Building a Kubernetes Cluster
Relevant Documentation
Installing kubeadm
Creating a cluster with kubeadm
Lesson Reference
If you are using cloud playground, create three servers with the following settings:
Distribution: Ubuntu 20.04 Focal Fossa LTS
Size: medium
If you wish, you can set an appropriate hostname for each node.
On the control plane node:
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-control
On the first worker node:
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker1
On the second worker node:
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-worker2
On all nodes, set up the hosts file to enable all the nodes to reach each other using these hostnames.
sudo vi /etc/hosts
On all nodes, add the following at the end of the file. You will need to supply the actual private IP address for each node.
<control plane node private IP> k8s-control
<worker node 1 private IP> k8s-worker1
<worker node 2 private IP> k8s-worker2
Log out of all three servers and log back in to see these changes take effect.
On all nodes, set up containerd. You will need to load some kernel modules and modify some system settings as part of this
process.
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system
Install and configure containerd.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd
sudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
sudo systemctl restart containerd
On all nodes, disable swap.
sudo swapoff -a
On all nodes, install kubeadm, kubelet, and kubectl.
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet=1.23.0-00 kubeadm=1.23.0-00 kubectl=1.23.0-00
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl
On the control plane node only, initialize the cluster and set up kubectl access.
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr 192.168.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version 1.23.0
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Verify the cluster is working.
kubectl get nodes
Install the Calico network add-on.
kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
Get the join command (this command is also printed during kubeadm init . Feel free to simply copy it from there).
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
Copy the join command from the control plane node. Run it on each worker node as root (i.e. with sudo ).
sudo kubeadm join ...
On the control plane node, verify all nodes in your cluster are ready. Note that it may take a few moments for all of the nodes to
enter the READY state.
kubectl get nodes
