Microsoft Excel – is an electronic spreadsheet used to manipulative numerical data

with formulas and built-in functions. It consists of 65, 536 rows and 256 columns.
Each excel file is a workbook that can hold many worksheets. A worksheet is
similar to an accounting ledger, with numbers text, calculations lined up in columns and
rows.
A worksheet consists of columns and rows. Columns run vertically and are
identified by letters, called column headers, which run across the top of the worksheet.
Rows run horizontally and are identified by numbers, called row headers, which run
down the left side of the worksheet.

The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell. Cells are identified
according to their positions in the rows and columns. The combination of the column
letter and row number of a cell is called a Cell Reference or the Cell Address.

THE STANDARD TOOLBAR

TOOL ICON FUNCTION
New Worksheet Open a new worksheet. Equivalent to choosing
the Blank Workbook.
Open File Displays the dialog box for opening an existing
file. Equivalent to choosing the Open a
Workbook.
Save File Automatically saves the active named file.
Displays the File Save as dialog box.
Print File Automatically executes the File Print command
and begins printing the active document.
Print Preview Shows how a file will look when you print it.
Spelling Checks spelling in the active document, file,
workbook or item.
Cut/Copy Removes the selection from the active
workbook/document and places it on the
Clipboard. Copy duplicates the selection to the
Clipboard.
Paste Inserts the contents of the Clipboard at the
insertion point and replace any selection. This
command is available only if you have cut or
copied an object, text or contents of a cell.
Format Painter Copies the format from a selected object or
text and applies it to the
 Undo/Redo Undo reverses the last command or deletes
the last entry. Redo reverses the action of the
Undo Command.
Auto Sum Adds the number automatically with the sum
function. Excel suggests the range of cells to be
added. If the suggested range is incorrect,
through the range you want and then press
enter.
Paste Function Displays a list of functions and their formulas
and allows you to set values for arguments.
Sort Arranges the information in selected rows or
lists alphabetically, numerically or by dates.
Chart Wizard Starts the Chart Wizard, which guides you
through the steps for creating an embedded
chart on a worksheet or modifying an existing
chart.
Drawing Displays or hide the Drawing toolbar.

Zoom Enter a magnification between 10 and 400

percent to reduce or enlarge the display of the
active workbook/document.

THE FORMATTING TOOLBAR

TOOL ICON FUNCTION
Font Style and Size Font style and size changes the font design
and dimension of the selected text and
numbers.
Bold, Italic and Underline Makes the selected text Bold, Italic, and
with Underline respectively.
Merge and Center Combines two or more selected adjacent
cells to create a single cell.
Currency Style Applies the currency style to the selected
cells. To change the Currency Style, use the
Style command on the Format menu.
Percent Style Applies the percent style to the selected
cells.
Comma Style Applies the Comma style to the selected
cells.
Increase/Decrease Decimals Increases or decreases the number of digits
displayed after the decimal point in the
cells.
 Borders Adds a border to the selected cell or range.
Fill Color Adds, modifies or removes the fill effect
from the selected object. Fill objects include
gradient, texture pattern and picture fills.
Font Color Formats the selected text with the color you
click.
Increase/Decrease Indent Reduces or increases the indent of the
selected cell contents by approximately one
character width of the standard font.
Align Right, Align Left, Formats the way the selected text of the
Center cell will be align with the left and right
Justify margin.

THE DATA TYPES

In spreadsheets, unlike in word processors, data comes in a variety of types for purposes
of computation.

 Label. The data is represented by a character string (non-numeric), or if the data

is numeric but will not be used for computation.
 Value. The data is represented by numeric string which may be used for
computation.
 Formula. The expression that perform calculations. Formulas in excel begin with
an equal (=) sign. It is a sequence of values, cell references, names, functions, or
operators that are contained in a cell and produces a new value from an existing
value. It is used to add a column of numbers, calculate percentages, and perform
other mathematical functions.

THE CALCULATION OPERATORS

Operators specify the type of calculation that you want to perform on the elements of a
formula. Microsoft Excel includes four different types of calculation operators. Arithmetic,
Comparison, Text and Reference.

Arithmetic Operators. You can perform basic mathematical operations such as addition,
subtraction, or multiplication, combine numbers, and produce results.
 Arithmetic Operators Meaning/Example
+ (plus sign) Addition (5+3)
- (minus sign) Subtraction (6-2)
*(asterisk) Negation (-1)
/ (forward slash) Division (8/4)
% (percent sign) Percent (10%)
^ (caret) Exponentiation (4^2)

Comparison Operator. You can compare two values with the following operators when
two values are compared by using these operators, the result is a logical value with True or
False.

Comparison Operator Meaning/Example

= (equal sign) Equal to (A1=B1)
>(greater than sign) Greater than (A1>B1)
< (less than sign) Less than (A1<B1)
>= (greater than or equal to sign) Greater than or equal to (A1>=B1)
<= (less than or equal to sign) Less than or equal to (A1<=B1)
< > (not equal to sign) Not equal to (A1< >B1)

Text Concatenation Operators. Use the ampersand (& to join, or concatenate, one or
more text strings to produce a single piece if test.

Text Operator Meaning/Example

Connects, or concatenates, two values to
& (ampersand sign) produce one continuous test value.

Reference Operator. Combines ranges of cells for calculation with the following
operators.

Reference Operator Meaning/Example

: (colon sign) Range operator, which produces one
reference to all the cells between two
references, including the two references
(A1:A10)
, (comma) Union operator, which combines multiple
references into one reference. (Sum: B5:B10,
C5:C10)
(space) Intersection operator, which produces one
reference to cells common on the two
references (A5:C10 B5:B10)
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Alforque High School

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