15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
Builder pattern builds a complex object using simple objects and using a step by step
approach. This type of design pattern comes under creational pattern as this pattern
provides one of the best ways to create an object.
A Builder class builds the final object step by step. This builder is independent of
other objects.
Implementation
We have considered a business case of fast-food restaurant where a typical meal
could be a burger and a cold drink. Burger could be either a Veg Burger or Chicken
Burger and will be packed by a wrapper. Cold drink could be either a coke or pepsi
and will be packed in a bottle.
We are going to create an Item interface representing food items such as burgers
and cold drinks and concrete classes implementing the Item interface and a Packing
interface representing packaging of food items and concrete classes implementing
the Packing interface as burger would be packed in wrapper and cold drink would be
packed as bottle.
We then create a Meal class having ArrayList of Item and a MealBuilder to build
different types of Meal objects by combining Item. BuilderPatternDemo, our demo
class will use MealBuilder to build a Meal.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 1/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
Step 1
Create an interface Item representing food item and packing.
Item.java
public interface Item {
public String name();
public Packing packing();
public float price();
}
Packing.java
public interface Packing {
public String pack();
}
Step 2
Create concrete classes implementing the Packing interface.
Wrapper.java
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 2/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
public class Wrapper implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Wrapper";
}
}
Bottle.java
public class Bottle implements Packing {
@Override
public String pack() {
return "Bottle";
}
}
Step 3
Create abstract classes implementing the item interface providing default
functionalities.
Burger.java
public abstract class Burger implements Item {
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Wrapper();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
ColdDrink.java
public abstract class ColdDrink implements Item {
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 3/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
@Override
public Packing packing() {
return new Bottle();
}
@Override
public abstract float price();
}
Step 4
Create concrete classes extending Burger and ColdDrink classes
VegBurger.java
public class VegBurger extends Burger {
@Override
public float price() {
return 25.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Veg Burger";
}
}
ChickenBurger.java
public class ChickenBurger extends Burger {
@Override
public float price() {
return 50.5f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Chicken Burger";
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 4/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
}
}
Coke.java
public class Coke extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public float price() {
return 30.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Coke";
}
}
Pepsi.java
public class Pepsi extends ColdDrink {
@Override
public float price() {
return 35.0f;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return "Pepsi";
}
}
Step 5
Create a Meal class having Item objects defined above.
Meal.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 5/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
public class Meal {
private List<Item> items = new ArrayList<Item>();
public void addItem(Item item){
items.add(item);
}
public float getCost(){
float cost = 0.0f;
for (Item item : items) {
cost += item.price();
}
return cost;
}
public void showItems(){
for (Item item : items) {
System.out.print("Item : " + item.name());
System.out.print(", Packing : " + item.packing().pack());
System.out.println(", Price : " + item.price());
}
}
}
Step 6
Create a MealBuilder class, the actual builder class responsible to create Meal
objects.
MealBuilder.java
public class MealBuilder {
public Meal prepareVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new VegBurger());
meal.addItem(new Coke());
return meal;
}
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 6/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
public Meal prepareNonVegMeal (){
Meal meal = new Meal();
meal.addItem(new ChickenBurger());
meal.addItem(new Pepsi());
return meal;
}
}
Step 7
BuiderPatternDemo uses MealBuider to demonstrate builder pattern.
BuilderPatternDemo.java
public class BuilderPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MealBuilder mealBuilder = new MealBuilder();
Meal vegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareVegMeal();
System.out.println("Veg Meal");
vegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " + vegMeal.getCost());
Meal nonVegMeal = mealBuilder.prepareNonVegMeal();
System.out.println("\n\nNon-Veg Meal");
nonVegMeal.showItems();
System.out.println("Total Cost: " + nonVegMeal.getCost());
}
}
Step 8
Verify the output.
Veg Meal
Item : Veg Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 25.0
Item : Coke, Packing : Bottle, Price : 30.0
Total Cost: 55.0
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 7/8
15/01/24, 11:50 Design Patterns - Builder Pattern
Non-Veg Meal
Item : Chicken Burger, Packing : Wrapper, Price : 50.5
Item : Pepsi, Packing : Bottle, Price : 35.0
Total Cost: 85.5
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/builder_pattern.htm 8/8
