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NAND & NOR Gates as Universal Gates

The document explains that both NAND and NOR gates are universal gates capable of implementing all basic logic functions. It details how NAND gates can be configured to perform AND and OR operations using DeMorgan's theorems, as well as how NOR gates can achieve the same. Additionally, it illustrates the concept of inverting inputs to obtain desired outputs for both types of gates.

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16 views3 pages

NAND & NOR Gates as Universal Gates

The document explains that both NAND and NOR gates are universal gates capable of implementing all basic logic functions. It details how NAND gates can be configured to perform AND and OR operations using DeMorgan's theorems, as well as how NOR gates can achieve the same. Additionally, it illustrates the concept of inverting inputs to obtain desired outputs for both types of gates.

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SRC Exam
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1)Nand gate as Universal gate

NAND gate is actually a combination of two logic gates i.e. AND gate followed by NOT gate. So its output is
complement of the output of an AND gate.This gate can have minimum two inputs. By using only NAND
gates, we can realize all logic functions: AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR, NOR. So this gate is also called as
universal gate.
1. All NAND input pins connect to the input signal A gives an output A’.

1.1)NAND gates as OR gate


From DeMorgan’s theorems:
(A.B)’ = A’ + B’
(A’.B’)’ = A’’ + B’’ = A + B
So, give the inverted inputs to a NAND gate, obtain OR operation at output.

Figure-1:NAND gates as OR gate

Figure-2:Truth table of OR

1.2)NAND gates as AND gate


A NAND produces complement of AND gate. So, if the output of a NAND gate is inverted, overall output will
be that of an AND gate.
Y = ((A.B)’)’
Y = (A.B)
Figure-3:NAND gates as AND gate

Figure-4:Truth table of AND

2)Nor gate as Universal Gate


NOR gate is actually a combination of two logic gates: OR gate followed by NOT gate. So its output is
complement of the output of an OR gate.This gate can have minimum two inputs, output is always one. By
using only NOR gates, we can realize all logic functions: AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR, NAND. So this
gate is also called universal gate.

2.1)NOR gates as OR gate


A NOR produces complement of OR gate. So, if the output of a NOR gate is inverted, overall output will be
that of an OR gate.
Y = ((A+B)’)’
Y = (A+B)

Figure-10:NOR gates as OR gate

Figure-11:Truth table of OR
2.2)NOR gates as AND gate
From DeMorgan’s theorems:
(A+B)’ = A’B’
(A’+B’)’ = A’’B’’ = AB
So, give the inverted inputs to a NOR gate, obtain AND operation at output.

Figure-12:NOR gates as AND gate

Figure-13:Truth table of AND

The figure shows two ways in which a NOR gate can be used as an inverter (NOT gate).
All NOR input pins connected to the input signal A gives an output A’.

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