Specialization 1
IN THE FIELD
STARTING UP THE PROJECT
REPORTERS
Specialization 1 (Urban Planning or Construction Management)
CRAIG EMMANUEL JOSHUA
DIZON MALI
WILFRED BON CHED NHICO
NUNAG III SAPIN
TOPICS TO DISCUSS
01 Building Construction
02 Building Construction Process
BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
Building construction describes the physical activity on a
construction site that contributes to building or structure
construction. This process involves unloading plant,
machinery, materials, cladding, fixture, fitting of
installations, formwork, and external finish.
SITE PREPARATION AND
CLEARING
Before starting the work on-site, it should be
adequately cleaned, including removing grass,
debris, and ground levelling
EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR
SITE CLEARING
EXCAVATOR BOLLDOZER STUMP GRINDER
MULCHER SKID STEER LOADER BACKHOE
SITE SURVEY AND
LAYOUT
01 Site layout is the process of transferring
the design dimensions and locations of
the site features from thedrawings to
thesite, using thesite control and
reference points. Site surveying is the
process of measuring and recording the
actual dimensions and locations of the
site features, using the site control and
reference points
SITE SURVEY AND
LAYOUT
02 Site layout and surveying are essential
steps in any construction project. They
involve planning and measuring the
location, orientation, and elevation of the
site and its features, such as buildings,
roads, utilities, and boundaries.
SITE SURVEY AND
LAYOUT
03 PROFESSIONALS INVOLVE IN SITE SURVEY
AND LAYOUT
Geodetic engineers:
contribute to activities such as land surveying,
cartography, and navigation systems
Geotechnical engineering:
Assess the physical, mechanical and chemical
properties of soil and rock in order to design
foundations, retaining structures and
earthwork
INSTRUMENTS NEEDED FOR SITE
LAYOUT AND SURVEYING
TAPES PLUMB BOBS
OPTICAL DEVICES ROD
EXCAVATION
EXCAVATION REFERS TO THE
REMOVAL OF EARTH TO FORM A
CAVITY IN THE GROUND.
SMALL SITES MAY DO EXCAVATION
MANUALLY USING
SHOVELS PICKS
WHEELBARROWS DIGGING BAR
FOR LARGER SITES
EXCAVATOR BOLLDOZER STUMP GRINDER
MULCHER SKID STEER LOADER BACKHOE
PCC - PLAIN CEMENT
CONCRETE
THEN A LAYER OF PCC IS LAID IN THE
EXCAVATED TRENCH FOR PLACING
AND BINDING OF FOUNDATION
REINFORCEMENT BARS.
PCC is a combination of cement, sand-
like fine aggregate, and coarse
aggregate.
MATERIAL USED IN PLAIN CEMENT
CONCRETE
AGGREGATE SAND
CEMENT CONCRETE MIXER
FOUNDATION
FOUNDATION IS THE LOWEST
ARTIFICIALLY PREPARED PART OF THE
STRUCTURE, WHICH IS IN DIRECT
CONTACT WITH THE GROUND AND
TRANSMITS THE LOAD OF THE
SUPERSTRUCTURE TO THE GROUND
SOIL BORE TESTING
SOIL BORING IS THE PROCESS OF
DRILLING A HOLE IN THE GROUND TO
COLLECT SAMPLES OF SOIL AND
BEDROCK.
SOIL BORING IS A TECHNIQUE USED TO
SURVEY SOIL BY TAKING SEVERAL
SHALLOW CORES OUT OF THE
SEDIMENT.
PLINTH BEAM
A PLINTH BEAM IS A COMPONENT OF
THE SUPERSTRUCTURE LOCATED
BETWEEN THE GROUND LEVEL AND
FLOOR LEVEL TO ASSIST IN
TRANSMITTING THE LOAD OF THE
STRUCTURE TO THE FOUNDATION
BACKFILLING
IT IS THE METHOD OF RESTORING OR
REUSING SOIL REMOVED DURING
EXCAVATION. BACKFILLING HELPS IN
STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATION
AND SUPPORTING IT AND OTHER
STRUCTURAL MEMBERS.
Wait 5-7 days before backfilling a foundation to prevent cracks. Clearsurface of
grass,stones, and water before filling in layers 15-20cm thick.
FLOOR OR ROOF SLAB
NOW FORMWORK FOR THE FLOOR
OR ROOF SLAB STARTED. AFTER
COMPLETING THE FORMWORK
REINFORCEMENT BARS FOR BEAMS
AND SLABSARE PLACED AS PER THE
STRUCTURAL DRAWING.
FORMWORK
FORMWORK IS A STRUCTURE OR MOLD
USE TO CONTAIN THE CONCRETE WHILE
IT’S BEING POURED AND SET.
KINDS OF FORMWORKS
TIMBER FORMWORK PLYWOOD FORMWORK
STEEL FORMWORK ALUMINIUM FORMWORK
REINFORCING BARS
THESE REINFORCEMENT BARS
PROVIDE ADDITIONAL STRENGTH
AND SUPPORT TO THE STRUCTURE,
REINFORCING THE FLOOR OR ROOF
SLAB .
TYPES OF REINFORCING BARS:
Hot Rolled Deformed Bars Cold Rolled Steel Bars Mild Steel Bars
Twisted Steel Bars Welded Steel Wire
FLOOR OR ROOF SLAB
AFTER COMPLETING THE
REINFORCEMENT WORK, ELECTRICAL
PIPES ARE PROVIDED BETWEEN
REINFORCEMENT AND THEN THE
SLAB IS POURED WITH CONCRETE
MANSONRY WORKS
AFTER REMOVING THE SLAB FORMWORK,
MASONRY WORK STARTS USING DIFFERENT
MATERIALS SUCH AS BRICKS, STONE,
CONCRETE BLOCKS, AND AAC BLOCKS WITH
CEMENT MORTAR. OPENING FOR DOORS
AND WINDOWS ARE PROVIDED AS PER THE
DRAWING.
MATERIALS:
BRICK STONE BLOCK AAC BLOCK
MORTAR CONCRETE GRANITE TILES
HOW MANY HOLLOW
BLOCKS WILL BE USED?
WALL AREA
WIDTH X HEIGHT
6 METERS
6.0 M X 3.0 M = 18 SQM
OPENING AREA
3 METERS
DOOR: 1.0 X 2.1 = 2.10 SQM
WINDOW: 1.2 X 1.2 = 1.44 SQM
2.10 + 1.44 = 3.54 SQM
TOTAL WALL AREA
18.0 - 3.54 SQM= 14.46 SQM
ONE SQUARE METER AREA WILL REQUIRE 12.5 PCS OF CHB.
14.46 SQM X 12.50 = 180.75 OR 181 PCS OF CHB add 10%
THE LINTEL ABOVE DOORS
AND WINDOW OPENING
LINTELS ARE CONSTRUCTED ABOVE THE
DOOR AND WINDOW OPENINGS. IT
SUPPORTS THE MASONRY ABOVE IT.
THEN MASONRY WORK IS COMPLETED UP
TO THE SLAB LEVEL.
THE LINTEL ABOVE DOORS AND
WINDOW OPENING
NO LINTEL WITH LINTEL
ELECTRICAL CONDUITS AND PLUMBING
PIPES
AFTER COMPLETING THE
BRICKWORK, GROOVES ARE MADE
ON WALLS TO INSTALL ELECTRICAL
CONDUITS AND PLUMBING PIPES
AS PER THE ELECTRICAL AND
PLUMBING DRAWING.
INSTALLING ELECTRICAL CONDUITS
AND PLUMBING PIPES
DOORS AND WINDOW
FRAMES
AFTER COMPLETING THE ELECTRICAL
CONDUITS AND PLUMBING PIPES AND
FIXING WORKS, DOOR AND WINDOW
FRAMES ARE SET IN THE OPENING LEFT FOR
THEM AS PER THE DRAWING.
DOORS AND WINDOW FRAMES
INTERNAL PLASTER
WORK
AFTER THE INSTALLATION OF PLUMBING
AND ELECTRICAL CONDUITS, PLASTERING
WORK BEGINS. THE BUILDING’S INTERIOR
AND EXTERIOR ARE PLASTERED WITH
CEMENT AND SAND MIXTURE.
INTERNAL PLASTER
WORK
EXTERNAL PLASTER
WORK
EXTERNAL PLASTERING IS COMPLETED WITH
APPROPRIATE MATERIALS TO PROTECT
AGAINST RAIN PENETRATION, WEATHER
EFFECTS, AESTHETICS OF THE BUILDING AND,
MOST IMPORTANTLY, TO EXTEND THE SERVICE
LIFE OF THE BUILDING.
WHAT IS PLASTERING THICKNESS
FOR EXTERNAL WALLS
IN MOST SITUATIONS, AN AVERAGE PLASTER
THICKNESS IS BETWEEN 15 MM TO 20 MM
FOR EXTERNAL WALLS. YET, THE OPTIMAL
THICKNESS MAY DEPEND ON THE WALL’S
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE LEVEL,
MATERIAL TYPE AND THE AESTHETIC FINISH,
THAT YOU DESIRE.
TYPES OF WALL MATERIALS:
BRICK CONCRETE BLOCKS
TOPICS TO DISCUSS NEXT MEETING:
ROOF TRUSSES
ROOFING
ROOF WATERPROOFING AND FINISHING
MATERIALS FOR ROOF WATERPROOFING
EXTERIOR FINISHING
TYPES OF FINISHES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS
INTERNAL FINISHING
FLOORING & KITCHEN PLATFORM
EXTERIOR PROTECTION
ELECTRICAL WORK
PAINTING WORK
ELECTRICAL AND PLUMBING FIXTURES
ARCHITECTURAL WOODWORK
HEATING AND COOLING WORK
CLEANING AND FINAL TOUCH
THANK YOU
IN THE FIELD: STARTING UP THE PROJECT
ROOF TRUSSES
ROOF TRUSSES ADD STRENGTH AND SUPPORT TO ROOFS. THEY
ARE TRIANGULAR STRUCTURES COMPOSED OF TOP CHORDS,
BOTTOM CHORDS, POSTS, AND WEBBING CHORDS.
MATERIALS
TIMBER
STEEL
TYPES OF ROOF TRUSSES
KING POST QUEEN FINK
TRUSSES POST TRUSS
GABLE ATTIC
SCISSOR
ROOF TRUSS
TRUSSES
TRUSSES
ROOFING
Once the basic structure is done, roofing is installed.
Roofing protects the interior from the weather elements,
preventing damage and disruptions. The contractors should
be brought in to start working on the exterior of the building
at this stage.
TYPES OF ROOF MATERIALS
ROOF WATERPROOFING AND
FINISHING
To prevent leaks, the top of the slab is waterproofed. After that,
the slab is usually covered in Terrazzo tiles to shield it from
weathering.
Roof waterproofing is typically done through a series of steps
aimed at sealing and protecting the roof from water infiltration.
MATERIALE USED FOR ROOF
WATERPROOFING
POLYURETHANE CEMENTITIOUS COATING
EPDM RUBBER
PVC WATERPROOFING
RUBBERIZED ASPHALT.
MEMBRANE BITUMINOUS MEMBRANE
EXTERIOR FINISHING
Plastering the building's outside is known as
exterior finishing. In order to raise the home,
external cladding is also used.
TYPES OF FINISHES COMMONLY USED IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS
Brick Natural stone Vinyl siding
veneer
Stucco Wood Pebble finish
WHAT ARE FINISHES IN CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERIOR WALLS
Fiber cement Metal
Plaster Paint finish
INTERNAL FINISHING
Internal finishing work begins once the plaster has
properly cured for a predetermined amount of time.
Professionals complete the interior design following
the procedures outlined by the architect.
WALL PUTTY
Patching up holes, fissures, and pores on the plastered
surface is the main objective of putty work. For a high-quality
painting job, it aids in creating a level, smooth surface.
TYPES OF WALL PUTY
FLOORING & KITCHEN PLATFORM
Various possibilities for flooring materials are available in the
market, contingent on factors such as application, user
preference, and aesthetics.
SHUTTERS BLINDS CURTAIN TINTS
ELECTRICAL
WORKS
BASIC ELEMENTS ABOUT
ELECTRICAL WIRING
WIRES WIRE TOOLS CONDUITS CIRCUIT BREAKER
Electrical wire is a type
of conductor used to Electrical wire tools are Conduits are protective Is a crucial component
transmit electricity specialized tools used piping systems used to of electrical distribution
from one point to by electricians and enclose and protect systems used to protect
another. It is typically other professionals for electrical wires and circuits and electrical
made of a metal such various tasks related to cables. Conduits serve equipment from
as copper or aluminum, working with electrical several purposes in damage caused by
which has good wiring and cables electrical installations: overcurrents.
conductivity properties.
FAUCETS TOILET SINK SHOWER BATHTUB
LAUNDRY TUBS BIDET WATER HEATER WATER FILTER GARBAGE DISPOSAL
PAINTING WORKS
TYPES OF PAINTS
ACRYLIC LATEX / LATEX/ ALKYD / ENAMEL / ALUMINUM PAINTS
Painting work refers to the process of applying paint or other decorative coatings to
surfaces such as walls, ceilings, furniture, or other objects to enhance their
appearance, protect them from damage, or provide other functional benefits
Flat/Matte Eggshell Satin
Flat paints (also
called matte paints) Satin finishes are
have the least Eggshell finishes the most common
amount of shine. are a very popular interior paint finish.
They provide the paint finish. They’re They have a velvety
most coverage of slightly more sheen and easier to
any other paint and lustrous than flat clean than flat and
require fewer coats paints (with the eggshell paints
to cover delicate low sheen which makes them a
imperfections like of an eggshell) great choice for
nail holes. high-traffic areas
TYPES OF PAINTS
ACRYLIC LATEX / LATEX/ ALKYD / ENAMEL / ALUMINUM PAINTS
Painting work refers to the process of applying paint or other decorative coatings to
surfaces such as walls, ceilings, furniture, or other objects to enhance their
appearance, protect them from damage, or provide other functional benefits
Semi-gloss High-gloss
Semi-gloss paints
are shiny and High-gloss paints
reflective. They’re are the shiniest
extremely durable paint finish of the
and mildew- bunch. They’re also
resistant, so they’re the most durable
best used in rooms and washable, so
that get a lot of they can handle
wear and tear or daily scrubbing.
moisture, like kids’ Consider this family
rooms, kitchens, and of paint for doors,
bathrooms. trim, and cabinetry.
WHY IS PAINTING IMPORTANT?
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur
adipiscing elit. Duis vulputate nulla at
ante rhoncus, vel efficitur felis
condimentum. Proin odio odio.
LIGHTING FIXTURE
LIGHTING IS CRUCIAL FOR DESIGN,
TRANSFORMING SPACES BY CREATING
COMFORT AND ATMOSPHERE.
VARIOUSLIGHTS LIKE DOWNLIGHTS,
UPLIGHTS, AND WALL LIGHTS ARE
COMBINED TO ADD DEPTH AND INTEREST
TO ROOMS. DIFFERENT STRATEGIES ARE
USED FOR HIGHLIGHTING ARTWORK,
SPECIAL FEATURE
WOODWORKS
WOODWORKS
Woodwork refers to the craft or skill of working with wood to create furniture,
cabinetry, architectural elements, decorative items, and other wooden structures.
CABINETS STAIRS SOFA
HEATING AND COOLING
WORKS
WITH A ROOF AND EXTERIOR WALLS IN PLACE, IT IS
TIME TO ADDRESS THE HEATING AND COOLING NEEDS
OF THE BUILDING. THISPROCESS INVOLVES
THEINSTALLATION OF VENTS, DUCTS,HEATING UNITS,
AND COOLING SYSTEMS.
WHAT IS HVAC?
HVAC REFERS TO HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR
CONDITIONING, ENCOMPASSING THE HEATING AND
COOLING SYSTEM. UNDERSTANDING HVAC DOESN'T
HAVE TO BE COMPLICATED FOR HOMEOWNERS.
HOW DOES AN HVAC
SYSTEM WORK?
COOLING WORKS
is crucial for maintaining comfortable and healthy indoor environments in rooms and
buildings.
HVAC DIAGRAM AIR CONDITION
CLEANING AND FINAL TOUCH
Any garbage or debris producedduring the construction process is removed fromthe
entire site.All the finaltouches required to complete the building are finished at this
stage.
TARPAULINS ROCKS WOOD CUTS RUINS
THANK YOU
IN THE FIELD: STARTING UP THE PROJECT
