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[x Stasstical Measures applicable t-
Eno-Ter EXAMEN ATION _ c at CJ
4 Scatssg Data. Statistical Measures Api cable on them.
[a Major Scades, 4. Dato.
eb Nominal Data Reprise cab
Staristi cal Measures styucen Re
Je Mode — Atghest
2+ Prequeouy a distsibuten— count of cosewarion wiyein each 7
dD Ordinal Pat
ane craved ina meaninp hut sequence gt O Yank.
Repsesents careforical dara where values
[1s Median - Middte most value. Divides datainte # ial bons,
2. Quartile ~ Divides data into 4 posts: Cequald
3. ferceatile - Divides data into woo equal parts.
"|Utt®) aatervat Scake = Represent
data where the Aijercace
perwern two values #3 meaning |
+ These is no true tero fofat tn thfs scale. Cate)
+ Tadudes both ponttive and nefatve Valies
# Statstical Measures applicablet-
| \+ Mean - Average 4 Valtses :
2. Standard Deviation - arnount: of Navi about mean -
2. Range ¢ dijyrance between Nighest and lowest means:
4. Variance - spread belrotem valird
S- Median - middle most values.
6. Mode = Hrghate yrequeatiam
- ‘ p
wv) Ratio & 1 Repsaents dota wherethe watto beween
dota a fotnts |valuss fe TORRE
I. Seat) pate hos o vue zero polnb
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+ Fncludes only postttve-
x Staristical Measures abplicaile
1. Standavd Deviation - amount | yamiahion about mean
fg. Mean Avnvage e atl values
3. Coufraent 4 aviation = velative variability qf data. axound
mean
@& Explato the preproceming: tectniquis 4 Standardisatfon and
Novmatisation |
co) Outiiers Identification and ways to deal with outliers.
Alcoa and Normatisaton ave both techniques Caed fn
data pre-proceratn& to scale numerical jeatures or Navfables to
asimilay range.
# Beth axe sfmilay fn the foal i scalin§ Aaka ALljyen tn approach,
ate Apa disetibutten G daka.
>| Rescatas the data 40 that t > scating- (a)
2 ft has a mean 4 '0' and
}« standard dewiation 9 ‘1’, Sener
+ Centers the data around mean and scales tt by standard
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= ming =r ty era ay
Caries
data sothabs
E) Novmakicatt
Rescates th,
Data falls into a vanfe between “ot and “4"
~Hecarty scales the data based on manddmum and mtatmuen
values”
aatatrum,
sNormauisatten ean be AUT Eee cree
and martinum ave abpecteat by thorn
era doa oo ee
Tdentityiah anc Gating missing valus fs cxuctal to data
12 eneure aectvake and vellable vesuits- :
O Visual zospeckton - Niewadisin§ the data using chats or
“ sed missing values, Gaps tn plot or charts
Indicate missing data botnts
(2 Summary Statistics =
Coteudating summary stab'chtcs
Such as Mean, median or count can eveab tatsstnge Vatues
ba Unusual vales Such ob extreme outliers 2 unexpected
| freqtenctes , might fodteate ma tsstng data-
4 _b flegraromtng methods > Usiliain prebrommte ta fuafes
fuchas Fyinon oF Rand using thety Speethic piactions to
Askeot mfesind aliens, : if
B)dernato tnowleser UndsrstandtoG We coarouk
and tts expitted Values can hel Beaty niesin,
_ doko.
Condtttonal formating
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i Ferment g Mesto Values t=
~_@ deeeetens Delete vartabies| records welth MteshnR Malis. Tis
method is Shralghtieroard but may Lad to tose 4 valuable
¢ t
_Inormatten, especially tt nfesing values ase not ander.
“T's may afyeut tne Exealofity and auuthentidty of the data
post analysis. "
lacement + Replace méssinf values cvith estmated or
coludabed Values Mean zi no outlters wctet.
Medan — ft] curlers eetst. |
@ Using mere advanced techniques Dive
Regrensten
Fmputation
E-neavest nelghboure Imputation Ck -nn}
@) Missing values can also be replaced | fe using the
iW wp down obticn zu —— vi S
Gi) Frediictten Models’: Prediction models can be wisedl to fill
missing values provided the nofssing values are In tanget
Nartable. Predichien {5 bared en alternate voviables.
__ ©) Advanced Techniquia Mutttble fmputatton techniquus that
wikilise algorttnins to fenewake data fer mfasing | blank
Spaces such arty @ Dectston Tee
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_|__ performance and usabs
fa tes pred afgroach
eeeesiatinne
eb fcor
(a) Bxplatn Stay hema to Power BE with an example.
(0) Fuplatn Fact and Simensien Tables 2
60 Explaia the Ailjrence between Normalised and -
Denormaltted data Oe tay ie
6 Explain the tured case 4 Stax Schema y 5 Sovofiake schema
600 Stoy schema {5 avemmen dater AHodelling technique used
— fer erganisin§ data into a c4nbrol ject table Ssuxroundecl
YY Uiroonsion tables — Ceales oy rover)
+ The eee table cor tans numerical Mesures, While
dimension tables Provide centent for those |
ike preduct, autemer, or time
| __+ This dustin Simplbjes: quenin§ and an
__Nfsualteattons. cacti
* 4 to Yodarstand and comprehend
2 Met OF Cousins tarnifence’) teds opFintse. use tprth’s
Schema
ee PS
it _ Stax Schema ———.
“Dake =D a
Date Ohvensten sme, tke ————
a srr
Product pimension
¥ Proctace r)-——— aa ea —
tabeGor i shee > Location,
“asd —_______* fete ee
+ Supplier * tustorec®), oe
+Totalsats + Qty sad
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2a,
See .
|e) Fact Tables i=
1A fect table eenesas a ceotral table in data medietting
techniques suchas Stor Schema and Snexa| schema.
-A face table dypicathy Contains quanti tattve data, alee
tf
Pnown as measures OF metres that yebsesent dui nuns
transactions oF events » Cadlis Seuenu, Prefits, quantity sold).
+ Graqulaityr aut tables ave usually ok a transachion oh bueel
4 franulart 2 Capturing individuial events g transachons
: eI Powe BIt Crucial tor creating dnsi reports
ae: in Fousew = stati
Nurmevic data tan be On a fared on Vomious dimensions
Orie ee Steed in
Daj pal dirmensven tables
|
|
Disnenstem Tables
+ A Dimension Table Plays a erurtal rete io oxgani sing
[reviding emtext to te data stexed tn feet table.
+A Dimension table contains qyalttatine [dsrent tive.
attributes that prowide context anol additional data in
the {alt takte- Customer 0, automey tocitien, cademer < encle
+ Hetp fn Cateforvaing analys ais and fpitestog data ao
“vanfous pespecttues.
bebe
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nae Yelated. tat —Mivolves fever tables
Sombe a ‘
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I
ing desta integrity. | Atembromvses! , data Inte,
—— ams eas as og
_[t Mest Br tocls eptionise use
Icey Nemalised Dako ____—DeNesmnaticed Data _
Procese 4 exganising decba to Process Lamers fables
enininnse vudiiedany ard to reducce tne Se Sl
Sang by ANiding large eins Nscded for queries, often 4
| fables into Smatler ense and __Tautking tn duplicated data,
fedefining owlationships betwee but faster tuemy besformanee.
fin Y fpr query be
Rormatised dato te stosed in Penevmalised data usual
__Peqpives move storage space
____ dhe to Aupicared a dato across
A Sei ss tables
Cauplicated dasel)
=a enfin need te be. ry hy
alo nea od matitbe Places
Com lene oa «pins Foster g :
Clovsan ee with a oe "
large datas) a.
lerve © Opdates |roed it Feahiens |
(A) Star-Schema
#Propwredabpreach = Tae MEAP ASAE Corn
_ft Fasy to understand
—spreeath ders used
» Jd If seme data woanehs
fpr this eche
Oakes WIP many -te-ma
> Fowes & Br dvab of-and ~avop a S hetroten dimensim
joo pole a
pp Sed choice fer smaltecdate
pe Supper jira ‘sues,
fe Comper quesrits Find
multiple dimension tables
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