VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
ACADEMIC REPORT ON
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
NITIN HEMA RAJ
4AL20AI027
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. Gururaj H L
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
MACHINE LEARNING
ALVA’S INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MOODBIDRI - 574225, KARNATAKA.
2021 – 2022
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany a successful completion of any
task would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible,
success is the epitome of hard work and perseverance, but steadfast of all is
encouraging guidance.
So, with gratitude I acknowledge all those whose guidance and encouragement
served as beacon of light and crowned the effort with success.
I thank our seniors for spending their precious time with us, for us the
whole time we learnt Python. They have been our source of inspiration. They
have been especially enthusiastic in giving their valuable guidance and critical
reviews.
I sincerely thank, Prof. Harish Kunder Professor and Head, Department
of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning who has been the constant
driving force behind the completion of the task.
I thank our beloved Principal Dr. Peter Fernandes, for his constant help
and support throughout.
I am indebted to Management of Alva’s Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Mijar, Moodbidri for providing an environment which helped me
in completing my task in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning domain.
Also, I thank all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Department Artificial
Intelligence and Machine Learning for the help rendered.
I. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain technology is a structure that stores transactional records, also
known as the block, of the public in several databases, known as the “chain,” in
a network connected through peer-to-peer nodes. Typically, this storage is
referred to as a ‘digital ledger.’
Every transaction in this ledger is authorized by the digital signature of the
owner, which authenticates the transaction and safeguards it from tampering.
Hence, the information the digital ledger contains is highly secure.
In simpler words, the digital ledger is like a Google spreadsheet shared among
numerous computers in a network, in which, the transactional records are stored
based on actual purchases. The fascinating angle is that anybody can see the
data, but they can’t corrupt it.
Blockchain is an emerging technology with many advantages in an increasingly
digital world:
Highly Secure
Decentralized System
Automation Capability
Blockchain is a combination of three leading technologies:
Cryptographic keys
A peer-to-peer network containing a shared ledger
A means of computing, to store the transactions and records of the
network
Cryptography keys consist of two keys – Private key and Public key. These
keys help in performing successful transactions between two parties. Each
individual has these two keys, which they use to produce a secure digital
identity reference. This secured identity is the most important aspect of
Blockchain technology. In the world of cryptocurrency, this identity is referred
to as ‘digital signature’ and is used for authorizing and controlling transactions.
The digital signature is merged with the peer-to-peer network; a large number of
individuals who act as authorities use the digital signature in order to reach a
consensus on transactions, among other issues. When they authorize a deal, it is
certified by a mathematical verification, which results in a successful secured
transaction between the two network-connected parties. So, to sum it up,
Blockchain users employ cryptography keys to perform different types of digital
interactions over the peer-to-peer network.
II. DISCUSSION
There are various types of blockchain technology. Keeping a lot of
aspects in mind, the technology is divided into 4 types.
Private Blockchain Networks
Public Blockchain Networks
Permissioned Blockchain Networks
Consortium Blockchains
Coming to the hands-on experience,
MetaMask is a software cryptocurrency wallet used to interact with
the Ethereum blockchain. It allows users to access their Ethereum wallet
through a browser extension or mobile app, which can then be used to interact
with decentralized applications. MetaMask is developed by ConsenSys
Software Inc., a blockchain software company focusing on Ethereum-based
tools and infrastructure.
MetaMask allows users to store and manage account keys, broadcast
transactions, send and receive Ethereum-based cryptocurrencies and tokens, and
securely connect to decentralized applications through a compatible web
browser or the mobile app's built-in browser. Developers achieve a connection
between Metamask and their decentralized applications by using
a JavaScript plugin such as Web3js or Ethers to define interactions between
Metamask and Smart Contracts. The Metamask application includes an
integrated service for exchanging Ethereum tokens by aggregating
several decentralized exchanges (DEXs) to find the best exchange rate. This
feature, branded as MetaMask Swaps, charges a service fee of 0.875% of the
transaction amount.
Ethereum Ganache formerly known as testRPC is an application that
provides developers with a virtual testing environment for their dapp. It's a part
of the Truffle Suite of developer tools. Ganache provides users up to 100 virtual
block-chain nodes for testing dapps. The application can be used from the
command line or the GUI interface provided within the application. Truffle is a
framework for building, testing, and deploying applications on
the Ethereum network that was founded by Tim Coulter. The Truffle
Framework consists of three primary development frameworks for
Ethereum smart contract and decentralized application (dApp) development
called Truffle, Ganache, and Drizzle.
Ethereum is a decentralized, open-source blockchain with smart
contract functionality. Ether (ETH or Ξ) is the native cryptocurrency of the
platform. Among cryptocurrencies, Ether is second only to Bitcoin in market
capitalization. Ethereum was conceived in 2013 by programmer Vitalik Buterin.
Additional founders of Ethereum included Gavin Wood, Charles
Hoskinson, Anthony Di Iorio and Joseph Lubin. In 2014, development work
began and was crowdfunded, and the network went live on 30 July 2015.
Ethereum allows anyone to deploy permanent and immutable decentralized
applications onto it, with which users can interact. Decentralized finance (DeFi)
applications provide a broad array of financial services without the need for
typical financial intermediaries like brokerages, exchanges, or banks, such as
allowing cryptocurrency users to borrow against their holdings or lend them out
for interest. Ethereum also allows users to create and exchange NFTs, which are
unique tokens representing ownership of an associated asset or privilege, as
recognized by any number of institutions. Additionally, many other
cryptocurrencies utilize the ERC-20 token standard on top of the Ethereum
blockchain and have utilized the platform for initial coin offerings.
III. ADVANTAGES OF BC TECHNOLOGY
One major advantage of blockchains is the level of security it can
provide, and this also means that blockchains can protect and secure sensitive
data from online transactions. For anyone looking for speedy and convenient
transactions, blockchain technology offers this as well. In fact, it only takes a
few minutes, whereas other transaction methods can take several days to
complete. There is also no third-party interference from financial institutions or
government organizations, which many users look at as an advantage.
IV. DISADVANTAGES OF BC TECHNOLOGY
Blockchain and cryptography involves the use of public and private keys,
and reportedly, there have been problems with private keys. If a user loses their
private key, they face numerous challenges, making this one disadvantage of
blockchains. Another disadvantage is the scalability restrictions, as the number
of transactions per node is limited. Because of this, it can take several hours to
finish multiple transactions and other tasks. It can also be difficult to change or
add information after it is recorded, which is another significant disadvantage of
blockchain.
V. CONCLUSION
The session went perfectly without any hindrances. Too much knowledge
was shared and the students liked the session as it consisted hands-on
experience as well. Fact that a number of projects have been developed till date
using the knowledge shared with us is extraordinary. A number of project ideas
were also given to us by the professor and they all seemed worth giving it a
shot. The session was concluded with a small piece of information about writing
the research papers as it would add up a huge amount of value to the resume and
the career. Writing a research paper isn’t that easy as a number of scientists
struggle to finish one worthy paper in their lifetime. So, we were all guided
about how exactly to move forward with writing a paper. The session would be
incomplete if the speaker hadn’t told everyone about carrying the knowledge
forward. He precisely told how to develop these skills and bring it to good use. I
personally feel grateful and honored to have had a session with one of the
greatest speakers, guide and what not. It was indeed a great experience and the
time spent in learning is always worth it.
