INQUIRIES,
INVESTIGATION AND
IMMERSION
ACLC COLLEGE OF MANDAUE
SHS Department
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
➢ 1. Identify the different types of probability
and non-probability sampling;
➢ 2. Select a sampling method for their
research paper
III. DISCUSSION:
SAMPLING
and
SAMPLING METHODS
Sampling methods
are ways to select a sample of
data from a given population
(every individual in the whole
group).
SAMPLING
✓Process of selecting just a
small group of cases from out
of a large group is called
sampling.
The need to sample
❑ A survey of the entire population is
impracticable
❑ Budget constraints restrict data
collection
❑ Time constraints restrict data
collection
❑ Results from data collection are
needed quickly
Population in Research
✓ It is a collective term used to
describe the total quantity of things
(or cases) of the type which are the
subject of your study.
✓ So a population can consist of certain
types of objects, organizations,
people or even events.
SAMPLING METHODS
Sampling techniques
✓Probability sampling method give the
most reliable representation of the whole
population.
✓Non-probability sampling method,
relying on the judgment of the researcher
or on accident, cannot generally be used
to make generalizations about the whole
population.
Probability Sampling
➢For a participant to be considered as a
probability sample, he/she must be selected
using a random selection.
➢The most important requirement of probability
sampling is that everyone in your population has
a known and an equal chance of getting selected.
Types of Probability Sampling
Four main techniques used for a
probability sample:
➢Simple random
➢Stratified random
➢Cluster
➢Systematic
Simple random sampling
As the name suggests is a completely random
method of selecting the sample. This sampling
method is as easy as assigning numbers to the
individuals (sample) and then randomly choosing
from those numbers through an automated process.
Stratified Random sampling
➢ Involves a method where a larger population can be
divided into smaller groups.
➢ While sampling these groups can be organized and then
draw a sample from each group separately.
➢ A common method is to arrange or classify by sex, age,
ethnicity and similar ways.
A company has 1000 employees with 800
full-time employees and 200 part time.They
want to collect a stratified sample of 100
employees.
Sample size = 100
Population size= 1000
find the least common factor of the ff. numbers
above, then multiply it by the ff. groups:
800 full-time employees
200 part-time employees
Cluster random sampling
✓It is a way to randomly select participants
when they are geographically spread out.
✓Cluster sampling usually analyzes a particular
population in which the sample consists of
more than a few elements, for example, city,
family, university etc.
Systematic Sampling
✓ It is when you choose every “nth” individual
to be a part of the sample. For example, you
can choose every 5th person to be in the
sample.
✓ There’s an equal opportunity for every
member of a population to be selected using
this sampling technique.
Systematic sampling formula:
k = systematic sampling interval
{N} = population size
{n} = sample size
Example: If the population size is
1200 and the desired sample size is
400 items of data, what is the
systematic sampling interval (k)?
Types of Non-probability Sampling
Four main techniques used for a
non-probability sample:
➢Convenience
➢Judgemental
➢Snowball
➢Quota
Convenience Sampling
➢ It is a non-probability sampling technique used to create
sample as per ease of access, readiness to be a part of the
sample, availability at a given time slot or any other
practical specifications of a particular element.
➢ Convenience sampling involves selecting haphazardly
those cases that are easiest to obtain for your sample,
such as the person interviewed at random in a shopping
center for a television program.
Judgmental Sampling
✓ In the judgmental sampling, also called
purposive sampling, the sample
members are chosen only on the basis
of the researcher’s knowledge and
judgment.
✓ It enables you to select cases that will
best enable you to answer your
research question(s) and to meet your
objectives.
Snowball Sampling
➢ Snowball sampling method is purely based on referrals
and that is how a researcher is able to generate a sample.
➢ Therefore this method is also called the chain-referral
sampling method.
➢ This sampling technique can go on and on, just like a
snowball increasing in size (in this case the sample size)
till the time a researcher has enough data to analyze, to
draw conclusive results that can help an organization
make informed decisions.
Quota Sampling
➢Selection of members in this sampling technique
happens on basis of a pre-set standard.
➢In this case, as a sample is formed on basis of specific
attributes, the created sample will have the same
attributes that are found in the total population.
➢Quota sampling is therefore a type of stratified
sample in which selection of cases within strata is
entirely non-random.
