Human reproduct ion
Structure of sperm and ovum
-Sperm: tail for mobility + streamlined,
head of sperm has enzyme to dissolve
way into egg, mitochondria for
respiration
-Ovum: rich energy source in yolk, jelly
layer for protection which hardens when
egg fertilised, very large to provide
enough nutrients
Female reproductive system Part Function
Ovary Female reproductive organ-
produces eggs and hormones
involved in menstrual cycle
Fallopian Egg travels through it (wafted by
tube cilia) towards the uterus and fertilised
here
Uterus Muscular sac in which baby develops
Cervix Muscular region dividing uterus from
vagina
- Urethra from bladder opens to vulva (in front of Vagina Holds penis during intercourse, birth
vagina) canal
Male reproductive system
Part Function
Penis Male reproductive organ through which
sperm ejaculated
Testicle Where sperm and hormone (testosterone)
produced, located outside body to remain
cooler
Epididymis Tubes in which sperm mature + stored
Vas deferens Ducts sperm travel through from testes
Prostate Secretes milky alkali fluid to neutralise acid
gland in vagina
- Testes (where sperm produced) in
scrotum Seminal Produces + secretes a fluid to nourish
- Two sperm ducts, one from each testis vesicle sperm
- Penis consists of tissue with many blood
spaces: erectile tissue Bladder Stores urine
Urethra Tube through which semen and urine
expelled
1
Puberty
Changes in girls Changes in boys
Menstrual cycle begins → egg released each month Sperm production starts
Growth and development of sexual organs
Growth of armpit + pubic hair Growth of armpit + pubic + chest + facial
hair
Increase in body mass
Development of breasts and rounded shape to hips Growth of muscles (e.g. Chest)
Voice deepens. No ʻbreakingʼ Voice breaks
Sexual driveʼ develops
Menstruation
- As ovum matures, cells around it in ovary divide to produce fluid filled sac: follicle
- When follicle mature, projects from surface of ovary like blister
- Ovary’s increasing oestrogen levels cause follicle to burst and release ovum
- Day 14: follicle released, progesterone begins to be produced
- Follicle → corpus luteum (produced progesterone)
- Oestrogen and progesterone maintain uterus lining
- If ovum not fertilised → progesterone and oestrogen levels fall → lining starts to break down
- Oestrogen (produced by follicle): causes uterine lining to thicken, stimulates egg release
- Progesterone (produced by corpus luteum): further develops + maintains uterine lining
