SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES ON NCLEX FOUNDATIONS
DELEGATION / SCOPE OF DUTIES
R.N.-
PLANNING AND HEALTH TEACHING
LICENSURE REQUIREMENTS
ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
NEED FOR KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL
LPN/LVN-
STABLE PATIENTS
STANDARD UNCHANGING PROCEDURES
SIMPLE MONITORING AND IMPLEMENTATION
SEQUENCED/PREDICTABLE OUTCOMES
STATE PRACTICE ACT INCLUSION
UAP-DIRECT
UAP-DIRECT PATIENT CARE ACTIVITY AND STANDARD OPERATING UNCHANGING
PROCEDURES
TRIAGE-GREATEST
TRIAGE-GREATEST GOOD FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE
PRINCIPLES- ABCD , MASLOWS
RED-UNSTABLE – IMMEDIATE CARE
YELLOW- STABLE – CAN WAIT 30-60 MIN
GREEN –STABLE- CAN WAIT LONGER
BLACK- UNSTABLE – FATAL, LAST SEEN
DOA – SUPPORTIVE COMFORT MEASURES
LIVING WILL – DECLARATION OF A COMPETENT INDIVIDUAL
DNR – COMPETENT CLIENTS AND VALUES – PRIORITY
ADVANCE DIRECTIVES- CLEARLY DOCUMENTED , RECEIVED AND UPDATED
PROVIDE COMFORT MEASURES
IF NURSE IS NOT COMFORTABLE – CONSULT NURSE MANAGER
MEET STANDARDS OF CARE
CRITERIA- TERMINAL/BRAIN DEATH – TO PREVENT SUFFERING
RESTRAINTS-NOT
RESTRAINTS-NOT INSTITUTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVENIENCE AND AS A
TREATMENT OF MEDICAL SYMPTOMS(FALSE IMPRISONMENT)
BOTH PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
INFORMED CONSENT-DURATION REQUIRED NOT PRN
ALTERNATIVE MEASURES FIRST
REMOVE Q2h for skin care and ROM
DONE TO PREVENT HARM OR INJURY OR COMPLICATION IF PNT. DISORIENTED (SAFETY)
LIABLE FOR FALSE IMPRISONMENT
LAST RESORT
INFORMED CONSENT(PROXY)
ALTERNATIVE MEASURES FIRST
BENEFITS> RISKS
LENGTH OF TIME AND CIRCUMSTANCES SPECIFIED
ENSURE SAFETY – CIRCULATION CHECKS,SKIN CARE, ROM AND REMOVE Q2H
INCIDENT REPORTS
INCIDENT REPORTS-STATEMENT OF FACTS AND PATIENT’S PHYSICAL RESPONSE FROM
UNEXPECTED OCCURRENCE THAT (COULD/) AFFECT THE CLIENT----SEQUENCE, W/IN 24
HOURS---RISK MANAGER—COMPR. SITUATIONS
NO-REFERENCE , INAPPROPRIATE TERMS OR WORDS, JUDEGMENTAL STATEMENTS, -----
-MONITORING AND DOCUMENTATION
A.M.A.
NOT SYNONYMOUS WITH HAMA WHICH IS RELEASING THE HOSPITAL FROM ANY
LIABILITY AFTER DEPARTURE( THE FORMER MEANS REFUSING A TREATMENT OR
THERAPY)
ASCERTAIN
NOTIFY
Offer assistance
TELEPHONE ORDERS-
ORDERS- REPEAT ORDER TO THE AP AND LET HIM SIGN WITHIN 24 HOURS
INFORMED CONSENT
AGGREED UPON
FACTS KNOWN
TREATMENT
EXPLANATION
RISK UNDERSTOOD
CONSENT CONSIDERATIONS
OB , STD,REHAB ,BLOOD DON.
( MINOR CAN GIVE)
ER, LIFE THREATENING(IMPLIED)
MENTALLY ILL(INCAPABLE)
MODELS FOR DELIVERY OF NURSING
CASE METHOD-TOTAL CARE-CONSISTENCY
FUNCTIONAL METHOD-TASK ORIENTED- CENTRALIZED DIRECTION AND CONTROL
TEAM NURSING-TEAM COORDINATED CARE-INDIV. ROLES –EFFICIENCY
PRIMARY NURSING-COMPREHENSIVE,INDVIDUALISTIC, CONSISTENT – TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
AND MNGT.SKILLS
CASE MNGT. COMPREHENSIVE CONTINOUS CARE
MANAGED CARE- COST CONTAINMENT
DIFFERENTIATED-COMPETENCY-DELINEATION
IMMUNIZATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
SEVERE FEBRILE ILLNESS
LIVE VIRUSES C/I FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
ALLERGIES
RECENTLY ACQUIRED PASSIVE IMMUNITY(BLOOD TRANSFUSION AND
IMMUNOGLOBULINS)
if child –no evidence of immunization <7 y.o.
Give DPT,TOPV,TINE
4-6 WKS LATER MMR
1 MONTH AFTER DPT AND TOPV
REPEATED IN ANOTHER MONTH
AGAIN IN 10-16 MOS.
CAN GIVE DPT,MMR,TOPV, AND TINE SIMULTANEOUSLY
TD- 2 DOSES 4-8 WKS APART;3RD DOSE 6-12 MOS;BOOSTER AT 10 YRS FO LIFE
OPV/IPV – 2 DOSES AT 4-8 WKS APART ; 3RD DOSE 2 -12 MOS AFTER 2ND(OPV NOT
USED IN US)
MMR-ONE DOSE – 12 MOS
VARICELLA – TWO DOSES 4-8 WEEKS APART STARTS AT 12 MOS.
HEPA B – 3 DOSES;2ND 1-2 MOS AFTER;3RD 4-6 MS AFTER
PPV- ONE DOSE ;IF 65 AND RECEIVED > 5YEARS – ADMINISTER
INFLUENZA –ANNUALLY EACH FALL
Allergy Considerations:
EGGS – INFLUENZA , MMR
NEOMYCIN – VARICELLA,IPV,MMR
YEAST – HEPA-B
GELATIN – VARICELLA
PREGNANCY C/I: MMR AND VARICELLA
IMMUNOSUPPRESSED; VARICELLA
WITH Ig or BT PREVIOUS 3-11 MOS – MMR AND VARICELLA
DPT - IM – ANTERIOR OR LATERAL THIGH
FEVER AND SWELLING 24-48 H POTENTIAL
SERIOUS-CONVULSIONS,HYPERPYREXIA,LOC AND SCREAMING
MMR – SC – ANTERIOR OR LATERAL THIGH
RASH, FEVER ARTHRITIS-10DAYS-2 WKS
TRIVALENT OPV – PO
PPD-ID- 4-6/11-16YRS.OLD IN HIGH PREVALENCE AREAS – EVALUATED 48-72 HOURS
GLASGOW COMA SCALE=15 POINTS, 7 COMA
EYE OPENING
SPONTANEOUS=4
TO VERBAL COMMAND=3
TO PAIN=2
NO RESPONSE=1
MOTOR RESPONSE
TO VERBAL COMMAND=6
TO PAINFUL STIMULI/LOCALIZES PAIN=5
FLEXES AND WITHDRAWS=4
DECORTICATE=3
DECEREBRATE=2
NO RESPONSE=1
VERBAL RESPONSE
ORIENTED,CONVERSES=5
DISORIENTED,CONVERSES=4
USES INAPPROPRIATE WORDS=3
USES INCOMPREHENSIBLE SOUNDS=2
NO RESPONSE=1
PIAGET’S COGNITIVE THEORY
0-2 SENSORIMOTOR
REFLEXES
IMITATIVE REPETITIVE BEHAVIOR
SENSE OF OBJECT PERMANENCE AND SELF SEPARATE FROM ENVT.
TRIAL AND ERROR RESULTS IN PROBLEM SOLVING
2-7Y PRE-OPERATIONAL
SELF-CENTERED,EGOCENTRIC
CANNOT CONCEPTUALIZE OTHER’S VIEW
ANIMISTIC THINKING
IMAGINARY PLAYMATE – SYMBOLIC MENTAL REPRESENTATION – CREATIVITY
2-4 PRE-CONCEPTUAL (PRE-LOGICAL)
4-7 INTUITIVE (UNDERSTANDING OF ROLES)
7-12Y CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
LOGICAL CONCRETE THOUGHT
INDUCTIVE RESAONING (SPECIFIC TO GENERAL)
CAN RELATE ,PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY
REASONING AND SELF-REGULATION
12-ABOVE FORMAL OPERATIONAL THOUGHT
Abstract thinking
Separation of fantasy and fact
Reality oriented
Deductive reasoning
Apply scientific method
Kohlberg – MORAL DEVELOPMENT/
DEVELOPMENT/ THINKING/ JUDGEMENT
PRE-CONVENTIONAL (0-6)
PUNISHMENT AND OBEDIENCE
OBEDIENCE TO RULES TO AVOID PUNISHMENT
CONVENTIONAL ( 6-12 )
MUTUAL INTERPERSONAL EXPECTATIONS,RELATIONSHIPS AND CONFORMITY
SOCIAL SYSTEM AND CONSCIENCE MAINTENANCE
BEING GOOD IS IMPORTANT SELF RESPECT OR CONSCIENCE
POST –CONVENTIONAL (12 – 18 Y)
PRIOR RIGHT OR SOCIAL CONTRACT
UNIVERSAL ETHICAL PRINCIPLE
ABIDE FOR COMMON GOOD
RATIONAL PERSON-VALIDITY OF PRINCIPLES-AND BECOME COMMITTED TO THEM
INNER CONTROL OF BEHAVIOR UNDERSTANDING THE EQUALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS
AND DIGNITY OF HUMAN BEINGS AS INDIVIDUALS
Universal Precautions
Strict Isolation-highly
Isolation-highly transmissible diseases by direct contact and airborne routes of transmission
Private room,gowns, mask , gloves, handwashing,double bagged techniques for soiled articles
Diptheria(pharyngeal),Herpes Zoster, Varicella , Pneumonia( S.Aureus , Strep,group A)
Respiratory Isolation-droplet
Isolation-droplet transmission(3 feet)
Private rom,patient w/ same organism,mask,handwashing,labelled plastic bags for soiled articles
H. influenza, measles, mumps, N. Meningitidis
Tuberculosis/ AFB isolation-suspected
isolation-suspected / active TB
Private room with negative pressureventilation so that air room is vented outside, mask, handwashing,
bronchoscopy and dental examination postponed until 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy
Tuberculosis
Contact Isolation – infectious disseases or multiple resistant microorganisms that are spread by direct contact
or close contact
Private room , mask gown , gloves
diptheria( cutaneous), Herpes simplex, MRSA , Pediculosis , Scabies , Syphilis
Enteric Precautions – infectious diseases transmitted through direct or indirect contact with infected feces.
Handwashing , gloves , gowns worn only when handling contaminated objects with feces
Aseptic meningitis, AGE , Hepa A , Typhoid fever, diarrhea (CDT )
Drainage / Secretions precautions – patients with wound drainage or infected wounds
Gloves, gowns indicated if clothing is likely to be contaminated
Burns
Universal Blood and Body fluids precautions – blood borne , body fluids pathogens ( blood , semen , vaginal
secretions , CSF , synovial fluid , pleural fluid , peritoneal fluid , pericardial fluid , amniotic fluid and tissues.
Gloves , mask, protective eyegears, gown , contaminated needles not recapped and sharps in puncture
resistant containers
Aids , Hepatitis B and C , STD’s
Reversed isolation
Patient is protected from pathogens and nosocomial infections by instituting reversed transmission
precautions
Burns and open wounds, patients with artificial airway , immunocompromised patients – leukemia , AIDS ,
steroid therapy , radiation or cancer chemotherapy , medication effect of leukopenia or agranulocytosis
ANXIETY
MILD – SLIGHT AROUSAL AND INCREASED PERCEPTION
MODERATE-INC. TENSION AND SELECTIVE INATT.
SEVERE – DEC. PERCEPTION AND FOCUSSED ENERGY
PANIC – OVERPOWERING AND LOSS OF CONTROL
POSITIONING FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS
ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM SURGERY-FOWLERS
ASTHMA – ORTHOPNEIC POSITION
AUTNOMIC DYSREFLEXIA-HIGH FOWLERS
POST BRONCHOSCOPY-SEMI FOWLERS
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION-KEEP INSETION SITE EXTENDED FOR 4-6 HOURS TO PREVENT
ARTERIAL OCCLUSION
CAST – ELEVATE EXTREMITY
CATARACT – SEMI FOWLERS
CEREBRAL ANEURYSM – SEMI - FOWLERS
CLEFT LIP – SUPINE
CLEFT PALATE – PRONE
CHF – HIGH FOWLERS
CRANIOTOMY – SUPRATENTORIAL – SEMI FOWLERS
;INFRATENTORIAL – FLAT
ICP – LEVATE HEAD
DUMPING SYNDROME – SUPINE AFTER MEALS
EPISTAXIS – LEAN FORWARD
FLAIL CHEST – AFFECTED SIDE
FEMORO-POPLITEAL BYPASS GRAFT – AFFECTED EXTREMITY EXTENDED
GLAUCOMA(POST OP) – AFFECTED SIDE
HEMORROIDECTOMY – SIDE LYING
HIATAL HERNIA- UPRIGHT
HIP SURGERY – LEGS IN ABDUCTION
LAMINECTOMY – BACK AS STRAIGHT AS POSSIBLE
LIVER BIOPSY – RIGHT SIDE LYING
LOBECTOMY – SEMI FOWLERS
POST LP – FLAT
MASTECTOMY – ELEVATE EXTREMITY ON PILLOW
MYELOGRAM – WATER BASED DYE – ELEVATE THE HEAD --- OIL BASED DYE - FLAT
POSTURAL DRAINAGE – LUNG SEGMENT – UPPERMOST POSITION
PROLAPSED CORD – KNEE-CHEST
PULMONARY EDEMA – FOWLERS
PYLORIC STENOSIS – RIGHT SIDE LYING
RADIUM IMPLANT – FLAT ON BED
RETINAL DETACHMENT – AFFECTED SIDE TOWARDS THE BED
SEIZURE – SIDE-LYING
SHOCK – MODIFIED TRENDELENBURG
SCI – IMMOBILIZE
TONSILLECTOMY – SIDELYING / PRONE
THYROIDECTOME – SEMI – FOWLERS
THROMBOPHLEBITIS – ELEVATE LEG
TPN – TRENDELENBURG – DURING INSERTION
THORACENTESIS – FOWLER’S(DURING)
AFTER – POSITION OF COMFORT
THERAPEUTIC DIET FOR SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
AGE – CLEAR LIQUID
AGN – LOW NA , LOW CHON
ADDISON’S – HIGH NA , LOW K
ANEMIA , PERNICIOUS – HIGH CHON , VIT. B.
ANEMIA SICKLE CELL – HIGH FLUID
GOUT – PURINE RESTRICTED
ADHD AND BIPOLAR – FINGER FOODS
BURN – HIGH CAL. HIGH CHON
CELIAC – GLUTEIN FREE
CHOLECYSTITIS – HIGH CHON, HIGH CARB, LOW FAT
CHF – LOW NA , LOW CHOL.
CROHNS – HIGH CHON AND CHO, LOW FAT
CYSTIC FIBROSIS – HIGH CAL., HIGH NA
LITHIASIS----ACID ASH FOR ALK. STONES------ALK. ASH FOR ACID STONES
DECUBITUS ULCERS – HIGH CHON , HIGH VIT C
DIARRHEA – HIGH K AND NA
DUMPING SYNDROME – HIGH FAT, HIGH CHON,DRY
HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY-LOW CHON
HEPATITIS – HIGH CHON,HIGH CAL.
HIRSPRUNGS – LOW RESIDUE, HIGH CHON AND CHO
CIRRHOSIS – LOW CHON
MENIERE’S LOW NA
MI AND HPN – LOW CHOL.,FATS,NA
HYPERTHYROIDISM- HIGH CAL. AND CHON
HYPOTHYROIDISM – LOW CAL. , LOW CHOL, LOW SAT. FAT
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME – LOW NA, HIGH CHON , HIGH CAL.
HYPERPARATHYROIDISM – LOW CALCIUM
HYPOPARATHYROIDISM – HIGH CA, LOW PHOSPHORUS
OSTEOPOROSIS – HIGH CALCIUM AND HIGH VIT. D
PANCREATITIS – LOW FAT
PUD – HIGH FAT, HIGH CARB. LOW CHON
PKU – LOW CHON / PHENYLALANINE
PIH – HIGH CHON
RENAL FAILURE (ACUTE) – LOW CHON,HIGH CARB
LOW NA (OLIGURIC PHASE)
HIGH CHON , HIGH CAL AND RESTRICTED FLUID (DIURETIC PHASE
RENAL FAILURE (Chronic) – LOW CHON , LOW NA , LOW K
PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF DISEASE
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS---MILESTONES ----DELAYS(FIXATIONS/LAG)
IQ = MA / CA X 100
JUDGEMENT , COMPREHENSION AND LISTENING
DDST – BIRTH TO 6 YEARS
PERSONAL SOCIAL, FINE , GROSS MOTOR AND LANGUAGE SKILL AREAS
HEALTH SCREENING
OB – GYNE / REPRODUCTIVE TESTS
UTZ-5 WKS CONFIRM PREGNANCY AND AOG
AMNIOCENTESIS – 16 WKS-DETECT GENETIC DISORDERS – 30 WEEKS – L/S RATIO
( 2-4 WKS RESULT)(EMPTY Bladder)
OCT – (28 WKS)FHR DECELERATIONS – IV OXYTOCIN 15-20 MIN----3
CONTRACTIONS OBTAINED WITHIN 10 MINUTES- REACTIVE
NST – FHR ACCELERATIONS (32-34 WKS) – 2-MORE FHR ACCELERATION OF
15BPM/MORE LASTING 15 SECS -20 MINS. AND RETURN OF FHR TO
NORMAL/BASELINE – REACTIVE
DOPTONE- 12 WEEKS (18 – 20 WKS-AUSCULTATION)
AFPT-FETAL SERUM CHON , -DETECT NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS – 16-18 WKS
CHORIONIC VILLI SAMPLING –FETAL ABNORMALITIES- 10-12 WKS
NEWBORN/INFANT HEALTH SCREENING
PKU – GUTHRINE BLOOD TEST-EAT CHON FOR 2 DAYS MIN.(PHEONISTICS – DIAPER)
SICKLE CELL DISEASE –ABNORMALLY SHAPED Hg ,
ELISA AND WESTERN BLOT
CARRIER SCREENING FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND SWEAT CHLORIDE TEST
SCHOOL AGE
HEARING AND VISION TESTS
ALLEN PICTURE CARDS
SNELLEN CHART-20/40 AT TODDLER AND 20/20 AT SCHOOL AGE
WEBER’S-SENSORINEURAL AND CONDUCTIVE
RINNE’S- CONDUCTIVE
DENTAL EXAM – STARTS AT 2 YEARS
ADOLESCENT
PPD – INDURATION – 72 HOURS
BSE – (18-20 YRS.) POST MENSTRATION/MONTHLY
TSE – MONTHLY (18-20 YRS)
PELVIC EXAM WITH PAP SMEAR – IF SEXUALLY ACTIVE OR 18 Y.O. ANNUALLY
ADULT/ELDERLY
HPN , DM, HEARING AND VISION
PROSTATE –ANNUALLY@40
Ca CHECK-UPS-Q3Y-20YO ; QY – 40 YO
SIGMOIDOSCOPY- > 50 Y.O. =Q3-5 YRS
FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST- > 50 = ANNUALLY
DIGITAL RECTAL EXAM - > 40 Y.O. = YEARLY
PELVIC EXAM – 18-40 Y.O. =PERFORMED Q 1 – 3 YEARS WITH PAP TEST
MAMMOGRAM – 35-39 = BASELINE
40-49 = Q2Y
50 AND OLDER = QYEAR
NORMAL VITAL SIGNS
NEWBORN= 30 – 50 / MIN; 120 – 140 / MIN; 60/40 – 80/50 mmHg
1 – 4 YEARS= 20 – 40 / MIN; 80 – 140 /MIN; 90/60 – 99/65 mmHg
5 – 12 YEARS= 15 – 25 / MIN; 70 – 115 / MIN; 100/56 – 110/60 mmHg
ADULT= 12 – 20 / MIN; 60 – 100 / MIN ; 90 / 60 –140 / 90 mmHg
“ NOTHING Here on earth can harm you except yourself……..nothing here cannot be done
unless you choose to give up……failure cannot overcome you unless you permit it………AIM
HIGH AND HIT THE MARK”
TRANSCULTURAL CONCEPTS
HINDU – REINCARNATION , AUTOPSY , ORGAN DONATION, CREMATION
ISLAM – NO TO ORGAN DONATION , CREMATION AND AUTOPSY …..CONFESS AND TURN
TO MECCA
JUDAISM – WASHED
NATIVE AMERICAN – NOT TO AUTOPSY
BUDDIST – OK – EUTHANASIA AND WITH LAST RITES
HINDU- all meats and animal shortening
ISLAM- pork , alcohol and beverages(extracts of lemon and vanilla) , animal shortening
and gelatin made of pork
JUDAISM – pork , fowl , shellfish and scavenger fish( without scales or fins) , blood by
ingestion(transfusion –o.k.), packed fods – kosher-properly presserved or fitting
KOSHER- no meat and milk altogether
Pareve – made without milk or meat items
MORMON – alcohol, tobacco, beverages with caffeine stimulants
7TH DAY ADVENTIST – pork , certain seafoods including shelfish, fermented beverages
, vegetables are encouraged
YIN AND YANG – cold foods in hot illness , vice versa
Hot – rash , fever , sorethroat , surgery , ulcer , infection
Cold – Ca , HA , stomach cramps and colds
BEDSIDE SAFETY/EMERGENCY MATERIALS / EQUIPMENTS
AMPUTATION – TOURNIQUET
AUTONOMIS HYPERREFLEXIA – CATHETER
CHEST TUBE DRAINAGE- EXTRA BOTTLE- FORCEPS – VASELINIZED GAUZE
CHOLINERGIC AND MYASTHENIC CRISIS – ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE / TRACHEOSTOMY SET
EPIGLOTITIS - ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE / TRACHEOSTOMY SET
PIH – PADDED MOUTH GAG
PARKINSONS – SUCTION APPARATUS
RADIUM IMPLANT – LEAD CONTAINER , FORCEPS
SENGSTAKEN BLAKEMORE TUBE – SCISSORS
SCI AND THYROIDECTOMY – TRACHEOSTOMY
TONSILLECTOMY – FLASHLIGHT
TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE – OBTURATOR , HEMOSTAT
PREVENTION OF FALLS
L IGHTING
L OWER BED POSITION
L OCATE GRAB BARS AND CALL BELL
S UFFICIENT ORIENTATION
S IDERAILS
S UPERVISE AND ORIENT
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES
PASSIVE ROM-RETENTION OF ROM AND MAINTENANCE OF CIRCULATION
ASSISTIVE- INCREASES MOTION , MAINTAINS MUSCLE TONE
ACTIVE – MAINTAINS MOBILITY OF THE JOINT AND MAINTAINS MUSCLE STRENGTH
RESISTIVE – INCREASES MUSCLE POWER
ISOMETRICS- MAINTENANCE OF STRENGTH AND PREVENTS MUSCULAR ATROPHY
ERGONOMICS-BODY POSITIONING AND MECHANICS
PRIORITY-ASSESS PERSONAL CAPACITY 1ST
USE PROTECTIVE DEVICES/ TRANSFER AIDS
CHANGE POSITION SLOWLY-ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION(DANGLE LEGS FIRST)
PIVOT ON THE STRONGER SIDE,MOVE PNT TOWARDS STRONGER SIDE
USE LARGER MUSCLES OF THE BODY AND FACE THE DIRECTION OF THE MOVEMENT
PULL SHEETS ARE BETTER METHOD THAN SLIDING
ALWAYS MOBILZE MAXIMUM MANPOWER/HAVE AN ASSISTANT STANDING BY.
ROCK FROM FRONT TO BACK/VICE VERSA.WIDE BASE OF SUPPORT, WEIGHT NEAR
MIDLINE OF THE BODY.USE APPROPRIATE TRANSFER AND AMBULATION AIDS. (TRAPEZE,
HOYER LIFT, SLIDE BOARD, DRAW SHEET AND TRANSFER BELT
DANGERS OF IMMOBILITY
DECUBITUS ULCER-OSTEOMYELITIS
OSTEOPOROSIS-PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES AND RENAL CALCULI
INCREASED CARDIAC WORKLOAD- TACHYCARDIA
CONTRACTURES- DEFORMITIES
THROMBUS FORMATION-PULMONARY EMBOLISM
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION-WEAKNESS,FAINTNESS AND DIZZINESS
RESPIRATORY STASIS – HYPOSTATIC PNEUMONIA
CONSTIPATION – FECAL IMPACTION
URINARY STASIS-URINARY RETENTION
NEGATIVE NITROGEN BALANCE-WEIGHT LOSS/DEBILITATION
