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Lecture 30 - Chapter 22 Part 3

The document discusses electromagnetic induction and electric generators. It provides examples of induction in power plants, laboratories, and vehicles. It then explains how a basic electric generator works by rotating a coil in a magnetic field to induce an alternating current (AC) and describes the factors that determine the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF).

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Mircea Pantea
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41 views18 pages

Lecture 30 - Chapter 22 Part 3

The document discusses electromagnetic induction and electric generators. It provides examples of induction in power plants, laboratories, and vehicles. It then explains how a basic electric generator works by rotating a coil in a magnetic field to induce an alternating current (AC) and describes the factors that determine the magnitude and polarity of the induced electromotive force (EMF).

Uploaded by

Mircea Pantea
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introductory Physics II

PHYS 1310

Lecture 30 – Chapter 22 part 3


Generators; RL circuits

Wednesday, April 3
Outline – Chapter 22
• Electromagnetic induction – experiments
• Motional EMF
• Magnetic flux and Faraday’s law of induction
• Lenz’s law
• Electric generators
• The inductance of a coil and mutual inductance
• Transformers
Electromagnetic Induction
at the power plant

Electrical generator
Electromagnetic Induction
at the power plant

Electrical generator – opened up


Electromagnetic Induction
in the lab

Ruhmkorff “flashlight”

Induction coil
Electromagnetic Induction
in the lab

Tesla coil
Electromagnetic Induction
in the car

Ignition coil – provides the high voltage to


produce the sparks that ignite the
gasoline vapors in the cylinder

Alternator – recharges
the car battery while you
drive.
Electromagnetic Induction
in the house

Induction stove – no flame or hot plate


Electric generators

• The rectangular coil rotates around


a vertical axis (angular velocity ω).
• Each vertical side of the coil “cuts”
the magnetic field lines.
• EMF is induced in each vertical side.
• The EMF is “collected” by the two
rings and carbon brushes.
• This is an AC generator.

Next, we will look at the magnitude


and polarity of the induced EMF.
AC – current changes direction periodically
position 1 – Lenz’s law in action

F magnetic

-
+
AC – current changes direction periodically
position 1 – alternate use of Lenz’s law

F
v
i

-
+
AC – current changes direction periodically
position 2

i F magnetic

+
+
-

+ -
The EMF changes polarity during each cycle
Alternate Current (AC)
The magnitude of the EMF

View from the top


𝑣Ԧ
𝐵

𝑣Ԧ
𝑤
𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟 = 𝜔
2
𝜃 = 𝜔𝑡
E1 = 𝐵𝐿𝑣 sin(𝜃) The EMF induced in one vertical side
The magnitude of the EMF

E1 = 𝐵𝐿𝑣 sin(𝜃) The EMF induced in one vertical side

𝑤
𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟 = 𝜔
2

E = 2𝐵𝐿𝑣 sin(𝜃) The EMF induced in the loop (adding the effects of
the two vertical sides)

𝑤
E= 2𝐵𝐿𝜔 sin(𝜃) = 𝐵𝐿𝜔𝑤sin(𝜃)
2

E = 𝐵𝐴𝜔 sin 𝜃 = E0sin(ω𝑡)


The magnitude of the EMF

E0 = 𝐵𝐴𝜔 Maximum value of the EMF (remember rms value, too)

2𝜋 𝜔
T= f= Period and frequency of the EMF.
𝜔 2𝜋

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