Racbobtltiy Distntbuliens. Sntnoduction dn oun nowmal Cconvewations the "Iam lthely to be out 4 Atolton'’, ‘I have a geod chonce 4 being felecked to the jee’ ebc. In We make statements Auch stokemens We ane nok Suie 9, the outcome but We fmtend to estimate the’ chances of Oust &tokements ead bowe . Padoabtitt :qves on erutght jon sush Heng “wa meth ical ney Qefiniions Enthomslive event: dn event consisting qi all the various possibilities 4 called an exhaustive event . Mut exclusive events: “Ilo wrt) move events ane fold bo be roukuolly exclusive tf the habb enin one event — pevent © the Senultheneoue tod \ che othevs. Examples = 1. Tn tossi a cm, jim head & 4ofl ane oul exchuscve —_ imview 4 the dock that 4 head uv the tun out , get toil “4 not © postilole . a. in enor a Cubical ‘dee’, qe 0) the 1, a3, 16 ame mutually 'exdbuive as the ‘hen out 94 rE ta ute out the posAtiotltty 4°} the tun out 4 othen mos bee) z Thde : ao Endebendent events: Tilo or) mone events ane aid to be tnolebendent 4 the haben: on monhabbening eo} one event does nok — buevent the happen @y non happening 4 the othens. 1 Examples : 1. When tnlo coms, ane bossed the event eee head i an &ndependent event O4 both the wins con tun out heals. . a. When a cord % dann at m%ondom from a fpach of 3a conds & the cond i meblaced, the newt of the second dra iu ind ent o} the fist - Buk iy the coud iu nok neplaced then © the nett of; the second depends on the sesulk Of the five dowd. Mathemobical (Patent) delinition of pawbabtltly - the outcome of a twtal Comiuks n exhaustive , roukually exclusive , county coses , of Which ™ them axe favourable Cases to an then the Pron ei the hafppeni 4 dhe event £, wsuoll denot by PlE) oy) simply pu dejned to be equiilly 40 mn. 9 of fonoutoble cases -) epee Pie) =P = mg °F possible cases 1 event FE, ie., the probability can akme@st be eqypol tot, the m2 Ff jovourable cases the TH * possilole wu can * oemost comude with each othen cowSince m COsy% one favourable to the event, ‘tt qellon ~s thak n-m) cases OnE not favounable to the event Thin sek of unjavousale evens %& denoked by E on g! probabtltty of the mon happening ay the event. ually denoted by 4 fee by n-™ n- = ™ 4° = wn) pte) = a = 1- B= 1 Pe) ie, gei- 21-P om) pra ed. Fquivolently pce) + PUB) 24. P uw oko he, yu to os the pradoobot lily of BUceess & oy Oo the paobobtlthy 4 Joilure : sRer fum i aluious equal to 4. Eo RCo tolled a June even’ & tY Pile) =O, Eb colled an tmpossille event . Enaombles : : 4a. The paolalotitty of geting a ‘head’ tn tossing of win Re possible outcomes ane head & tall. no op possible (exhaustive) Cases (mM) = & No o. forvousalole cases (MJ a4. Proboletltly cc qetng head (p) =m 2 n a. the poroloobotltty 4 When a cond & pack sa conds. No 4 possible (exhaustive) coser (n) = 5a RI geting, 0) Ving by King wor) quel drown ty sande from! wen @ no g povousoble cases (m)= 4 ” Puobobtltly of ren4 a hong (p= = a4 = vi 5a 1D heb © Ae 3 favorable Cases (m) = 444 28 Poobability 4 geting a m_ 8 - 4 if a (P)= mn 3 n 3a 3. he Ai a _pnebasay Cs quting @ a m0 qreaker than a. mo) an even np when a ‘die’ ix thnoun . Ne po-ssilole cones] oukcomes (mn) =6 . ©) No avounable oukcomes = (Mm) <4, Since 3,4,5,6 no’ one avousuble +o the event . Pooloaloe iby of qeeng a ne oe eater than ap) >< > 3 tb) Re Ne | govovsctle ouk comer im) = B+ Since 13,5} avouroble to the event. Probability 4 qaeng an odd w w+2e4 tw wl We have (P)> Bat, sme a,4,6 ane foro to the event . ols orem paced . + Addition peor actoatliky he padoobotltty a the hab pening, of eet equal to she exclusive events 14 ane } the other om events . powloalotliees of the tno gum oF the ie, Th A,B one two mutually exdusive even then , pla or 8) = PLA) + P(e) » Product Yaeerzer of Parplonlet ty Th corrouns event t% made up of a no oF endipendenk events, the pwsboletltty of the hebjening @D3" + the compound evenk ik equal to the product a * the paicbolotlities of the Endebendent events. &, Ty Aq B ane indebendent even then P(A and B) = PCAD- P(@). Random ~asinbbles Tn a gandom expeniment , oi a seal vartoble ix associated With ev oukcome then ik i Called a aandom esiable or) Stochastic vasiable. In othe Nord« Oo sandom vosiable 4 a function thok amigns a Reale inl) tom Beverd somnple — point in the sample Spoce 4 a nandom — experiment . Fandom variables one usually denoted by YB and ib may be noted — that dijjerent gandem voaiobles may be associated With the fame pornple space S- The Ack of al weal of of wondem esioble x is Called the eaale % xX - Ex: While tsi a com, Aubbose thak the value 4 vs associoked i the oukcome ‘head’ ond o jor pil’. We hove — the Aamble sbace . S-fu,t] 4 yx uw the gandom , variable then x(A)=1 and x(T) = Range 4 x=fo,\f fa: Gubbose a comm ww tossed twice, We shall ausocioke ewo — different nandom voniobles x, at clos phere We have the somple space S= fun, HTTH TTT Xeno of ‘heads in the outcome. iThe axsocakion of the elements im S to xX %W as follows : Ouk come Hid Random ~ Narioble x Tonge 4 x Suppose YY = re Out Come Hi Random =} variolble X o | Ronde a y Oiserde @ coninucut Random adom voriable take pre won contably colled a discrete mer Oa Nosiooles iobentbe no Volues then tk u Here countably injinite mandom voriable fguene neal «08. TE evident that a discrete gondom — Youusdole will hove puke (a) Countaboly infinite ot | a sandom yosiable takes non countable values then tu Collled a non discrete yoknite 78 gandom voridlole - Equivalently we Can | or) Continu0us | pou that , 4 the eo) a fandom -vartoble x vs an intewol seol 1p! then xX K A Gnkinuow andor variable . A continuous tandem Vasiable can - apaume ony value in the mtevol 4 veal vat. Example - 4. (@ “Bremg a com 4 Sbsering she outcome.PD-04 * (6) Tossing wins & Obrenving the no e heads tenons ub. ©) rrening a die & Cad the no on the {oe “Wiese ane 4ome o} the exprnples 4 a discrete sander variable . Enaomble - @: © Weight a} onticles . ) Obsering the pernter on O voltmeter. te) Conduding a survey on the lyfe 4 eleckic bulbs. Kee are fome 4 Vhe examples 4 a continuous aondom vasxcable Generally courting problems corbond to di aandom yoniable measuning problems lead to Conkinusus gandom vosiables. According to the cokeqony er the — nandern wartoble We hove two ipaecl 2, probability dishilouliens » Pecbobility pee & Decree probabikty diskrilo yy Jor each value -%, of 0 divcrete sandom variable xX, We assign a meol mo p(x) 3 Ww Plu) yo wo) > Pla) =I then the june” pin i called 0 probability ckion « pone Ty she puobabithy thot x take the volues %; 4A, then P(e eu) = Rw) PH) alicalled a ducrete We sek eb volues faz, Pad] uw discrete vandern (mite) — probalnility — distribukion the vortable xX. Re juncken P(x) is Called the probability dently Junchion “(p-d-t) or the fpreksbilily rans , funckion (p.m. f) “he dtkribubien func? fix) deferred by 2 = plxew® = POD, 2 beng on wokaer called the cumulalive ”'dulribulton quae (o-d-#) he definitions wean (@) & Vornce (e*) fe a general frequency dutstbukon . ie., x, LAG ot _ Lt Oia? DA - Lf, We can ow Hell define the mean G Yartance 0 the ducreke provobility dutibution. In thu cose pli) corresponds to f, & We hove DA =D PGi) =l Re meen G& variance 4 the ducrebe probotelty dutribukion is defied 04 plone - Twean (ft) = Lm pow —w Nartone (WV) = JF oy-p)*. pla) —& Standard deviation (~)= fT __ wy) Note : Nasiance can al4o be put in the jer | Y= 1? plw)- LE % play]?Bublens me >A com A sandom variable x ‘vrebreent is tossed bnice . Find the discrete the mo 0, heads — tumni Proboobilitey diatriloution fr x. Alo fend ila mean 4 NVoxiance - $2 [nh, ut, TH, TT]. che _gandom vartoble associakion of the elements 4 s to the x one “respective 2,1,1,0. Now, Poa) =, PLT) = py POT) aap, PUTT) = Dr= P (xX=0, te, noheod) = PCTT es P(x 21, it, 4 head) = PCT UTH) = Plur)+ PCT) = P(x =, ie, @ heads) = PCH) -£ he discrete Probobility diskribultion fr X vw a Jollows X sti O 1 a P (3) Ys. ty 4. We doserve that Plat)>0 & T Paes mean = = Ya: pla) = OF ees = | Variances Vie (ar-p)® pla) N= (on? b+ O-N7 be @-n?. &l- \ a hw We hove means | & Vartance etdistatbubkon toukion. Hence find 4nd p (z#)), ® Find the volue k 2 the dollon? inite puoloabtlety du geparesents a + ks mean & Atardasd = dawpinkion. Ako Plat) cay UP \< 148) Bee eee i K | an 3h ah | aK a an | | We must hove pia)vo fon ol 2 & Tpla)=1. he erat condition iz solahed | kzo 4 the second thot , condition requrees heaK+ one THE SK+ BK +H = | on 16€K=) he discrete | 4enite paoboloility distnibulion i% he +4 6 os Aolloni4- mt | -a -1 oO 1 a 3 a. aja fe | a} 2 jt Pin | 16 76 | 6 | 7 | 16 | 16 TVleon zp ya pt) a4 (-3-4-3 +0+3+4%+3) 20 Vorience. = V = 5 (2-}8)?. pla) =o (9464+ 340434849) = = 2 14 or) shu wed) Mean=0 & SDs [Hy AMO, p (wei) =P (3) + Pa) + PO) + ploy par= 2 ple) = ple) +pl3) = He p(-142 4a) = plo) + Pl) +pla) = 4 =® Show thot the jelloning dustailoukion represents a discrete psobabr ity disttibukion. Find the mean & Voriance Xu 40 a0 30 40 pix) a 2 3 L s 8 s S We observe that pix) >0 he all x4 DY play=r = 10+ 60+90+4-0 Mean =f = LD pla te es os % Vanionce = V = Tew= ps . per) = aaS-& vas Brag 34 sagt Ve ey = 14S hus Meon = as 4 Voriance = 75. 4) he — probobility —distmibution of & finite sandom voniable * i qin toy the pouoneng toble . We rast hove Looby didsubukion- “ SP =! nequires An F06=1 Kh eON Meon (1) =) % PR) = -0A-01 +0-8406+403 0-8 ay -a -1 o 1 oe Pla) ot K one ay oe ‘ Find the volue ape aera setae par yo & TE PmRI= fe" a | Vostionce (o-?) = ra PO,) - He TF? = (04 +O1+ 08+ 1a40.9) — (0-8)? = a6 Thus means0.g @ Yoriance = aby® A sandom variable x hos the jolloning probability jens” e vonious values of % ” oO \ a 3 4 Ss 6 + 2, Play oO hs aK AK BK « aw 4KFK © Find ki) Evoluake p(x <6), P(X%6) & P(a 1,8,3,-.- Wah plo =e - ( musmioen) by +t exvabluking e437 ZT Pla) = ‘ we) 5 ans fg ar] ; Ya a: 43. = 3 T= Pa) a2 ys pia) # O parobobiliky qunckon. . ye z $) Neat p(x beng an odd me) = 7 Pm ide gfe eo] = bforaronte] : Where a=%o » %> (42) ta ta Tg fl1. Ys 3 Ya a hie Por beeng an edd 20) = 3 > he eo 0 aandom yoxidble x= fi.0,2,...} & te fp Loaloilikips + x ane poxen) =e Where K =1,8,3)- Find the value oy A g P(0<%<3). We must hove J oPLx) =! na K ie, A. = ee wT! a 2 3 oa) A+ a+ Ante =] ie, (é-1) =1 wm ¢=as A= loq,@ PMO pl(o< x3) = P(x=1) + P(x =a) zag : Kt Fy Where r= leg.@ = a+ 2 “thus ploc x3) =lo ot & (19,2) ‘Kebeoked “Trail : ae ae experiment with only tho possible A 7 e cokegost a Auccess G oilune vs called owe re aT kl Luhere He pacenbtltty of Access : is fame fe eoch — taail. Bumoulli’s erence fp. warden experiment With only tule possible cok oeeeiaine paobabtltky of % AuccesseS inn trail we equal tM pha" * ihe p i the probobilby of sucess & Y 4 the Probobtitty of foilure .Binomial QOixtaibubion - 4 p «the probabtitty ol guceess & % UW the Paobabiitty 4 flure, the boob ability q % BUCCEen Ou fon tobls ques by P(x) s NM p qn hk We form the folloning probably distsilbubion 4 fx, poo] Where 2= 0,1,9)--. 7 * ° ! A eo n oe am MG Meg EF Te may be ebserved that the value of Pla) fox different volutes 12 0,1, d.---, n Ne the Successive binomial exbamion oF (4+P)” & gerne in the the Binomial accordingly — this dustsuloution w called Distsibuion = on Bermoullt Oubvibuken . nt TPAD = A MA Pe MGV pee Pe (4 NE Med Hence P(n) wo padoobility func. srywon & ondesd — Deytabion af the BEpemiel Dighibulion mean (PL) = 57 pls nO Saat | Be So ay) UL on-%2 ontm=! a na 7x ene n (n-i! 6 part ofact) == ant yr, C=) [@-)-a-1! ¢ n -1 (-) Pp (n-)- (x-1) Y c nP ust (x1) be enp (4+P)""! 2 np Mean (p) =1p Voane a a osfance (V) =) x? p(a)- po — 150 n n Now yo pid = [x (a) + PD m=O 10 _ n EE (x=) P (2) + YD HPLM 120 m20 5 : Ya yc, pa” * np 120 n n} an-b _) —— n 2 7 4G DF iyeneny ie 4 +™P yw=0 : x emer, na)? p® pt? gt" CeEEme = -)! eo (u-&)} (n-1)! 4-2 (n-a) -(2-2) a +n a (ns! P = 1) p? a mend p? Day) fen-a)- (a9)! wea ome (n-2)-(2-2) +p n = n(n-1)p* y 0-%_ ta G-9) | =nin-1) p? (+ py 4 mp i"Tv’ p i) =nt-) pox np ve . Usi nq thie Aeulk im cy along With pp=np We have Naniance Cv). = fnem-np?enpy — (mp)? = v®p?— np? ? \ Pes ap —n¥p? = mp (i-p) = np4 Wence Variance (v) = npy 5.0) = WV =Japq hus We have. fer the Binomial Oixbibukien ma , fan (A) =mp GS-0 (@) = Vapa” Besson Outsibukion Poisson distwibulion 14 the binerntal ded os the limite mM dustrioukion When 1 % wee e (n+) & p the pacbabot itty 4 suceess v (p70) 0 wok ™P tends to & yo vou Amal Ay m contont wt é™ Pin = — x! Meon 4 Standond Devigkion of athe Poisson Distribution mMeon (#1) = fe PO) an A eae a a mte™ Dar (a-5! =0 “ - um Bom vate ay oe)! - 2 3 née fe BS]Sone ae =mée. 2 om & em Mean (jt) =m Nastiance ( O 7 ye xe 2A0 yu Pood -p O) ni ye r on! Ya? pla) = aa (2-0 aed mig™ nu! = mit e™ ic 1” *Eo ~! V8 pwr = mee” oP i (%=2)! =m 2 sme" is A a ae : jem 2M om eme e+m Using thy resele iO) along Noetance (V) emf+m- (m)e em D p(w) eV¥ eI ofhus We hove fom the Potsson distribution men (pe m4 $06) = im thok the mean & Yaniance ae Fisuhen He con 4 equal lon the PoLss Wh poem We hove, fon distrioulion -Paces > Find the benomfal & Yorionce 473. binomtal diskoibulion mean =P & paobobility distgiloukion Which hos | men & WKT fom the Voatance =P4 - lence mp2 a 4 7PY* by WAR Fisthes 89> 73 wor) 2 % Since Pea, We hove n()=a 16 Fe binomial probability junckion pix) = Mc, Pea becomes pind = &, )" (sl * We distnibulion 4 acbobilttes uw Oo follows. the dota PHl-%aty 1h pe ° I! 2 3 way | taar’l , dar lam™ | %aCaPerye | &a(F A)" De e ay")? | lO) | Ua)! a) When a com tossed 4 bene, dnd the probability of jeteeng G) exo ome head Cé)atmose 3 heads wa) akleose 2 heads . P = plH) ag 705, O05 3; nN=4 Wat the pawbobotltty oy 2 successes ouk of 7 trfals eo n=% we gee by Pind = Me, P°a) ti) PCL head) = P (a=!) = fc, (0:5) (0.5)? =0.a5 Gi P (obmost 3 heads) = P(r=0)-+ Pla=1)+P (1-0) +PI7= 2) = Ac, (0:5) (0. 8)" + 4c (0-8)' 9)? +4q 00. 5)°(0.9) + £0 5105)"(o.5)* +4464 4) =0-9395 wi) P (akleost 2 heads) = I> [P(x=0) +P (a=rJ 2 1- [loo + 2 “the — paobobtlity thok 4 live upto qo 4 0-69. thok out Gh Will tc, (0.5)(0-8)?] = 06815 pewon aged 60 WWhok uw he lo pewons aged 60 live upto —0. le wv be the no of pewoms aged 60 Hee live upto FO yeors. ‘t vr this eons Well provobilty cose F them vootoke We have by data p= 06s: q 2035 Comiden Pi) We Hence Ne pt aw, Hence n= 10 have 40 find Piura. 2 G = Pla) +P (8) + PLA) + PLO) = 100 (0-68)? (0-38) + 4 ven boy 12g, ores)" (0-35) 4 ee IO, (0-65) (0-35) 1: 10 4 (0-69) - But 10 lo. 109-3 ci 7 Cc, = = 180 3 1. 210 10: * 3 13 aos Mee hCa* a *F3 10 -O - Co, in = lO Hence P(%7 4) =0- 9198 ee 4 the 12 Ff tele} phone lines bouay ak an frstont a time ts a binomial voniate with probobility 0-1 thok a line 4s _ Ib wo lines ome Chosen ab sondum, Lihat the probability thak lino tw) all line ts busy jnes ome lousy wii) atleast one Line U% busy ww) akmose 8 lines) ane busy - ¢ de % denote the 19 of telebhone Lines busy - For this voifake He have by data, =Peo-l ; %4=\l-p=04 Alo nzi0 hle hove - Lp nek 4 p(mr="e, Poy 2 cl (o1" (ay (a Pacboobilily thok no line & fousy = PlO) = (0:9) = 063469 tii) Paccoboiliky dhot all lines Gre ousy = Plo) = (0.1) wi) Probobili thot oblease one line & busty =\- Puwloabbt lly 4 no une % lousy = |= PlO) = 1-0-3484 = 06919 wv) ‘Pacloatctithy thok abmost & lines ane ous = Plo) + Pl ) + Pla) = (0-9) + eo, Conn)! (0:97 + cy (o°04)* 2 0.9098. aa S Tr a gut, conbesk of Onnieni “Yes! or ‘No’ what is the — probability 0} qu atlease 6 arsnew connect ouk of 10 questions © Oshed 9 Also ind the probability } the 4ame if thene ane 4 optiom a jommeck en. je % denote the Comeck anner & We hove wn the fers cose, PeYo 4 4° Ya Pim =e, prar™ . ce Ua)" (5) 1c + Yeo i Ah We hove to find P (x76) ce + 4 +c. 386 + 44g +104!) = 20-877 B\0 +180 =F Os 2; ( Pg shu, Pp (17 6) 2 03tF-Ih the second cose hen there one options Pye; 4% 3 N=10 Pix) = 10 y\% 10-2 lo-2 10 q (%) (Y%a.) = oT [3 : c,] Hence P (x76) = p(6) + Plz) + PLB) + PL4) + Pio) op [3 cg + 3 Pej + BP Peg+ 3:'%c,+ Po] = 15 [81 x a0 + a4 x 1204 9% 45 + 3x10 +1] = 0-019 e The P(ay 6) = 0.0478 0.08, 6 4} the mean g — standasd devtolion of the me correctly arunened question im a best given to 4096 Akudents ane aS & {re95. Find an estimate of the no 9 Gundidoles aruneni Conectly GS On more questions Wi @ Less Wi) 5B Questions. Ie hove raeon (b) =mp & 5D(o) = fapy for 2 binomial a oa ap-a.3 4 Inpy = {85 Hence We hove 54 21-895 7. Q = 0-455 pein gods We hove (oa5)N =a-5 -. N=10 corvectlir answered questions. ov) MPY = Sao since TP =O te the mM OF Leo dows ee = pin = Me, prar™ = Po (4)™ (34) ex pore te [Pex wa)" ] needed al 4096 Students since the eslimmoke pie hove pone (i) . a ie, 37] gone Pin = “mar [PCm a® 10 = _ ve, 4096 PIX) = gle, [cq (2) J = fo vay |i) We have to fn4 £(8) + £04) + £L00) et [Wey - e+ Pag. oat | age -_- 10, . 10, * ase [a gt 3 +i) - +. (436) = 1903 wa. 256 No of Budenks conrecdlay amnleung 3 rt) more questo bw a, la) We hove to find f(a) +40) + £0) f 10 8 = cg B+ P43” 56 = (45+30+9) = 3° (84) =9159.8 gal5d. ase a56 No q — skudents coneclly ansnenng & on les than 2163 « ag gquetiom us Wi) Le hove 40 ee £15) 1 Pc, 3] = a39-a = a3d. Prager ansniening 5 queslions 4 024. ne 4 areal comend > In 800 families ith = chtldren each dow amis Would be enpecked to have 1 3 boys Ww) so qe lu) ether @ oF 3 tw) almost & Git bi pxsuening _prokobilikies for bow que be eopal « P= Pucbobily } po a boy = 4 = Pooboboility of oa a get =¢ Lee % denote the 19 4 bays in the fornily —_—___—Pp 27 eS eo) GQ px ~ Where n=5. be = Ah 5- Px) = Sc, (a) (Ys) x as Be, 2 Cy 38. Since We have +o dnd ‘ thi aaa forse hle have @ exbecked ne in -respeck 4 5 goo P(z) = goo. —<% = a5-%c, = : ) = 800 3a = ao. °C, fay Yap (G) WWe hove to 4nd $(3) $13) = as. Fc, = @5x10 =a50. Rabecked my OF hae hith 3 boys ue aso, ti) We hove +o ¥re £(0) i: flo) = as. 8c, = asx1 = a9 Erected no 4 icc With © qe uw &. to pnd +4) Wi) We have = 50-5C, = 50x10 = 500. = as: 5, + a5 ec Eapaled 2 4 fomnilies pith & or 3 boys is 900. av) Ak most & qe means thal , ‘lies con have | 5 boys & 0 gee wr 4 ae gt qs o 3 boys § a girh. ' Hence We hove 40 fond f(s) +f (4) 4 413) . 5 3 Pe = a5. ce. + ad 4 + aS 3 as (1+ 5 +10) = A5x16 = 400 ilies With akmost a qi is 400. Expecked me 9 rs® Fie dice wese thaown 9% times’ & the 12 OL Limes an odd no tusned ouk in the Experiment Fit a binomial ' didsilbution to this ie & caleullie” the eabecked frequencies. No. Ai dice shonteng ° 1 a 3 4 5 lor "3 or @ Observed freauensy \ 10 84 358 P= Probability a qe doo Zor 5 = “Qs oO rn . a Here Leb ~ denote the no o kmes on cE no free Pay = Mc, P42 theme n= tence POD * Fe, (5) (a) ™ = 4 Fe, “thi the binornial proleability —diutmiloution function. Since & dice Wene thon 96 Lrmes, expecked freqpences cae cblorned fom fla) = 96 Pa Whee 170, 1,2, 3,45 cComiden F000) = 96- 3 °c, = BF, dtence #10) =3. 8c) 3 ) £002 3.8 sax5 219 Fl81 = 3. 5c,2 3x1 =30 ; #B)= 3: %,= 3x10 =30 FU) #390 2 3x5 215 5 FS) = 3. Beg = Bx = 3 “Re eapecked (theorebical) (eyrae CHE 3,15, 30,30 15,5. times thi 1 a A coms One tossed 100 & the fo lowing sresules ple obtained - Fik oO binomftal distribution fer the “dake colculoke the — theovetecal jnequencies. ne 4 heads o 1 a 3 4 Frequency 5 aq 36 ao s Lee x denoke the no a heads § £ the correspond: Forequency « Since the data is in the form 4 4 jrequen4ydutribulion We shall pe Coleulote te mean. Lhex $89 4+4R4F5+90 196 Mean (pf) 2 SA = = Me. = 146 Let 100 Bul snp fer the binomial disktibubkion. Here n=4 Hence 4p = 196 © p= 0-44 “OF 1-p = 0-8) Binomid distaibution probability quae’ is qn by Pla) = Me, P|™™ Ae, (0-4.0)* (0.51)** Gince 4 coms wee ossed 100 Lemes, expected ( theerelical) frequences one Cbtoined no FOO = 100P 0) = 100 *c, (0:49) (0.61% * Whee %20,1,2,3,4. Flo) = wo (o-s1)* = 6-465 By "FQ) = F(a) = 100+ #c, (0-49) (0-51)? = 4.00 (0-44) (0-51)? =AF499 8 26 100 - * (0-4-4) (0-51)9 = 600 (0-49)? (0-51) 2 = 34.4.4 & 37 F(3) = 100+ ¥cq(0-49)? (0-1) = 4.00 (0-49) (0-51) “= 24-0004 ob a4 F(A) = 100- fc, Lo-aay* = 100 (0:49)* = 5365 26 hus the gequired theoretical jrequen aes One 4,6, 34,24,6, >A Lok Contam Ay of daecive flems. Whak should be the no (1) 4 ikem in O random sample 40 the | pacloaboility 4 finding obleast one defective un ck & obleast ots 7 La p be the Probability oy efecteve kem . doko pei% 001 ~ %=0-99 sha denotes a defective elem, Pray = Mey P™YT™ = My (0-01)* (0.99) We need to find 7 atthe probobility 4 yondeng oblease one delecve & 045. { ie, bo find naPlayxi) 7 0s ie I p(e21) 2 OFT ie, 1 PO) 2 OT ce. » 0-99)" Equivalently We have tog (085) Ym log (0-99) by g M8). 134.9035 n '= (0-99)" 2 0.49 ©) Os log (0-99) Hence the required n it 136, W) Fie a — porssori distnibution for the folloung dota & calculate the theorekicol Joequencies: Dre ° 1 2 3 4 f 19a 60 IS a \ We Aral fret comipuke the menn (J) q the green diailoulion. Yta 04 604+ 20+ 64 4 y= TP St earner) We have mean (perm for the poison dustabulion, ste Powson distsulbukion em, prays ME ag lek fl1) = B00. Pix) a 5 Lg) soe 7 te, FO) = 800- aes But & 3 0.6065. (o.5)™ x1 ve f(a) = 181-3 Pang 120, 1,8,3,4 in FO) We obtain the theorelical frequencies re ane a4 jollons. (0-5? (0.5)! - a3 oP os 1G), 1a 2 61, IS “Bay ws, +3 (0:5)? 0-9. wd OE a Lad oer 40 hus the required theorelical frequencies one 141,61 5130‘> The mg accidents ina yeon to tant daivers in o city follows a Poisson disgiloukion With meon 3, Out 1000 gone dives find obpaorimately the qe of the dawen With G) no accislent im a Yeon - fi) more than 3 acudents tn Oo yor By dota, meon (1) =3 4 We hove for the Powsson ditsiloution pem=3. “We Poisson distribukion 4 quien by piay ee eh x Em a! Lee $(2 = 1000 Pin) u 53 $0) = 1000 SE? = go. SX sine? = 0.05 x! UU 0 ® no 4 AVE With no accident in a yea = £10) =80- ; = 50 o! 8) Raoboobility o) more than 3 accidents in Oyeons 1p (283) ie., = l- [Pto) + PLi) + Pla) + P(2)] -1-[ 53/322 1 2 3 '- [2°(S+ He He Sr) ze [o-05 0 HOF Oe T+4- 5)] = 0.38 he doves out yes With more thon 3 accidents in Qa yon = 1000x 0-39= 350. Day the Juses manujackured by a firm one found lo be dejeckve . Find the probaboility dhok a box containing ago jue Contos tt) NO detective {uses (i) 3 or more defective fuses P= Probability of @ deferkive fuse = Boo 20:08 mean no of defectives JL=M=np = a00x0:08 24 Re Powson diksribution is qeen by poy. ME ge* sh x we, Ply = S Buk €° = 0-013 P(2) = 0-0834 we utw Pacoobility 4 no ae use = PCO) = 0.0183 oo) Pacoability 4 3 lor) More, dlegeckive fuses = 1~ [pis pu) + Plar] 2 = 1~ oof y 4, 2 Wy" a! = 1-0-0193 (1+4+49) 4% O-FEA). a 4 A communication channel sneceiver indeporclent lela * sole ob Ig pulses per mero second The probobikty pormission emmor i 0-001 {ow eoch micw second. Compute the — probabilities % GW) no estoy dust a mito second Wid One wor per TruUIo Aecond (ii) atleast one emor per rmietio Second (Ww) Enlo ermors wv) akmask tho eanore. Mean no of wswors in one mio second . = =M= 1&x0-001 =0-018 un buen &% PLx) mem fl H i ion e “he Poisson distoul 7 <0-01a (0-014)% ie, PIM = E aT be 0-018 iy Plo) = 0 9BGO¥a = PLD = @ x 0-018 = O-Ol86 GE) Probability atleast one evtor = 1-Ptoy = ere _ ponasl WwW) play = er (o-01a)® =O a) ©0007) wy Pacbobiliiy of akmost tHlo eens = PlO) + PUd+PLa) <0" 2 : 8] + 0-01as oe] a = 0-99994 I.‘DA prob hos a disel generokor seks blhich ib lures) ex. doy. she demand fpr % fet on on Oveage % a poisson vowoke With value a. obtain the Poulbaloitity tok om oa poskiculos Wow i) ehene Hos mo deren) fa demand had to be reused. By dota om = mean demand ier a qusaio == ae a Poisson diutmilbulion uw qnen by Pix) = meng 5 ass ) No demand aoe a Generator. We have bo pend Plo) PO) = 67 _o gargs “ 4 oaae hod 40 be ee there should hove been 0 demand for ™or qeneralors « We hove b +n P (x >4) Pla>4) =1-p(1re44) = 1— [Plo + PLD + PLO) + PL) +PLay] 2 3 eeneuie [iease as} + a8) ter | anu = PL %> 4) = 0-10 8888- 12 We probability thot o mews reader tommits wo enkoke in reading the news i¢ Ye Find the proboobilt thot on a pasticulan ments bwadcast he commits. uy Only & mistakes G) more than 2 mistohes ii) akmost 3 mutohe .° Shs NO eae vosiake 9' P(t= 8) = 9P(q=4)4-90P (0-6), Compute the eon & vasiance o the Poisson distribution 45m We have Pay = G by wing the doka se have , am 45m sm 6 Me sg me, 9 oT al 41 61 i ie 9 ye tes Dt 10 a > a ™ + 4a0 t a eo Bat ere erg mM rem & iamsem A 4 ie AE am 4 20 ©) (1) (+4) =0 Met! , m= tai. Meglecking the imagino"y Volue qm & rrothing hol in a Poisson distribution mean 4 vaniance ane equal tom Wlehove, mean = voniance <1 , baer the posilive yolue . 18) rove athe jpltoning meccusmence. relation for a Posson distribution Pia+!) = a POD m”* @™ =) We hove P(1) = Sad — ww ae Pius ™ e™ (wri)! _ mem e™ rte! Plariy =m, we™ mH aT ™ Pm by wing a 7 GK! hus Plur) = M Pid mr =Continuous Fewkobtlt Distsibulion 4 fon ev x belonging to the songe a conkinuows Standom ots! Xx, We dake a seal ‘no Leo okay whe conditions 4 o > FO)70 4 ftoode Fl, -” then fis called «=a Conbenuous paobobility juncaon oo Parcbability dewsity fanckion (p.d.f) $$ (a,b) wo Aubinverval 0} the the probability that 2° Weer im Cob) ih defined to be the interval of fi WW 2 Gb. ie, b P(azueb) = ( #ooda —u) a Cumplokve diskgaaubion junckien. Sox i4 Conbinmows nandom vosiable With probability dora fur? FO shen ea func? (2) defined by Fins P(x 42) = f fdr — @) A tolled the cumulative distatibubion june? (c.d.4) q x je space | x then is Te uw evident Jaom 1 thak Flu) = P(xex) = PEmsxex) & 4 [rey = fia JL should be noted that the Prctaotiby of a continuous om vYouiolole tohing a porkiutor Value is zesus plheneos the probability thak it take Values in an imtewal is positive quonkey. v eal on we ony weal no thn Paza) = (food1 —) 4 Oo P (te) = IH P(XAA ie, P(E) FI- fiw dx —(4 n iaMean € vosiance Hox wa contiruows mondom vosiable With probability denwity june” fia) Where -m<1+, the mean (1) ov expectakon E(x) & the vaniance (o?) 4 Ste deprmed “ Se “a Mean (4) = fx tiods — 6) / -A / ey Nastiance (69) = f (x—p®. panda — ©) -~ We now Pntmeduce Luo Conkrous peobability named the — Exbonenttal dlttibukion § the Exboverial Qisteutoulsen. Whe conkruous pacboaloiliky dishouloukion howeng the parchability dervity fume? $o0 geven by fw) = oes for %>0 o othe , Where x70 diskvfloubions normal distribulims is knowin as the exbonential distotiloukion ENdenty fio 70 4 We hove {#0 dx gnu” fae a ee of S] = -(0-!) =] a o sw Ste h =I $0 sobiayy both the condikions eguaes ir a Continuous pasate jen’ / pacboaloility dlerwily fune?."Mean & Standosd Dustokion 4 the Exbonential Qutribulion, Meoe (0) “he Far de = ie wey. = Ls x fa enn dx 0 Ppplying Bernoulli's Sule 4 vnegnakion be ports He hone, Le ext gabe * «fe (fz )-1- (Si) oO (Hue WE*_,0 ow 19m by ok Hospital's ule) we wlo- 35 fo-n) sys ae = Voniance (o*) = funy’. #0) dx -n » Care of (x-p9* ea Aplyins Bernoulli's gule We have, Z ext et en o* 2 aa hy: (& )- 8-19: (Sa)+9- Sa), - «[z §o-u2t — & fo- Cw} - 4 to-1] a} Q en = «|e ~ a i “3 Buk fh = /y a 4, a oT" = of le wt =| B a Hence o=t rus fox the exbonentéal dulauloukion Mean (MW) =e 5 50 @)=FNowwal Qiseaibuiion continuous parotoobot ity distailoukion having the prcbobilty We desvsity fane® fan given by f= g Glas? oljar Whee — noamal Svibubatiom —mepen & 7 >0 % hmonn a the Eni dently (0) 70 nw f tt da = ot oar or) weep + faok , We hove dxu=Jardt a 2 [ go 1957 by -o Hh rie al Pung t= E oko vous fom -m to w 2 \ yao de \ a nm Hence (¢ta) du = — f@ J om J° 0 ie, ea me [finda “ae ale de pe fsa . Te fe dé = ci by gemma. fue a .iT 24 . nw vo [amas *f-o Ths ft) mepaesents pswbabilitey density fune?. * Meon & Srondoad Qevioion of o Normal duskesloukiom. Mean ([L) = foe Fear de -a“ ~ eae a Xd Putting ee uh O) pa +TBok, Wehove dt=la odePo-c4 L also vanes {aom - 0 to 0 _ — “2 eo for aw feot)ée! Yeo db o lait a fl 4 ner : fe fedre iY ue db a a Mean = Pe tL + -e iG a be an Here Le second imtegnal i 7010 by a Atandosid propert sovee td yon odd | hae i Hee, mM _ ok TE = 7 ee eae 2 “hus mean = =p con poy grok the mean of the normal di the gine distoiloution. dence We is-aioution is equal +e the mean of an Noniance(©*) = femtien du a a git Hy %/ac-* je faz [o =H) dt Substituting be reel We have as in the eanlier case, Vosionce. 1% 3 u s an com facta” aod -w 2 eae? (ase OF wer dt - tea ee a _= = fe (ave Fy dt war fuydkt = u foal (5 vot udeTok, ng u=t, v= ane! & mothing that frat =e EE error hore’. wane TE fe cea" Petia) 00 Yostiance = a fo +fe def _ ac? fr. a a > a6. > “Rus yosiance = v8. | Hence We can oy thok the veronce /5.D 0} the normal . distwibution is equal’ to the Yostance/ 5.0 of the que distriloukion. Standod — Nowmol Quintet We hove p(aexéb) = frend a In the case _ moan! disladbukion We have , Plaéxeb) = sae Je W/ac® yy —w he tnteguel im the Rus ob this eg? canmot be eva oked by t a Loy. the methods o integration & ble have to empl ae ue. oa aalion pihich becomes tedtous . . beeen Aken of puondadiolion & the some &% ak follon! ce ad _ ho Zz AP or) Ueto We hove dusodz Pub PS ak 4 Zz as be the values q corvepond pe 2,2 2t OS . lo asa & ash. “the tnbegual im au) assumes the yn = yellowing em ta 3 p(asreb)= te f a*/8 Jy hy Za Hence, P (ag 2eb) =P (2,2 ¥*%q) =e fetse _ta) 2, By l Ty Fa) de 27 (standoxd normal probability dersihy fue”), =tL moy be observed thak thu u% game as the pd. ¢ of the woamal diskaibution wlth =o & a =!- hus ple can soy. thal: the roamal — paobalofltty density june? with pro @oaliv the Atandoad mnoamal pacloobility derviky lune”. Z= cae 7 called ghe fkandosd nosmnal yoaiake (6.N.v) & Fle) us called the,noamal cuave Which ik s' mmetsical abouk the line eso. The Cunve is at follonis. a ° FZ she | tnt J im the RHS a v 4 @) qrometcally esenbs the anea bound by the Akandexd normal oe b/w Z=%, G E=Zq_. Fusther im posticulan {} Z,s0 wle have = -L(.? Visas ete y, axea under the shondand normal hw snebrreserrt the Z=0 0k cuanve from be — A (=) alo devoted by BLE) siébrosents the omen (shaded porkon) os shonin im the sequee- Since the total area % 1, the anea on einen side 4 io fy We bis =Pucblenu > Find bWhich the 4 duncnckions “wa pacbabilaty dese fun? W fae a ones (wa fatwa) e221 ° othennise oO othewise BF (ay= jm » 141 wr, (2)= soe ae ; "shen pene ds 1a Condikions fon a P.d-# ane 4970 & (#odrey. a w Cleosley £00 20 Jao “| fi dx “fan Ane fay! =| “fla wa Pd€. Whe qe junction can be ninitton in the form. _ j8% , -1 <2x%<0 fac = fn bee ° otherwise Th -14220, fg(ay= ar uv lex than xo. ' 1 isthe] ttoda = fonda = [2°] =0 a zi = Both the Conditiom ane nok Aotisfied | o- fg(x) ie nok O Pdf. wa) ENi £,(%) = 12170 wa) ar at ffs= JF,cayda= fied dx -o ni af He -\e21<0 Buk Ia) = a 42, 04261wo 6 ' Pr a f tytaydx = f-a da+ Juda -0 - ° 240 --[F], + 24,0) «oa Pdf Ww) the qaen function #.) =anro om 02221 Buk fo =4 4% i6 negative in lexea he jim Condition is nok fotsfied . SA) wo nok O Pdf, ® FF ' +c , 0£243 Fd te vat of a = MA ee, io ebewhene. Pho find P (le nea) 0 f(a) 20 4 €%0 5 AK He rmust hove fevoda- 3 ie, § (Bac)dx = oO ; ° oa [%e+c2] 0 %, 2B 43ce1 « c= a -00 ae 1a a Nol P(exea) = Seca da Ve std a a - fe 2 - [f+ ral = dglle+ay- Gan] ¥5 hu PUiere a) 2/34,0LNS3 uo pdf > Find the comtant % 9° £(0) = © othennlie Wi) Plaei) wid P(%> Ao compute W) P(lenea) Ww) Mean = (v)_ Vostiance fONz20 4 KO. Ako We must hove, feos «1 -» i Twa? da = ° 33 ie, [Je OH) OK =) 0 i) PUen =feoos «f x2 tw) Pe2 = ets = 8 Ca) Poe =f ted fz do = (3 i oO alo WY) Mean =p = fe fardr = wv) Vostiance = “Leen - 0H? ) [ea v-[z]-# Pu B1., 81-31. Bs DF 15 16 &40 $0 O Sy [ateta. d ep poke oft met e-O: D> Te the plowing jen” a density jus? 400) = ie ae Oo, 2e0 42. dekexmine the pmobability thal the voriake faving shu denuily Lill fot in the Entewal (1,8), We Observe Harpo. ley We ynust have froode: 1. 0 f#eods : ficos + fra dr -~ -0 ° ‘a ~ | -o+ fete = Le*), = Hence 2(2) iw O puobability density yor -(0-1)=1 Po-18 4i his density will i the voatake having 4 ah abikty thok ss i aca (1, a) & +0 combuke pliers 8) al m v puerear= ftmda = -[a*]" = - (~e') shu puenea) = fe ~ aa) = 0 8988- 6 A sandom vonidble ~% has the jotening denuke, pune? Pix) = fe , 3 4%83 elbebhenre aon it Gi oa] Fvaluole 4 & find G) PClenea) li) Pix ea) Wi) pla PID*o Keo & ako We must have Trang =) s -O ie-y Jwa%de = | -3 oo TH) Ly ek (% FL Brag 3 . - = = a (g-)- w ptevear= [ 2 da= [3] -& (3-1) a is (8+ 84) = aa : a ‘ x w Plasad= [ay Bdu= [3 leg -3 3 7 r_373 Gi Pla>n= {7g 2%da = [8] : syle 28-13 \ 1 D Find the cd-# for the qplloweng pd-¢ of a %andom Nostiolole % . -y coe 6u-6x%, ove: Wi) fiqys J HE pene o ° othennise tui) Eabonential distaibukion . io otheuise ~ . » Ty foo & the ped. £ then the cdf = Finr= f fen da - 0 JG) Fla = Treo da = Seen du+ fre da -A 7 = OF Ftends 6 rims a Ftd = {jx 622)das [sx?- ar8]*= 98-2? 6 , 2 Cd f = 3x8 and 4 Oenel. Ge) Ee 2 Te ale (~) Jee da s¥a Hore 1 ~£o yy. SL -4 [x “Ya Yu I, = Lalneo)-4 (ey cod-t 21-67% (4a) 7", yy oreo mat W) £( = oft 0 t -p< xem. Pekemmine & & hence evaluate lee Gr Plazo) wid Ploexe) W The pilomekae oun (in thowonds of k-ms) Leth out Sorc lolem fn select 0) g certain vehicle u a xondom vosiolle hawng: at ae ewe fix) = ) 40 120 0 1420 Find the paobability thot the vehfele ts bnouble fare . yy gblease r ‘aso00 Kms it) aLMosE ir 85000 I4.ms w> bw 6000 +0 Banoo K.™M - Here 1 ue the gandom — vonidole sepresenting kilomekre in multiples a tooo sunancling Eooulle face sun by the vehicle ®) fire P (a 7%as) P(X% a5) = 1-P (ne a5) as 4) =)- Bieri) fas eda 0P(xz as) = 00-5353 To fend Pins as) P(x TS find Pls 2x20) 3a P (ie sz = 3a) = lifes Yao zoe d 16 * 3a - =i = [ew J a Ae + Bua - Ples2x1£38) = 0-aal. > Tp 2% an exponenttal ryoatoke with meon 3 pe a ple Wi) Plte 3) he Pd *. the exponential distaitoukion ix given by f= {xe , 04ne 0 0 othenive Fe mean of thu duteioukion is given toy Yo By joka, mean == 3 aly Ls pene - J? , Hence $(%) 2 ae wo Piazn ela By zI- fend : -[sé a? dae ae [e*)! = = 68 o - Play") = e7 = 0-164() piqe 2) = [feo de oO 3 lay Ab)” = fede -- [eh 20-6341 2i- 1 é - P(e 3) = 0-638! | 13> Ty 1% an e%ponential Vosioke with mean 3, evaluate . Ga P(oete1) WG) PLwere1) GP (T=O % 221) 4) : \4) The Aales per doy mm a shop i exbomentinlly, dutsibubed with the average gale amounting to Rs. 100 @ net Pritt is x. Find the pacbabiliky thot the met prop exceeds Rs. 30 on tWo Comsecubive 7 Jet % be the aandom vonidble 0] the fale in the shop eincee % KK an exponential vyooioke the pdf f(x) = nn 170 Mean = 77 =100 ©. &=4oo9 =O! Hence £(%) = 0-01 et tec) Let A be the amount for Whith prope 4 97 > AB = 30 - A= 3 Pooloaleilite | probit a Rs.3o is equal to I- Patol (Prope < &.30)PD-15 = 1— Prob (Soles & Rs 375) e a5 ale io on £2! de 214 [2°] ger ° ake ‘ : lay 7 Tey thok progit exceeds Rs.30 on O angle “thus the feo tha ik sebeaker ov the detioneng i Soa -345 7-5 * e e @° =0-00055 1S Th a ceakain town the dusokion i] a show u exponen dutoibubed with mean 9 minuler- IWhak & the paobaloility tho: a fhowen Will lost for’ ©) iO minutes or more (i) Les than 10 minubes Wid bl 10 & 1a rminukes- he pes 4 the enfponenal disknilbution ee oy F(x) = a & the mean = ose. oo sb & hence flay= 4 evs wn -x o wo w) plex = ys So dae- (E"7] pla? 10) =~ O- 2?) = 6% 201353 wi) P (x4 10) -f +: ge ee ree” 0 P(az10) = — ¢e@ Wi) Plloe%e 1a) = 4 oe ere &? = 0.8647 evs 12 du =--Jevs re), Ploex» Teerden or [fends + [eae 2s shee wesulkx in the eqprvalt fren ane oA follows. vd pms zs w) =) ©) PCmsz=20)=% ) Ploszsm) (or) PIZ7O)=% po P(-m a) = P(Z70) — Ploe Z<%y) ie, p(27¥%9) =0-5-$(%.) —&) > Envoluote the lowing, probabilities with -the help 4 snoxmol probability taloles . GO) P (EP 0-85) WG) P Clé6teRz20.88) Wi) p (%4 -a-43) WW) P(e) £1.94) w P(z7085) = P( #70) — P (2 £0.85) = OF — > (0-5) = 05 ~0-3083 = 0-1097 PB 0-85) = 0-197vi) PD- 16 “) P(-164 <2 Z <099) By Ayermetiuy , P (“64 222 -088)= (099 < 21.64) P(-164 © 2 £-088) = p(o 4 ¥21-64)-Plv AP (0s =< }.44) = 29 (144) = 9 (0. 4939) = 0-44-46 PUZlS 194) = 9.9476, _ ; ommoal voaiake with meon 30 G sp 5 ® Th 2 ik a mm bs ta at tt a) &sX%S40 ti) 2246 We hove 4tandord noma vasiake (6.n.y) z= %H _%-30 ) ya Pp (@6 Trai Mosmaly distrtbuked ith mean 1a & 3.04, {ind the folloning . i) P (x7 ao) Gi) P(x a0) UH _ X-1a We hove S$n-Y x= SS = a Ty “780, z-a | Ile hove +o find P( #28) | Pczeay Now P(%% a) = PCE 70) - P(z “The mosis Cree grudenk im an exominobion folloia’s a moamal distoiloution with mean +O & vnndad deviokion s. Find the a2 oF Baudents Whose may willl be G) le& than 65 ~~ Wi) more then 4S tdi) b/w 65 ee Le = % sepreseris the moss of Budenk . Be Sy doko eq ot 5 ee pny ee HS GW) Ty Us 6S, wer] g We have to fend elee-') P(e <-1) = Ple?) > p(zz 0) — Plo< <1) = 0-5 —(1) = 0-5 -0-341B =0-1RF ~ ne ° seudenks Scoring ws than 65 moss = \ooo x 0° 158+ = 15g-t Q '59. Wid x} yes, Ex! & he hove to nd Plz>) Ple>) = Plz zo)- P (o<%<1) 0-5-0) = 0-5 —0- 3413 =0-198F, . 10 4 fhaden scoring. mote than 45 morks = 1000 x0-15¢F = 198-7 A wo wi) We have to bad oP C1 2100) tf = 2100 , z: ie we G4 P(A> O00) = p(z 71-64) = P(27%0)- Plocz<1-64) = 0-5-¢ (1-64) 20-50-4585 = 0-0445 “m8 of bulbs thok ake Likely to last for more than aioo hou i 200 wo-04a8 = \e-72 wild i) To find P(x < 1950) Ip %= 1980, e= Ye --083 P(a< 1950) = P (#083) = P (270.93) = P (270) - Pl0< B< 0.g3) = 0-3 ~ ¢ (0-83) = 0.5 —0: 8964 = 0.8033 / MQ loullbs thak ane Uhely bo los for lex than 2500 x 0- 2033 = 508: a5 mw 50S jaso haw ga) find P(ito0< x < A100) Tk a200, E=-leF 4 1 = S00, B= 165Pi Pliaooeyeaioo) = PCIE <% 41-67) = QP Coce <1-64) ap (1-64) = &x0-45a5 = 0-905 me bulbs thak ome Likely to lack bi 900 & aloo hours = Q500 x 0-409 = A6a.5 H AES. & Tn a noamal distsibution ai x G 8% of the ikems axe oven € s.p of the didsibukon . Le pg o be the mean @ 5D a the normal dishibulivn By doko P (x<45) 031 ¢ P (a7 64) = 0:08 the items ane unden +5 64. Find the mean le have S-n-V E= pas = When 2-45, 45-U oz, (soy) = ace, g= St 22, Ky) = This Hle have, Pp (e< Ei) = od! & Pl#7Fa)= 008 ie, T+ (Z1) 70-31 4 0 5—$(zg) = 0.08 > oz 019 | ¢ (Xa) = 0-42 0: 1913 ( 0:19) = $5) & 0-4198( 20-48) = 60-4) SCE) = -$ 05) 4 6 (Cea) = 6Ur-4) => 2-05 & Eqzh4e ae-¥ _ og cen ie, = & — Eh OO) f-0907 =45 FH trac =64 By Solvir We get fl=50 , T=10 —thus mean =50 @ SD=10Th an examination +y ° Student score lem than acy | monk, € 84x of Atudents core les than 60% moak,. Find the mean “¢ 5.D y the monks ome ee dismibuled Tk &% given eae if 3 Pls) = i (ed. then Pll-8863) =0-39 & 7.4997) 20-43 0 the normal dushiloukion . Led Jk go be the mean ¢ 30 ‘} + , P(1<60) = 0-89 By data we have P(e 35) =0- ble have snv e= 2H = When 1235, g = 284.2 ray = ¢ “= 60, = Go}. Be aes (404) Hence ble have P (x <=) = 0-07 oO G+ O(Z) 20:04 4 05+ O(¥y) = 0-89 & $(%a) =0-39 & Ple< xq): 0-89 oe Oo (%,) =-0-43 Vang the qnen dola in the RHS of the We hove , o(z.) = -$ 0-459) 4 $(%a) = > (1-9.063) = 2, 2-1-4454 & B= \.aa63 ve. 35 -H ) Se ater FOF | gag = o ey we 1. C f- b4aqs33 =35 & U+1aaese =60 By solve 4 9 We qe He 48-65 6 o=Q.a6 hus mean = 4g.65 2 8.0=Qa5® Obton im the 29° 4 the normal balbility on wt ote! fotoning ae yj cene ek may Freq ° * . 7 10 u = 2 6 a Is 8 5 ° “The ege . a 3) the best tiki noamal probability Cunve is goles fim = t= wT yar We reed to compule #4 & Jer the qn frequerey didibulion. wit . Igy eayrtasue +80 $89 48 a x4 48 . rae os ees rt aise) + 6 (4004 64) 4? at) +8000) + 809 +4044) 2 z 48 oo 21604 1 = (1-9)?/ 5.1666 £0= sae e * (60a Jar atau the required eo 4 the viormal prdooloilily cusve & = (x-9)"] 51666 £(2) = (0. 24999) & a