Mejoras al STP
INDICE
Rapid Spanning-Tree Protocol (RSTP) - (IEEE802.1w)
Per-VLAN Spanning-Tree (PVST+)
Multiple Spanning-Tree Protocol (MSTP)
2
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
(RSTP)
IEEE 802.1w
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
W. Wojdak , “Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol: A new solution from
an old technology” CompactPCI Systems -2003
(PDF en web asignatura)
“Understanding Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (802.1w)”, Cisco White paper
(http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/lan-switching/spanning-tree-protocol/24062-146.html)
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RSTP IEEE 802.1w
01 02
111 Bloqueado
111,0
03 04
Designated
Port-ID
01 02 01 02 Root
Bridge-ID
222 333 Cost
111,10 111,10
03 04 03 04 Edge
Root-ID
01 02
444 Objetivo de RSTP = mejorar los tiempos
de reconfiguración del árbol
111,20
03 04
STP [segundos … un minuto]
RSTP [menos de 1 seg … pocos seg.]
Figura 1 5
PORT STATUS & ROLE: DIFERENCIAS
“RSTP splits the Blocking Port role
into Backup and Alternate port roles”
Port role
STP RSTP backup
Root port igual
Designated port igual (*) alternate alternate
Blocking port ---------- Backup o Alternate
Designated Port alternativo (*) Designated-Edge ports
para una misma LAN Root Port alternativo
siempre en Forwarding 6
BACKUP VS ALTERNATE PORTS
01 02
111 Root
111,0
03 04
01 02 Alternate Port
222
111,10
03 04
Backup Port
Figura 3 Figura 4
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ROL DE LOS PUERTOS
Una vez el algoritmo RSTP converge a un estado estable, el rol de los
puertos queda determinado de la siguiente manera:
En cada puente hacer:
Si mi Bridge-ID es el más bajo entonces soy el puente ROOT y todos mis
puertos son “designated-port”
(excepción: si hay más de un puerto conectado a un mismo segmento el backup
puerto con número más bajo roll=“designated-port” (estado=forwarding) y el resto
roll=backup-port (estado=discarting) )
En resto de puentes no-ROOT:
(1) el puerto por donde se recibe el “mejor mensaje” “root-port” (forwarding)
(2) (resto de puertos) Si el mensaje BPDU que se transmite en ese puerto es mejor que los
mensajes que se reciben en ese puerto entonces “designated-port” sino “blocked-port”
(3) Si el puerto es “blocked-port”,
entonces si por ese puerto recibe un “mejor mensaje” de él mismo
entonces backup-port”
y si el mejor mensaje viene de otro puente entonces “alternate-port”
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ROL PUERTOS
Ejercicio:
Indique el rol-estado de los puertos
Switch ID
A
Port # 1 2 3 4 5
1 2 1 2 3 4
C B
3 4 5 6
1 2
1 2
D
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ROL PUERTOS
Estado Rol
forwarding r root port
Solución: d designated port
A
blocking a alternate port
b backup port
1 2 3 4 5
d d b d
d
Active link
r a r a a a
1 2 1 2 3 4
C B
3 4 5 6
a a d b
1 2
Inactive link
r a
1 2
D
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FORMATO DE LAS BPDUs
Prácticamente el mismo que el de STP.
Diferencias:
STP usa sólo 2 bits del campo “flags”: TC y TCA
RSTP usa 4 bits para codificar ROL y ESTADO del puerto que manda la DPDU
y 2 bits para manejar el mecanismo proposal/agreement.
BPDU
STP RSTP
Protocol identifier 0 0
version 0 2
menssage type 0/128 2 (sólo existe el de configuración)
TCA, reserved, TC
root-ID
cost
bridge-ID
port-ID
message age 00 Unknown
max. Age 01 Alternate/Backup
10 Root
hello time 11 Designated
forward delay
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DIFERENCIAS OPERATIVAS STP - RSTP
Basado en temporizadores Necesario Full-Duplex
SYNC handshake/operation
No se comunica a los vecinos el Backup – Alternate
rol/status de los puertos
Perdida de conexión con Root Perdida de conexión con Root
Max Age (tip. 20 seg) 3 Hello consecutivos (3x2 seg)
Si punto-a-punto detección hardware
(link test pulse) (50-150 mseg) (VTC)
Cambios de Topología Cambios de Topología
1) TC a Root y de Root a hojas (seg) 1) TC en BPDU a vecinos (inundación)
2) TimeOut corto (+seg) 2) No TimeOut eliminación inmediata
3) Forward delay (+15+15 seg) 3) Alternate root port inmediato
Comprobación de Edge Ports
Edge Ports siempre en Forwarding
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01 02 01 02
STP vs RSTP 111 111
111,0 111,0
03 04 03 04
01 02 01 02 01 02 01 02
222 333 222 333
111,10 111,10 111,30 111,10
03 04 03 04 03 04 03 04
root port 01 02 alternate port designate port 01 02 root port
444 444
111,20 111,20
03 04 03 04
Figura 6
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SYNC operation
Designated + Discarding port
Designated + Discarding ports
Root-port
New link between Switch A and the 2. 3.
Root switch becomes available:
a) Switch A blocks the non-edge At this stage, the newly blocked ports
1. designated ports (sync). on Switch A also negotiate a quick
The link between Switch A and the b) bridge A explicitly authorizes the transition to the forwarding state with
root bridge is blocked, and both root bridge to put its port in the their neighbor ports on Switch B and
bridges exchange BPDUs forwarding state (agreenment Switch C that both initiate a sync
bit) operation.
Root pone el puerto en
(designated+discarding) y… Switch B only has edge designated
ports. Therefore, it has no port to
…Root sets the proposal bit on the
block.
BPDUs it sends out
The final network topology is reached, just in the time necessary for the new BPDUs
to travel down the tree. No timer is involved in this quick convergence. 14
PROPOSAL/AGREEMENT SEQUENCE
edge
alternate designated
In order to illustrate the effect of the sync Once p0 receives that agreement, it can
mechanism on different kind of ports, suppose there immediately transition to the forwarding state.
exists an alternate port p2, a designated forwarding This is step 4 of the preceding figure. Notice
port p3, and an edge port p4 on Switch A. Notice that port p3 is left in a designated discarding
that p2 and p4 already meet one of the criteria. In state after the sync. In step 4, that port is in the
order to be in sync (see step 2 of the preceding exact same situation as port p0 is in step 1. It
diagram), Switch A just needs to block port p3, and then starts to propose to its neighbor, and
assign it the discarding state. Now that all of its ports attempts to quickly transition to the forwarding
are in sync, Switch A can unblock its newly selected state.
root port p1 and send an agreement message to
reply to the root. 15
PROPOSAL SYNC AGREENMENT
proposal agreenment
proposal
sync
alternate edge
designated
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APÉNDICE: FAULT FINDER: IDENTIFYING CABLE PROBLEMS WITH VCT
In this article, we'll explore a new technology
for detecting faults on cable lines that is built
directly into the Ethernet PHY
TDR Provides the Key
VCT technology uses time domain reflectometry
(TDR) to diagnose the attached cable plant.
Similar to the principle of radar, TDR is the
analysis of a conductor by sending a pulsed
signal into the conductor, and then examining
the reflection of that pulse. When the transmitted
pulse reaches the end of the cable, or a fault
along the cable, part or all of the pulse energy is
reflected back to the source. The VCT algorithm
measures the time it takes for the signal to travel
down the cable, see the problem and reflect
back. This measured time is converted to
distance and made available through internal
registers in the Ethernet PHY.
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