Learning Activity Sheet for GENERAL PHYSICS II

Lesson : Quarter 4, LAS 1

Activity Title/Topic: CURRENT, RESISTANCE, AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
Objective/s: 1. Describe the effect of temperature increase on the resistance of a metallic conductor including the ability
of a material to conduct current in terms of resistivity and conductivity; 2. Calculate the charge, current and time related
problems; 3. Recognize the significance of current in everyday living.
Code: STEM_GP12EM-IIIe-35-37
Reference/s : Mabini National High School: Current, Resistivity, and Resistance, and Ohm’s Law Quarter 4 – Module
4: 2020
Compiled by: Arjelyn E. Camaddo, SST1

Background Information for Learners

Current, Resistivity, and Resistance, and Ohm’s Law

• Current Density (J)

• Electrons flow in the opposite direction of the Electric field.

• As an electron (or any charged particle) moves through a conductor, it collides with atoms (and/or
molecules) in the conductor =⇒ causes a zigzag motion through the conductor.
• The amount of charge passing through a wire can be determined as follows:
• Let A be the cross-sectional area of a wire and ∆x be a small slice along the length of the wire.
• The volume of this small segment of the wire is then V = A ∆x (note that V here is volume not potential).
• Let N be the number of charge carriers contained in this volume and q be the charge per carrier. Then,

The total charge contained in this volume is thus,

Although the electron makes a zigzag path through the wire, on average, it continues to move down the electric field
(remember in the opposite sense) at an average speed.
DRIFT SPEED

We can then substitute this into Eq. from the previous slide giving,

Dividing both sides by ∆t gives

 • There are other factor and properties that affects the flow of electric charges, and one of which is VOLTAGE and
RESISTANCE aside from current.
• Its relationship is summarized and explained by Ohm's Law
• George Simon Ohm
I= V/R
• What is the mathematical relationship of each variable shown in the Ohm’s Law?

Where, (V) is denoted for voltage and has a unit of volts, it serves as a force that push electrons through a certain
component in an electric circuit, (I) for current is the electron flow which is measured in ampere (A), and resistance (R) is
measured in ohms.
This law links voltage and current to the properties of the conductor, such as its resistance in a circuit that opposes the

flow of electric current. On the other hand, when talking about dimension such as length and area relative to the flow or
resistance of electric charge, Conductivity and Resistivity is used.
THERMAL AND RESISTIVITY
• The resistivity of a metallic conductor nearly always increases with increasing temperature.
WHY DO YOU THINK SO?
• This impedes the drift of electrons through the conductor and hence reduces the current.
• Over a small temperature range (up to 100°C), the resistivity of a metal can be represented approximately by the
equation.

Po = the resistivity at reference temperature range To(often taken as 0°C to 100°C)

Pt = the resistivity at temperature T
a = the temperature coefficient of resistivity in unit 1/°C

Sequence of Events
• Relating resistance to the resistivity. Since cross sectional Area (A) is indirectly proportional to resistance but
directly proportional to the length (L) of the conductor.

• The following are the factors that affect the resistance (R) of a conductor in ohms.
• The resistivity (p) of the material from which the conductor is made.
• The total length (L) of the conductor.
• The cross-sectional area (A) of the conductor
• The temperature of the conductor
Directions
Use the LAS with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the LAS. Use a separate sheet (1 whole
intermediate) of paper in answering the exercises.
Exercise 1
Direction: Solve the given problem below. Use GUFSA in answering the problem.
1. At 40.0 ◦C, the resistance of a segment of gold wire is 100.0 Ω. When the wire is placed in a liquid bath, the resistance
decreases to 97.0 Ω. What is the temperature of the bath? (Hint: First determine the resistance of the gold wire at room
temperature.)

Exercise 2
Direction: Solve the given problem below. Use GUFSA in answering the problem.
1.A rectangular solid of pure germanium measures 13 cm x 13 cm x 26 cm. Assume that each of its faces is an
equipotential surface. What is the resistance between opposite faces?

Exercise 3
Direction: Solve the given problem below. Use GUFSA in answering the problem.
1. Calculate the total DC resistance of a 100meter roll of 2.5mm copper wire if the resistivity of copper at 20°C is
1.72 x 10^-8 ohm meter.

Guide Questions
1. Is the flow of current can be changed?
2. What are the factors that can change the flow of the current?
3. How is the thermal and resistivity affect each other?
4. Why do you think that the good conductor has a low resistivity?
Rubric for scoring
(Guide question)
3 points 2 points 1point
Completeness and correctness of all Ideas are adequate but do not provide Ideas are cursory and do not go into
ideas/concepts. full detail. detail.
*for each item
Additional Activities for Mastery
I. Multiple Choice. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen in a ¼ sheet of paper.

_____1. A current passes through a wire of nonuniform cross-section. Which of the following quantities are independent
of the cross-section?
(a) The charge crossing
(b) Drift velocity
(c) Current density
(d) Free-electron density
_____2. The relaxation time in conductors
(a) increases with the increases of temperature
(b) decreases with the increases of temperature
(c) it does not depend on temperature
(d) all of sudden changes at 400 K
_____3. The resistivity of alloy manganin is
(a) Nearly independent of temperature
(b) Increases rapidly with increase in temperature
(c) Decreases with increase in temperature
(d) Increases rapidly with decrease in temperature
_____4. Ohm's law is true for
(a) For metallic conductors at low temperature.
(b) For metallic conductors at high temperature.
(c) for electrolytes when current passes through them.
(d) For diode when current flows.
_____5. Given a current carrying wire of non-uniform cross section. Which of the following is constant
throughout the length of the wire? (a) current, electric field and drift speed
 (b) current and drift speed
(c) drift speed only
(d) current only
Performance Task/s
Direction: Solve the given problem below. Use GUFSA in answering the problem.

1) A 5.50 A current runs through a 12-gauge copper wire (diameter 2.05 mm) and through a light bulb. Copper has
8.5 x 1028 free electrons per cubic meter.
(a) How many electrons pass through the light bulb each second?
(b) What is the current density in the wire?
(c) At what speed does a typical electron pass by any given point in the wire?

Answer Key/Susi sa Pagwawasto