FUNDAMENTALS OF COUNSELING
Syllabus
Interpersonal Relation
Reference Materials
Counselling – Student Perspectives (2023)
• Counsellor – Counsellee • Support
• Follow up /
• Problem solver • Validation Termination
• Table • Respect
• Guidance /
• Experienced people • Interpretation / Advice /
Analysis Modification
• Trust / rapport / active listening
• Body language • Prognosis /
• Patience / non judgmental
• Theoretical Diagnosis
• Unconditional positive regard knowledge
• Good communication skills • MSE /
• Assessment Questioning skills
• Confidentiality • Note making • Feedback / fees
• Transference • Facilitation • Autonomy
• Goal directed • Decision making
• Ventilation
• Structured • Motivation
• One and one • Updating –
• Suggestions techniques
• Empathy / hope • Multiple
approach • Emotional
• Summarization Regulation
• Self-acceptance • Self Actulization
Counselling – Student Perspectives (2022)
• Art of Communication • To help accomplish mental wellbeing
• Solve the clients crisis • To prevent the serious illness
• Deal with General anxiety & Depression • Set the process depends on the clients
• Necessary for all problems
• Talk therapy • Provide structures to ones thoughts
• Empowering the clients • Developmental process
• Improve their wellbeing • Maintain confidentiality
• Creates self awareness
• Improve the relationship
• Help the clients to choose between the
choices (Alternative solutions) • Facilitate a change the attitudes and
behaviour of the client
• Do not involve medications
• Help the clients to make self interpretations
• To bring insight
Unit-I : Introduction
Objectives
• The fundamental concepts, process & areas of guidance and counselling
• The various types of counselling
• The different theories & practices of counselling
• The appraisal techniques of counselling
• The specific application of counselling skills
Guidance and Counseling
Counselling
• Face to face communication by which you help the person to make
decision or solve a problem and act on them
• Helping process aimed at problem solving
• Done with individual, group or with couple
• Specific to the need, issue & circumstances of each indl client
• Interactive, mutually respectful collaborative process
• Goal directed
• Acceptable to social & cultural context
• Bring changes in attitude
Counselling
• Essentially a process in which the counsellor assists the counselee to
make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment
which he needs to make.
Glenn F. Smith
• Series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him
assistance in changing his attitude & behaviours.
Carl Rogers
Meaning of Counselling
• Purposeful reciprocal relationship b/w two ppl in which a trained
person, helps the other to change himself/herself
• In education, counselling is a collaborative process.
• In patient care, counselling is a method that helps clients and health
care ppl to use problem solving approach to recognize & manage
stress.
Guidance
• Aspect of educational programme which is concerned with
helping the pupil to become adjusted to his/her present
situation and plan his future in line with his/her interests,
abilities and social needs.
Hamrin & Erikson
• Process through which an individual is able to solve their
problems & pursue a path suited to their abilities & aspirations
JM Brewer
Guidance
• Continuous process of helping the individual development in the
maximum of their capacity in the direction most beneficial to
himself and to society
• Stoops & Wahlquist
• Assistance made available by a competent counselor to an
individual of any age to help him direct his own life, develop his
own point of view, make his own decision & carry his own burden.
• Crow & Crow
Meaning of Guidance
• All round assistance given to an individual in all aspects of
development
• Process of providing assistance given to an individual to solve their
problems
• Promotion of the growth of the indl in self-direction
• Helps the indls to adjust to the environment
• Continuous process
Difference Between Guidance and Counselling
Guidance Counselling
Broader & Comprehensive In depth & narrow, also integral part of
guidance
More external, helps a person Helps ppl understand themselves & is
understand alternative solutions an inward analysis.
available to him & makes him Alternative solutions are proposed to
understand his personality & choose the help understand the problem at hand.
right solution
Mainly preventive & developmental Remedial as well as preventive &
developmental
Done for an indl as well as group Done to one indl at a time
Intellectual attitudes are the raw material Emotional rather than pure intellectual
attitude are raw material
Difference Between Guidance and Counselling
Guidance Counselling
Enables to solve educational, Usually helps in solving issues
vocational & other personal issues related to emotional and mental
health
The focus is on finding solution & Focus is not on solution but on
it may bring attitude changes understanding the problem
Decision making happens at an Decision making happens at
intellectual level emotional level
Involuntary process Voluntary process
Purposes of Guidance & Counselling
• Providing the needed information & assistance
• Helping the individual to make wise choices
• Improving the understanding of self
• Facilitate the adjustment
• Helps in adapting to the changes or new envt
Purposes of Guidance & Counselling
• Making self-sufficient & independent
• Efficient use of capabilities & talent
• Promote the optimal personal & professional devt
• Balanced physical, psychological, emotional, social & spiritual growth
• Helps in overall devt & to live productive life
Purposes of Guidance & Counselling
• Provide optimum devt & wellbeing for indl
• To help indls adjust to themselves & the society
• To help ppl understand themselves in relation to the world
• To aid indls in efficient decision making
• To help indls plan for a productive life in their social context by
focusing on their assets, skills, strengths & possibilities for further
devt.
• To bring about changes in the attitude & behavior of indls.
Need for guidance and counselling
• Self understanding & self direction: Guidance helps in
understanding one’s strength, limitations & other resources.
• Guidance helps indls to develop ability to solve problems & take
decisions
• Optimum devt of indl
• Solving different problem of the indl
• Academic growth & devt
• Vocational choices & vocational adjustments, vocational maturity
Need for guidance and counselling
• Social adjustment
• Personal adjustment
• Better family life
• Good citizenship
• For conversation & proper utilization of human resources
• For national devt
• Help to make a satisfactory transition from home to the school
• To diagnose the difficulties in the learning of basic skills
• To help them understand the purpose and meaning of life
• To plan for further education
Setting Goals
Improving Efficiency
Building
Determining Values Relationship
Goals of
Guidance
Accepting
Exploring Self Responsibility
for the future
21
Objectives of guidance
• To help indl to understand & accept the positive & negative aspects of
his personality, interests, aptitudes, attitudes etc.
• Provide a wide choice and opportunities
• Help make adjustment in the new life situation.
• Help in facing the challenges of life & manage tensions by realizing &
accepting the facts.
• Help in solving social & personal problems & be able to adjust with
oneself & the envt.
Enhancing coping skills
Decision Making
Facilitating the
Improving clients Potential
relationship
Goals of
Counselling
Enhance
Facilitating Behaviour Counsellor
Change sensitivity to client
problem
23
Counselling Process
• Planned, structured dialogue b/w a counsellor & a client.
• Cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a person
called the client to identify sources of difficulties or concerns that he or
she is experiencing.
• Together they develop ways to deal with & overcome these problems
so that person has new skills & increased understanding of
themselves & others.
Counselling Process
Relationship Establishment
• Building a relationship & focuses on engaging clients to explore
issue that directly affect them.
• The first interview is important because the client is reading the
verbal & nonverbal messages & make inferences about the
counsellor & the counselling situation.
• Is the counsellor able to empathize with the client? Does the client
view the counsellor as genuine?
Counselling Process
Relationship Establishment (Steps)
• Invite client to sit down
• Introduce yourself
• Ensure client is comfortable
• Address the client by name
• Invite social conversation to reduce anxiety
• Watch for nonverbal behaviour as signs of clients emotional state
• Invite client to describe his or her reason for coming to talk
• Allow client time to respond
• Indicate that you are interested in the person
Counselling Process
Problem identification and Exploration
• While the counsellor & the client are in the process of
establishing a relationship, a second process is taking place,
i.e. problem assessment.
• This step involves the collection & classification of information
about the client’s life situation & reasons for seeking
counselling.
Counselling Process
Planning for Problem Solving
(Instructional method or technique)
• Goal Setting
• Formation and appreciation of problem
• Collection of relevant data and information
• Organization of data
• Drawing conclusion
• Testing conclusion
Counselling Process
Planning for Problem Solving
Problem Solving Skills
• Clarify what the problem is about
• Brainstorm out ideas
• Plan out what you are going to do
• Try out your plan
• Does it solve the problem? – Yes
• If NO try another plan
Counselling Process
Solution
• Change is both constant and certain
• Clients must want to change
• Clients are the experts and outline their own goals
• Clients have resources and their own strengths to solve &
overcome their problems
• Therapy is short-term
• Emphasis is on what is changeable & possible
• Focus on the future – history is not essential
Counselling Process
Application and Termination
• Summarize
• Aware of own needs
• Plan for possibility of future need
• Empower the client
• Role of review progress, create closure
Areas of Guidance and Counseling
Educational
• Provide assistance to perform satisfactorily in the academic works & also
helps for the chose appropriate course for the study
• Helps in overcoming LD
• Expert assistance is also required for enabling the student in making
proper adjustment in relation to general academic life adjustment to
effect maximum intellectual, emotional & physical devt.
• Pre admission guidance needs
• Post admission guidance needs
Areas of Guidance and Counseling
Vocational
Need guidance for assistance provided for selection of a vocation
& preparation for same & concerned with enabling clients to
acquire information about career opportunities.
Areas of Guidance and Counseling
Personal
Expert guidance and counselling required for
• Health Problems
• Family issues
• Teacher - student issues
• Educational issues
• Feeling disappointed
• Unfavorable atmosphere at home / school / college
• IPR issues
THANK
Y U
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