WHAT IS PROJECT?

- Activity to meet the creation of a unique product or service

Elements of a Project
- SCOPE: This involves the project's size, goals, and requirements.
- RESOURCES: You'll need people, equipment, and materials in place
- TIME: This doesn't just address how much time the project will take overall
- MONEY: Have a firm grasp on cost, contingencies, and profit

WHAT IS PROJECT MANAGEMENT?

- Is the application of processes, methods, skills, knowledge and experience to achieve
specific project.
OVERALL IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- Project management can be a hard skill to acquire, but most definitely comes with its
benefits and it is well worth investing your time into learning the skill.

MEASURABLE GOAL: In order for a goal to be SMART, it must be measurable, and in order
to track your progress towards your goal, you have to know how to measure it.
ACHIEVABLE GOALS: another criterion for a SMART goal is discerning if the goal you’ve
defined is realistic
RELEVANT GOAL: That means your goal, even after meeting all the prior criteria, must now
align with other relevant goals because success requires the support and assistance from
everyone on the project team.
TIME-RELATED GOALS: A SMART goal will always be time-related because goals often
cannot be achieved without a deadline.
STRENGHTS: are things that your organization does particularly well, or in a way that
distinguishes you from your competitors.
WEAKNESSES: Weaknesses, like strengths, are inherent features of your organization, so
focus on your people, resources, systems, and procedures. Think about what you could
improve, and the sorts of practices you should avoid.
OPPORTUNITIES: Are openings or chances for something positive to happen, but you’ll need
to claim them from yourself!
THREATS: Threats include anything that can negatively affect your business from the outside,
such as supply chain problems, shifts in market requirements, or a shortage of recruits.
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
- Management is essential to any organization that wishes to be efficient and achieve its
aims.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT
➢ UNIVERSAL: All the organizations, whether it is profit-making or not, they require
management, for managing their activities
➢ GOAL-ORIENTED: Every organization is set up with a predetermined objective and
management helps in reaching those goals timely, and smoothly.
➢ CONTINUOUS PROCESS: It is an ongoing process which tends to persist as long as
the organization exists
➢ MULTI-DIMENSIONAL: Management is not confined to the administration of people
only
➢ GROUP ACTIVITY: An organization consists of various members who have different
needs, expectations and beliefs
➢ DYNAMIC FUNCTION: An organization exists in a business environment that has
various factors like social, political, legal, technological and economic.
➢ INTANGIBLE FORCE: Management can neither be seen nor touched but one can feel
its existence

✓ PLANNING: It is the first and foremost function of management

✓ ORGANIZING: Once the plans are formulated, the next step is to organize the activities
and resources
✓ STAFFING: It involves hiring personnel for carrying out various activities of the
organization.
✓ DIRECTING: It is the task of the manager to guide, supervise, lead and motivate the
subordinates
✓ CONTROLLING: The controlling function of management involves a number of steps to
be taken to make sure that the performance of the employees is as per the plans.

UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATION
- An organization is nothing but a common platform where individuals from different
backgrounds come together and work as a collective unit to achieve certain objectives
and targets
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: Every organization comprises of people who run it.
PURPOSE OF ORGANIZING: The main purpose of such a structure is to help the organization
work towards its goals.
NATURE OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The structure of an organization should
always be dynamic. A static and rigid structure only creates difficulties and hurdles.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: Every time an organization
creates its structure, it has to consider various factors

WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE?

- For HR professionals to have any impact on culture, they must first have a thorough
understanding of what culture is in a general sense and what their organization's specific
culture is.

✓ HUMAN NATURE. Are people inherently good or bad, mutable or immutable,

proactive
✓ THE ORGANIZATION'S RELATIONSHIP TO ITS ENVIRONMENT. How
does the organization define its business and its constituencies?
✓ APPROPRIATE EMOTIONS. Which emotions should people be encouraged
to express, and which ones should be suppressed?
✓ EFFECTIVENESS. What metrics show whether the organization and its
individual components are doing well?

FACTORS THAT SHAPE AN ORGANIZATION'S CULTURE

- Most company cultures are not that different from one another. Even organizations in
disparate industries such as manufacturing and health care tend to share a common
core of cultural values.

VALUES: At the heart of organizations' cultures are commonly shared values

✓ OUTCOME ORIENTATION. Emphasizing achievements and results.
✓ PEOPLE ORIENTATION. Insisting on fairness, tolerance and respect for the
individual.
✓ TEAM ORIENTATION. Emphasizing and rewarding collaboration.
✓ ATTENTION TO DETAIL. Valuing precision and approaching situations and
problems analytically.
✓ STABILITY. Providing security and following a predictable course.
✓ INNOVATION. Encouraging experimentation and risk-taking.
✓ AGGRESSIVENESS. Stimulating a fiercely competitive spirit.
DEGREE OF HIERARCHY
- is the extent to which the organization values traditional channels of authority
DEGREE OF URGENCY
- The degree of urgency defines how quickly the organization wants or needs to drive
decision-making and innovation

PEOPLE ORIENTATION OR TASK ORIENTATION

- Organizations usually have a dominant way of valuing people and tasks

FUNCTIONAL ORIENTATION
- Every organization puts an emphasis on certain functional areas

ORGANIZATIONAL SUBCULTURES
- Any organization can have a mix of subcultures in addition to the dominant culture.

GIVE THE DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

1. MAKE PROPER USE OF THE AVAILABLE RESOURCES: The primary aim of

establishing a business is to make a profit.
2. ENSURE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH: Another objective of
management is to ensure business development and growth in every area of the firm,
which is very paramount
3. QUALITY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES: The quality of products or services a firm
render can have a significant impact on the customer base.
4. AVAILABILITY OF GOODS AND SERVICES: A company that places top priority on
customer satisfaction will do everything possible to ensure that quality products are
always available
5. ENSURING DISCIPLINE IN THE WORKPLACE: Another objective of management is
to uphold discipline in the workplace and do whatever is necessary to boost the morale
of employees.
6. ATTRACTING THE BEST CANDIDATES FOR THE JOB: Ensuring that the right
candidates are employed and given the needed support can impact the progress of any
business significantly
7. MAKE FUTURISTIC PLANS: Every management understands that there is always
room for improvement.
8. REDUCE THE ELEMENT OF RISKS: Being able to predict the future accurately is one
thing management may not be able to do.
 9. COORDINATION: One very critical objective of management is to ensure proper
coordination and interaction between the various departments and human resources
within an organization.
10. PROMOTES RESEARCH AND BUSINESS GROWTH: Among the objectives of
management, one of the most critical of them all is making sure that an organization is
ahead of its competitors
DISCUSS THE MANAGEMENT ROLES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS

➢ TOP LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT: It consists of board of directors, chief executive or

managing director.
➢ MIDDLE LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT: The branch managers and departmental
managers constitute middle level.
➢ LOWER LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT: Lower level is also known as supervisory /
operative level of management.

DISCUSS THE BASIC MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES AND MANAGERIAL SKILLS

1. DIVISION OF WORK: In practice, employees are specialized in different areas and they
have different skills.
2. AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY: In order to get things done in an organization,
management has the authority to give orders to the employees.
3. DISCIPLINE This third principle of the 14 principles of management is about obedience.
4. UNITY OF COMMAND The management principle ‘Unity of command’ means that an
individual employee should receive orders from one manager and that the employee is
answerable to that manager
5. UNITY OF DIRECTION This management principle of the 14 principles of management
is all about focus and unity.
6. SUBORDINATION OF INDIVIDUAL INTEREST There are always all kinds of interests
in an organization
7. REMUNERATION Motivation and productivity are close to one another as far as the
smooth running of an organization is concerned.
8. THE DEGREE OF CENTRALIZATION Management and authority for decision-making
process must be properly balanced in an organization
9. SCALAR CHAIN Hierarchy presents itself in any given organization
10. . ORDER According to this principle of the 14 principles of management, employees in
an organization must have the right resources at their disposal so that they can function
properly in an organization.
11. EQUITY The management principle of equity often occurs in the core values of an
organization.
12. STABILITY OF TENURE OF PERSONNEL This management principle of the 14
principles of management represents deployment and managing of personnel and this
should be in balance with the service that is provided from the organization.
 13. INITIATIVE Henri Fayol argued that with this management principle employees should
be allowed to express new ideas.
14. . ESPRIT DE CORPS The management principle ‘esprit de corps’ of the 14 principles of
management stands for striving for the involvement and unity of the employees

FIVE MANAGERIAL SKILL

1. TECHNICAL SKILL
2. CONCEPTUAL SKILL
3. INTRAPERSONAL AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS
4. DECISION-MAKING SKILL
5. DIAGNOSTIC AND ANALYTICAL SKILLS

5 STAGES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT

STAGE 1: PROJECT INITIATION: This is the start of the project, and the goal of this phase is to define the
project at a broad level.

STAGE 2: PROJECT PLANNING This phase is key to successful project management and focuses on
developing a roadmap that everyone will follow.

✓ Scope Statement – A document that clearly defines the business need, benefits
of the project, objectives, deliverables, and key milestones
✓ Work Breakdown Schedule (WBS)- representation that breaks down the scope
of the project
✓ Milestones high-level goals that need to be met throughout the project
✓ Gantt Chart- visual timeline that you can use to plan out tasks
✓ Communication Plan – This is of particular importance if your project involves
outside stakeholders.
✓ Risk Management Plan – Identify all foreseeable risks

STAGE 3: PROJECT EXECUTION: This is the phase where deliverables are developed and completed.

STAGE 4: PROJECT PERFORMANCE/MONITORING This is all about measuring project progression and
performance and ensuring that everything happening aligns with the project management plan

✓ Project Objectives project is on schedule and budget is an indication

✓ Quality Deliverables: This determines if specific task deliverables are being
met.
✓ Effort and Cost Tracking: PMs will account for the effort and cost of
resources to see if the budget is on track.
✓ Project Performance: This monitors changes in the project
STAGE 5: PROJECT CLOSURE: This phase represents the completed project. Contractors hired to work
specifically on the project are terminated at this time.

UNDERSTANDING THE 5 PHASES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT We all know that Project is an endeavor
that has a definite start and end.