ME-314 “Fluid Mechanics -II”
Lecture-6 Reynolds Transport Theorem-
Derivation
By
Dr.-Ing. Syed Mushahid Hussain Hashmi
→
DBsys
bdV b V. n̂ dA
mDt t CV CS – _ – – ,
Rate of change
––_––,
of B within Rate of change Net flux of B
the System of B within CV through the CS
i.e. accumulation
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Lecture content
Control Mass (A System) and Control Volume
Lagrangian and Eulerian Approach
Extensive and Intensive property
Derivation of Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)
Interpretation of net flux term of RTT
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Control mass (Closed System)
A control mass (or closed system) is a fixed collection of matter under
study.
Mass cannot cross the boundary of a closed system. The boundary of a
closed system can move and deform.
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Control Volume(Open System)
A control volume (or open system) is a specified volumetric region
under study.
Mass can cross the boundary of a control volume. The boundary of a
control volume is called control surface, which can change its shape
and could be moving.
The matter inside a control volume is usually changing with time because
mass is flowing across the boundaries.
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Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches
Lagrangian- A fixed packet of mass – A System or A material Volume
can change size and shape but always follow the same packet of mass.
Sys
Eulerian- A fixed region of interest – A Control Volume
can change size and shape and mass may cross the boundary.
CV
Physical laws are applicable to System not to Control Volume
→ →
F sys msys asys F CV mCV aCV
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System and Control Volume- An illustration
Analyzing spraying of deodorant from a spray can in situation A and B
Which situation (A or
A B) is Control volume ? B
In a System approach we follow In a Control Volume approach
the fluid as it moves and deforms. we consider a fixed interior
No mass crosses the boundary, and volume. Mass crosses the
the total mass of the system boundary.
remains fixed.
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Comparison of Control mass and Control Volume
ME-314 Fluid Mechanics-II by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 6- Reynolds Transport Theorem-derivation) 7
System-Family
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Extensive and Intensive property
Extensive property is any property that depends on the amount of matter
present. e.g. Mass, Volume, Momentum, Energy.
Intensive property is any property that is independent of the amount of
matter present. E.g. Pressure, temperature, and density
B represent any Extensive Property while b to be the corresponding
Intensive property of B
B
b
m
BCV b dm b ( dV )
CV CV
BCV b dV
CV
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System and Control Volume
Sys
At t=t0 Sys and
CV coincides
CV
At t=t0 +δt Sys moved
and change its shape I II
but CV stays stationary
At t=t0 +δt
I.Mass that enters CV to fill the
space Sys left.
II. Portion of the Sys no longer in CV.
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Inventory Balance Equation
At instant 't '
Bsys (t) BCV (t)
At (t t) Bsys (t) BCV (t) Eq.1
BCV
Bsys
Bsys (t t) BCV (t t) B I (t t) B II (t t) Eq.2
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Inventory Balance Equation
Bsys (t) BCV (t) ... Eq.1
Bsys (t t) BCV (t t) B I (t t) B II (t t) ... Eq.2
Subtract Eq.1 from Eq.2
Bsys (t t) Bsys (t) BCV (t t) BCV (t) B I (t t) B II (t t)
Divide by t on both sides
Bsys (t t) Bsys (t) BCV (t t) BCV (t) B I (t t) B II (t t)
t t
Bsys (t t) Bsys (t) BCV (t t) BCV (t) B II (t t) B I (t t)
t t t t
Take the limit t 0 (This means volume refres to both Sys & CV at that instant)
DBsys BCV ɺ ɺ
B B
t
out in
Dt
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Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)
DBsys BCV ɺ ɺ in
Bout B
Dt t
DBsys BCV ɺ B ɺ
B
mDt mt –out_–,in
Stuff that crossed
Change within Change within the boundary of CV
Sys CV
Total amount of property B in a given material
volume (Sys) is
Bsys bdV
sys
∵ Bsys (t) BCV (t)
BCV bdV
CV
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Reynolds Transport Theorem (RTT)
BCV bdV
CV
→
ɺ B
Bout
ɺ
in
b V. nˆ dA
CS
DBsys BCV ɺ ɺ in
Bout B
Dt t
→
DBsys
bdV b V. n̂ dA
mDt t CV CS – _ – – , RTT
Rate of change
––_––,
of B within Rate of change Net flux of B
the System of B within CV through the CS
i.e. accumulation
→
V is measured relative to CV , which is fixed.
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Net flux term of RTT
→
ɺ B
Bout
ɺ in
b V. nˆ dA
CS
→ →
V. n̂
out
V n̂ cos(0) V
→ →
V. nˆ
in
V n̂ cos(180) V →
V. n̂
→
V n̂ cos V cos
out / in
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