ospf 1
Router(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#network 255.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Verifying the OSPF routing
OSPF shares routing information only with neighbors. We use the show ip ospf neighbor command to verify OSPF
neighbors. The following image shows the output of this command on R1.verify the OSPF configuration on all
routers. Send ping requests from PC to Server. If it gets replies, it verifies the OSPF configuration. We can also use the
tracert command to print the path the data packets take to reach the destination.
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
COMPUTER NETWORK
BGP: 8.c Configure BGP using packet tracer
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. It is described as a path vector protocol as
BGP does not use traditional IGP (OSPF, EIGRP, RIP) metrics, but makes routing decisions based on path, network
policies and/or rulesets. It maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among
autonomous systems (AS). Here three AS are there 1, 71 and 79 respectively. Configure accordingly using three
routers.
Step 1:Draw BGP Topology Diagram.
Step 2: Assign ip address on each device as mentioned in Diagram.
Step 3: bgp configuration on Router R1:
Step 4: bgp configuration on Router R2:
Step 5: bgp configuration on Router R3:
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
COMPUTER NETWORK
Step 6: bgp configuration Testing and troubleshooting.
Step 7: check bgp route on router R1:
Step 8: Check whether bgp protocols configure or not on Routre R1:
Step 9: Show BGP Status
Show bgp neighbors status:
Similarly we check bgp route on Router R2:
Similarly check bgp route on Router R3:
SANJEET KUMAR , ROLL : 7 , CSBS
