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119 views32 pagesMCM. Notes..
Mobile commerce
Uploaded by
Uday KiranCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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/ 32
Qa
Ans;
‘What is Mobile Commerce? Discuss the Scope of Mobile Commerce,
+ Mobile commerce, also known as m-commerce, is defined as the
commercial transactions such as online ban!
portable mobile devices
Process of conducting
6, Paying bills or making purchases using
‘e- uobile phones or tablets ondine.
You can't use your laptop or PC (Personal Computer) everywhere,
mobile phones easil
but you can use your
- You can do online shopping while travelling, transfer money
with the help of mobile phones. Thus, this wireless solution is very much helpful
and rising day by day.
. Séope of Mobile Commerce:
Mobile commerce provides instant connectivity between mobile users regardless of their
* geogr: cation or time of day. With the tremendous growth of wireless and mobile
technology and the rapid-production of cell phones in developing countries around the
world, the scope of.m-commerce has expanded many times over. With the advent of
super-fast 4G access technology, which ensures high-speed data transmission rates in the
order of 50Mbps, m-commerce opens up new perspectives for digital media applications.
So, it is now possible for mobile users to watch their favorite TV programmes’ ot
download and view famous movies in their mobile devices while travelling.
Downloading MP3 music, playing ‘online games or participating in live video _
conferencing while in transit have become a realjty now: Apart from such audio/video
applications, -SMS-based text messaging is widely hccepted in day-to-day business
transactions. Whether to display product promos, to announce new product launches or
“to give atiractive discounts, SMS have become an effective tool for mobile marketing.
SMS-based advertisements have become an integral part of m-cémmerce. The: role that
+ SMS play in giving instant support to customers in the event of any kind of product
failures or delivery delays cannot be ignored or downplayed.
Another major appli i
devices will replace users’ de
in the field of micro payments. Mobile
cards in the near future. The mobile phone
replaces the money in your pocket and offers an affordable, low-risk alternative to credit
/ debit cards to pay anytime, anywhere and for anything. Idexsfcation Number) toa bank for authorization purpose. Mer the successful
verfcation ofthe PIN by the bank, the usee sends a payment request through an SMS
+ Gromhishher mobile to the bank, The payment is done through an account transfer bythe
bank and both the payer and payee get an SMS from the bank regarding the successful
completion of the payment. Thus, a completely cash less payment Is made using the
smcbile phone within 10 to 14 seconds.
(scpeet Mote Conmas)
tionebased, services, such as tracking and
rionitving people / veces, identifying or finding the nearest ATMs /bank
restaurants and local weather traffic reports :
; E
atign where the mabile phone used by &
tified.
icle tricking is used to determine the actual position of th pesrods tobe delivered and
helps in supply chain operation management,
criminal ean be tracked an its cation
“The local wafie and weather report can be created in a lca office and delivered to 8
‘user's mobile phone if desired. The local bank / ATM / hospital / restaurant information
TOMI |
In SMS based transactional payments, the mobile phone is used to send a PIN (Personal 4
With the prices of mobile phope decrea
‘the scope of mobile commerce is ubiquitous, gradually covering al aspects of
fof modem citizens, From mobile banking, mobile browsing ang mobile tick
sradualy Becoming an tntegral port of both the corpo
people
ly and the outnber
mobile applications increasing exo
commerce applications and soon it will become the preferred choice of the di
‘business world,
‘Write down the major benefits of Mobile Cominerce,
8 the mabilé users instant
seopophetee > and time ofthe day, The mobile user
company network and collect information, even when
ely located away frorn the company installation.
ed for making business. taisctons o
“The major benefits of mobile commerce areas follows:
‘+ Anytime- Anywhere
travelling across tie gle. The buses information av
at the fingertips. The rourid the dock
users to conduct business transact
while on the move and at any convenier
theichandheld mobile
+ Good Business Oppor
‘The number of mn
‘your business gets
wets is increasing day by day, $0 through M-Commerce
ge and growing market pice for a variety of goods and EN ELAR RSMAS ‘RNaRERRLORNSRUNCaERIEG IS ES
+ Good Marketing Téat ef eertaee :
Mecommere abo helps businesses trgel customers according to ther location, Companies ty 0 e8ch to the consumer directly througHt M-Commerce, #0 users
service provider, the type of device they use and various ober cera, Thiseanbe | have no need to go facto the sore physically and atthe end it saves users time and
good marketing tool. 4 money, 6 a
‘ Discuss the major im
: 403
ores tone heware | sn
any tine,
+ Process Multiple Orders
‘Mobile commerce allows businesses to process m
‘no long checkout lines, and customers can buy product
+ Costeftective
‘The costs of transactions using mobile devices are relatively low. The
business data, suchas reports, photographs, et. con be captured and tans
elly from the mobile devices without involving any bulky expensive
The cistomer queries can be attended and support provided inst
mobite device, thus making custémer support more comprehe
based micro payments facilitate bank account tanafer within a few seconds and.
the cost of an SMS, In case of mobile biling, users can payor elect bills,
telephone bills petrl, geocery, ete. trough tei mobile phones. The payments
sade inthe mobile phones for such items wil appear as pat of hex mobile phone
; Bills thus eliminating the-need for a third pany payment mechanism such 25
| creditcard. This reduces tie cost of payment to lage extent.
‘+ Personalized Service
‘Mobile commerce.olfers a number of personalized services to the m
depending on their various requirements and purposes. The digital cellular
technology can monitor the location of user performing mobile trans
8 offer ease of use in data entry operations as well as
Keowledge ofthe ue’ osm may ee to dle ny nd eal conte
such as produc availa and dicount information the pte cisemen Vivi eb ape Tee age ser pope 120X150 eon and 50
Timely information such s fight sceules and fight vabity cane élieed dopa Although mebie deve fe rates moby and Mey in
to the user at the last minute: Delivery of time critical as well as emergency i
infomation SMS based noiteon and let canbe est made fe oto of
the user is tracked. The location tracking is also utilized in offering customized
uapons that can be cashed in and , + Small Storage Capacity
‘The mobile devices do not have large storage space. The storage capacity in mobile
Although mobile commerce
* connectivity and location ant
low cost personalized services to the mobile use
i is use in mainstream business wor
The SMs-
disadvantages of mobile commerce ae explainedin detal below:
‘Mobile Device Limitatic ee
Small Seren Size and Poor Resolution :
‘Mobile devices have smaller seceen size and poor resolution which makes them
inconvenient for browsing applications. Data entry can be quit using,
‘small combinational keypad that comes with most ofthe mobile hand held devices.
‘The wide and high resolution screens in conventional desktops or laptops used in
of the customer. Delivery of regional maps, diving
. tine Glrectoztes are aleo potsve li the Location of the cb evices is in the order of 32GB to 128 GB compared to 2TB or higher used in
Js known. Another major advantage of location tracking is that, in criminal desktops/laptops. So, itis difficult to store large video files in mobile devices for
tion of the mobile user can be monitored and recorded as part ~ future use. The mobile applicetion developers must be concerned about the sizeof
5 their applications during the development phase. ]
investigation
+ of the inv process.
moore + Low Spend Processor
Most mebilé devices are equipped with low povrered process with much
‘Sower processing speed compared 1 the more sophisti processors use i
i deskzops ot laptop Such low speed procesors limit the download speed in
robile commerce applictons. The applications requiring too much procesing
power should be avoided as they may become iesiaby slow duc to low speed
Processors Also, epigg the low procesor speed in mind, the mobile websites
‘ust be optinised t ensure customer satisfaction. Unnecessary plugins, ash __;
images and animations shouldbe removed to ensue speed of delivery.
+ LowPowerBadeup
quickly and easily if necessary.
‘Mobile commerce employs public wireless networks for tra
‘Mobile devices use bates as thee power supply. Nozmlly, power fora motile
device lasts upto 23 days depending onthe size ofthe device. After this tine, the
* battery should be recarged, which puts adalitonal stain on
remember to recharge t fom tine time
er, who as to
Network Limitations
‘Mobile commerce depends on wireless networks, which are typiclly slower than wired
ay be suffered. Unless the mobile device is compatible with 3G or 4G technology, the
applications bécome sluggish and unreliable compared to wired network applications.
‘Asnospheiediutbances andthe fading of digas aramid ver wigs Hebert”
sometimes cause serious data errors and can even lead to disconnections.
Bandwidth Restrictions
‘A major disadvantage of mobile commerée isthe bandwidth
limitation on speed of operation in various m‘corpmerce appli
tse frequency spectrum to transmit information across the
location-based tourism, mé
Buiflanee and the provision of local weather and wall EAN IE RETA OILERS
es for geiverating sales In ofder to make these value-added services we
tion developers, is required. In order to
‘ntegrate different mobile services, applications and technologiés in a well-coordina!
snd controlled erchitecrure, a mobile commerce framework needs to be developed. The
purpose of the framework is to develop a structured integration of mobile services, =
applications ad technology resources in order to provide a diverse range of value:
‘added services in various industil sectors while reducing operting costs and
lmproving efficiency in order to altract the end-user population
‘The mobile commerce framework consists ofthe four basic building blocks as follows:
( Content Management
‘This component cleale withthe erestin, distribution and management of a wide vacety ©
of mediazich digital content that can be broveed through the small sereens of mobile >
stevices.
‘The digital content is used in conducting various business transactions such a8 buying
and selling goods, making online payments, promoting products and providing online
‘customer support. An important patt of content management Is the ability to track,
Aitfrent Sntent providers and to maintain nd manage the relationships between them
1 sect and authentic of the content must be guaranteed andthe neces contol |
ution. rights managernent and clearing fnancal settlements all come
under the content management module.
(0 Technology Infeastnictare
mean prepaid series
Mobile Cinhieee' |= Andtd i
° ‘apple10s
Objedivec
“Fecholog iainanaaure
‘Wises Network, Wielny Appin Protos (WAP)
Siew Proven Wal Mobie Browser
‘uate Connae Franawed)
‘AMD Application Development
‘The application development component of mobile commerce framework dels with the
diverse range of mobile commerce applications. The main purpose of these mobile
applicetions is to make the product informetion availabe to the end users and also to
allows the service provider to quickly addeess the growing demands of the macket and
also at the same time offer more profitability and greater cost reduction,
(UV) Business Service Infrastructure «
‘The business service infrastructure forms the backbone of the mobile commerce
framework. It supports the back office functions such as payment services. location and
search functions as'well ag security mencures of the mobile commen srtems The search and other facilities. Such back office systems should be flexible enough and
be able to provide new services quickly. They have a direct impact on the end-use
infrastructures, mobile service providers con a\
ese managed services also offer service providers
to the newer technological environment withot
Above ur compan te or pl mab comme wo a 4
commerce activites revolve around them. Whenever a mobile user tends to download
[MPa mosic or latest movie in hither motile device, sends an SMS requesting online
‘payment to a bank, submits online order form cequesting purchase in a mobile browser
fr books a mobile airline ticket, he/she is indulging in either or al four of the above 4
mobile commerce framework components. In order to cope with the dynamic nature of
the modern day Mestyle, people are demanding more mobility in accessing their
business-applications. A properly integrated and well-coordinated mobile commerce §
framework needs to be developed in order to provide easy-to-use and secure mobile ‘
services, to end customers, The main purpose of a structured and balanced mobile
commerce framework-is to enable businesses to adapt quickly to the latest mobile | -
technologies and ensutecistomer loyalty by providing them improved and enhanced f
th the growing market demands. 4
‘Write about M-Commerce Business Models.
which a business organization,
shows how an organization. can make an investment, add
some Value to the investment, get a finished product or service, and generate income by
selling the'product or service. The incomie generated from the sale must exceed the
Business models specify the
1g them in the value chain. Thus,
ing and formulation of the entire
that are widely used by all of the major e-commerce providers around the world. These
‘The four major mobile commerce business models ate described below:
yyment Model .
all purchases using a cr:
ice providers work-with banks (or other
ely receive a bank
ed mobile payment
centage fee for each payment
made using the payment application, Alternatively, the user can pay a nominal monthly
subscription fee to the payment service provider'and can use the service as and when
required a
lly offer users some Basic services such as ent
networking Services, and publish promot
allow users té purchase the produet
also provided
§ websites. The advertising companies pay a fixed fee to the adv
for the presentation of heir advertising messages. Ad
webs
generated for every purchase transaction the user makes through the webs
jonal revenue is
(G) Shopping Model
‘This model is similar to the e-commerce retailer model, in which x
websites to display their range of products on customers’ mile devices. The mobile
jlers create mobile ‘sere can browse the noble websltes on ther WAP enabled tnoble screens and le
and purchase ny product of ther choice, Mobile payment option i alo provided inst,
‘website co thatthe users can make mobile payment fr the purchased product afl
complete the deal even while in transit or faraway from the actual store loaion Tha
hopping model allows reslers to generate adltonal revenues though over
shopping and can improve thes profit margins.
(@) Content Provider Model
1 this model, iobile service providers oe Variety’ 6 ental cx
breakirig news, weather forecast traffic information, musi
revenue is generated through subscription
movies, and games), usage fees (IV shor
ress agencies or content aggregators *:
i
income via the mobile channel
uss some important features of e-Commerce.
E-Commerce stands for ‘Electronic Coinme
Products, or services, over the inte
business, which addrecees the need
fer to buying and selling of go
‘ommerce is a methodology of maem,
tions, vendors and customers to
ices while increasing the speed of
detivery.
“The term ‘e-Commerce also comp
banking, payment gateways, aid online ticketing
'
Some popular e-Commerce platforms ate: Shopify, Amazon, Flipkart,” Myntra,
IndiaMART, and Snapdeal.
Features of E-Cémmerce:
‘Some of the features of E-Commerce are as follows:
+ Gashless Payment E-Commerce allows the use of electronic payment. It allows the
\raaacton from eet xd, debt cards, leon find tarfor vie Bake wey
tnd other electronic payment methods
ar,
Ans:
* Support: E-commerce provides various ways to provide pre-sales and posts
2x7 Availability: E-Commerce provides 24x7 service avai
anywhere, anytime. ay
Tnproved Sales"Using ecommers, orders for the products gan be generated
srytine,anyohere without any hahaa intervention, It ves a big boost to existing
sales volumes, o .
Advertising and Mi
‘Products and servic
services of businesses
ing: E-Commerce helps in good marketing management of
Ips to increase the reach of advertising of products and
assistance ( provide better services to customers.
* Improvement in Communieation: E-commerce gives fast
‘communication with customers and partners.
‘+ Global Reach: It enables a business to easily euch across geographic boundaties.”
Compare and contrast “Traditional Commerce’ with 'E-Commercs!,
Or .
‘Explain the difference between Traditional Commerce’ and ‘E-Commerce’
‘The following table depicts the difference between “Traditional Commerce’ and “E>
‘The start-up cost of te
‘TH stabeup cost of e-commerce is low.
vvery high. :
Traditional tommerce is usually. carted
to face.
E-commerce is'carried oit by
face.
Ine;commerce, processing of transaction
Ssautoimatic.
In traditional commerce, processing of
transaction is manual, ‘
In traditional commerce, delivery of | In e-commerce, delivery of products
productsis instant. Qs.
Ans:
Introdectiont6-Mobile;Commieres’
Its accessibility is for limited time in a day.
"24 hours a day, 2 daysa week’.
‘Traditional commerce is done where
digital network is not reachable.
E-commerce is used to save valuable
time and money.
Traditional commerce is an older method
fof business style witch comes under
traditional business.
E-commerce is a newer concept of
business style which comes under
business.
In traditional commerce, customers can
Inspect _ products physically before
purchase.
In ecommerce, customers can
inspect products physically before
purchase,
Communications of business depends
pen individual sills
intervention.
Or
‘Compare and contrast’E-Commeree’ with ‘M-Commerce’
Explain the difference between ‘Electronic Commerce’ and “Mobile Commerce’.
Thefoowing table depicts the difference between E-Commerce and’M-Commerce':
" E-Commerte
M-Commerce
‘The process of buying and selling products
oF services over thei
thy using
personal computers or laptops is called as
Excommerce It refers to
‘Electronic
‘The process of buying and selling products
for services over the
tablets) is called as Me
Tk refers to “Mobile Commerce’.
Ecommerce activities are performed with
the help “of desktop computers and
laptops. *
‘Mecommerce agivities are performed with
the help of mobile devices like-
emortphones, tablets, PDA's (Péreonal
Digital Assistany) ete.
E-commerceis an older concept developed
in1970's
4 commerce.
newer concept developed |
a subset ofe-
Its accessibility is 24 x 7. 24x 7 means] |
In eCommerce, there is no human| }
In e-commerce, the use of internet is
mandatory.
Sending SMS to proms product
via. Mobile.
Its reachability is comparatively low than.
the m-commerce 5 it ig, not so good in
portability.
In” e-commerce, _ jocation: . irdcking
capabilites ace limited due.to the! non
Its reachability Is mor
commerce only due ‘©
devices.
GPS leehnology, Wi-H! and so on.
E-commerce fal ih push notification.
| achieved.
Jn m-commerce, push notification ean be
Mobility is high. Users. ‘can. mak
transactions everywhere 25 lng as, they
are connected te the Internet.
low. Users" can - make
computers and
‘Mccommerce is available anyplace youi g0,
‘evenif there is no internet.
For E-commerce, yOu sil need ogo to 3
place where there is internet to access your
online transactions.
1 | Example of M-
merce include: mobile
banking like- Pay
What are the different e-Commerce business models?
Or
Bxplai
vendors."
he different business models of e-Commerce with respect 1 customers and
Nowadays e-commerce has become very Poplar among the people who want to buy
fd sll diferent things online
There are basically four main types of e-commerce models that an describe almost every
transaction between Consumers (C) and Businesses (B).
(1) Business to Consumer (B2C) (@) Business to Busnes (628)
) ‘Consumer to Consumer (C20)
Consumer to Busines (C20)
(1) Business to Consumer (826)
services directly tothe consumer.
(026 6ommerce Mode)
online from Amazon or eBay.
L
(2) Business to Business (B2B)
In Business-to
ss (B2B) e-commerce, the companies are doing busiess with each
other. B2B takes place betwe
lwo businesses where one business provides services to
his type of ecominerc, the ins consumer isnot involved, The online rauatons
nly inv he manulacarers wholesalers etal
14 Dusiness-to-Consusner (820) ecommerce the company wil sll tei goods andor |
Example: An example of B2C ecommerce would be someone buying 2 pal of shoes:
{20 E-commerce)
website (manufacture) and
al eustorner who comes to
plces an order from a compa
is the end ploddkt to
(3) Consumer to Consumer
In Consumer-to- Consumer (C2C) e-commerce, the co
“each other, No company Is involved. It helps people sel
personal goods and asses
~ ety to an interested party. C2C e-commerce takes place beween two consumers
where one consumer sells an jtem through an online auction while the other consumer
purchases the item b oflering the Nghest bid. : (€2C E-Commerce Model)
Example: CUSTOMER 1 Wants to sell a cat, so he/she can place his/her car on a website
like- OLX or eBay, while the CUSTOMER 2 wants to buy that car. So, the CUSTOMER.
2can contact CUSTOMER 1 and buys the car from him/her.
{4) Consumer to Business (C28)
“Thisis the reverse of B2 Consumer to Business.
{in Consumer -to- Business (C2B) e-commerce, the consumer provides a good or some
service to the company. In this business model, the consumer creates value,’and the
‘business consumes that value, 7
1. Post Paria
2.Hive ServicesProducts
a SanicesProdels
8. Receives Produete/Serbices
4 Receives Money
(€2@ E-Commerce Model)
Example: A customer places some of their services or P
fon the website, If the~
i services
i (or products create value for the business organization, then they order these _ STL ANERAELSTST co
portable, and they can often fit in your hand, They usually cotigistwof a small display ~
with a small or QWERTY keyboard or a touchscreen with a virtual keyboard. They can
quickly connect to the intemet through a wireless communication interface (.e., antenna
systems) and are used for a vatiety of communication and other data services.
Most common mobile devices include- mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants
(PDA), tablet computers, laptops, digital cameras, navigational devices (GPS), partable
media players, portable gaming consoles, etc, Their services range from making phone
calls, surfing the intemet, viewing TV programmes, watching stovies, audio
‘video gaming, video recording, navigation, giving presentations, ete. all under m
environment. «
List the common characteristics.of mobile devices.
a3.
Ans:
+ Abottery that powers the device for several hours.
+A physical or on-screen keyboard for entering information.
+ The size and weight allow it tobe carried in one hand end manipulated with the
other hand. ae
+ Touchscreen interface in almost all cases.
+ virtual assistant, such as Siri, Corlana, or Google Assistant.
+ The ability to dowmload data, such as apps or books, from the internet or another
|, device.
© Wiseless operetion.
List the types of Mobile Clients. I!
or
(
List the names of Mobile Devices used in Mobile Commerce.
‘Thexe are many types of mobile devices, designed for different. spplcaons. Some of the
sneat commonly used mobile devices are:
_, Mobile Phones
Laptop Computers
‘Tablet Computer / Tablet
Vehicle Mounted Devices we past y
©. PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) 1. What ls Mobile Phone?
Armobile phone cellulsr phone, cell phone hand
‘simply mobile cllor just phone, is @ witless porta
receive alls over aredio fequency link while the
sometimes shortened
generation of mobile phanes could enly make
‘and receive calls, today’s mdbile! phones do.
‘mobile phones are more common}
The mee You cn tet
Smanphon for the ae ths you would nowaly doen |
compat such as eng your ema, bowslng i We ot
Shopping cle
7. Define Tablet. Whatare
et computer commonly
Pena Information manger o¢
vic stores contact ares eens i
Modem FDAS bas he capably to contd tiem an act
ss 2 cl phone, bas GPS navigational features snd on on
rulinedia zwar They can als ats malin payers
znd has inbuilt voice engion and handing recapelon
feces. They support WE, Blutoth, WLAN newesing
wireless personal comput
ampules are deiigned tobe poral
male than laptops
recognition feature and converts hand writen input,
document.
‘An extemal keyboard can be connected vie USB port or Bluttooth. DA can alo be used ce
to lite to favorite musléwateh video or playing games. PDAS are eapaleof sharing
b2erentton te
{formation With laptops or PCs. Popular brands of FDAsare: HP Pet PCPAQ and | ae
‘Arle Ped Touch t Q9.
Ans:
What is GPS?
Or ,
Define ‘Global Positioning System’.
GPS (Global Positioning System) is a satellite-based navigation system operated and
maintained by US Department of Defense. It started operation in 1973, and was
- originally consisted of 24 orbiting satellites, called NAVSTAR (Navigation Svstem with
Time arid Ranging). It can determine the location of any object on or near the surface of
‘earth in terms of three lo coordinates (ie. latitude, longitude and altitude) and) also
display current tirs', Anyone having a GPS receiver can access GPS ser ive free of cost
“and mobile devices with an embedded GPS receiver cat be positioned quickly and
accurately even in the absence of a mobile network,
Today, GPS is everywhere. You can find GPS systems in your car, smartphone and
watch, GPS hélps you to get your destination from point A to point B. GPS works in any
weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day, with no subscription fees or
setup charges. SESE reeepre EERE peepee Exerc
Limitations of Mobile Devices: : a
+ Constantly Distracting”
Tn the age of rncbile devices, it can be difficult o relaxin 2 soci sitcation A oa
_ an SMS-can be received at Ly expects your phone
5 | turned on, cherged, and dose ny callers ox test meseege
senders cen feel frustrated or upsetil they an immediate noperce. :
. * Socially Disruptive :
Disruption can happen in multiple ways. For example, somecce spends a dinzez
party testing instead of talking to the other or 2 femnity cekzation is
_ disrupted by en imzortant call from work. Mobile phones can desey the
|] atmosphere at events and weaken the socal gatherings.
"a. The Workday Never Finishes
"Mobile phones male it exsler for managers ts contact employees cutide cfregulat ©
viorking hours. In the pest, en employes was able to rest and exjay same daimeice |
; When not at work, but nowadays i¥s not uncommon for them tobe contacted when &
7} Somsmuting to and from work, 2s well es in the evenings,er on weekends, —
“a No Privacy
| One consequence of thie prevalence ef photo end video technology fend cnr:
a phone ts that personal privacy has become herder to maintain. In alstice!
Public situation there isthe possiblity of being pt
: on
“media has been taptured, this media can easily be made public through end! :
media. a
+ Spam ©
Receiving unsélicited sales calls o text messages is annoying and annoying. Often «
the callers aren't even real, they are computer generated. Money-maing seems are
» becoming more commen and sophisticated, and often target fe most vulnerable |
thembers of society. A
‘If You Lose Your Phone, ‘You Lose Your Life
For sure, itis et to have all your contact information, photos, videog end oer 1
~” information on one device, but if you ever break or lose that device, you can find *
ourself with reel problems, Even lf the power goes out, Jt caneave you unable 10.
\ceass Important information and cause real probl (Hybrid Computer: 2-in-1)
Q.3. Compare ‘Thin’, ‘Smart’ and ‘Thick’ Mobile Clients. ‘
Ans: The following table depicts the difference between !Thin’, ‘Smart’ and ‘Thick’ mobile
clients:
_ Feat . Thin Client
Development . Moderate
complexity’and cost
Network connectivity Strong and * Weak and reliable Weak and reliable
, i unreliable - : '
Both online and offine
Moderate High
* Moderate Tow
Siar orhigh-powered_|* _High:powered
Dynamic dowsload oF | ~ Synéhvonization
_syachronization
What do you meant by ‘Mobile Device Operating System? Explain some commonly
used mobile operating systems,
Acmobile device operating system is software that
mobile devices torun épplications and programs.
A. mobile OS (Operating System) typic
présenting a screen with icons ori
access. Mobile operating systems also. manage
connectivity, as well as phone access,
‘s smartphones, tablets and other
‘There are numerous mobile device operating systems available today. Some of the mosts
commonly used mobile operating systems are:
() Android OS
‘The Android operating system is a mobile operating system that was developed by
Google to be primarily used for'touchscreen devices, cell phones, and tablets. This
opérating system was first developed by Android, Inc, a software company located in
icon Valley, USA before it was acquired by Google in 2005.
Android OS is written in Java language. Androtd brought a drastle change in the mobile
technology. lo
Features of Android OS:
‘+ Androids an Open source, Free and inux-based Operating System.
+ Itprovides a beautiful and user-friendly interface.
king, User can jump from one task to another and atthe same
wns can run simultaneously. For example, whi
+ Ttsupports mult
___ time vatious appli
music you can chat with your friend. {acity. Whenever new message comes, of an ¢-
swlomatleally shows of the home
in Intaned
“oF tsbletae qxomota conta
oogle services, lke: Google Delve, YouTube,
‘and Google Mapete.
051s Google Chrome.
Is used as a vietwal
+ Ale py cane nee ito 0 pens oa ny and se
way to make payments, The authorization forthe apple ply can be done using
Fae and TouchiD.
+ Podeasts television shows and movies avallabletorentor purchase,
05 offer varlous accessibility
disses, "> i
Feist felp users with von and being
+ Thewebsbrowser used in Apple 0S ks Safar,
+ InApplei05, Sirtis used oo 2
Note The Litel Version of Andeoid OS WARDS OUSLSIO AL
woneOS/i0S
1 ashtant,
‘Note Te Latest Version of Apple 108 is 15. lensed on November 16 2001
J
developed by Apple Inc, in 2007 for use on
le eperating system is referred to as iOS and is
Stpperted on a number of Apple devices including the iPhone, iPad, iPad 2 and iPod
“ouch The {05 mobite operating system s availble only on Appi’ own manatacted
Geviee as the company does nat license the operating system for thirdparty horde
4s the second. most
that uses multitouch gestures like- wipe,
to facilitate the users interacting with the applications,
+ 105 devices come with picinstalled' apps developed by Apple incding- Mai
"Maps, TV, Music, FaceTime, Wallet, Health, and maiy move.
10 ppm om ny fom aia el
‘same time various applications can run sifnultaneously.
In terms of security, iOS is more secured than Android. It provides good face
recognition security.
+ 10S gmerte leashes while procesngascomparete Anda.
| {
|
|
© BlackBerry ph
(BlackBerry OS
BlackBerry OS was originally developed by the Canadian company BlackBesry Limited
jerry Bi PF re ry
(formerly. known as Research in Motion) in 1999 for its BlackBerry line of smartphone
handheld devices. 5
Other mobile operating systems li
i, Micrasot Windows Mobile and Symbian can
the BledBery OS can run only on
Appa iOS in his regard.
lackBerry OS i sie
Features of BlackBerry OS:
Tie, Sprang eysem ie beneficial forthe corporate wers bicase tt provides
citonization wth Micros Exchange, Lets Do
and other busines software
“ened with the BlackBerry Enterprise Sere
Blackberry OS provides miulitasking end supports specialized input devices that
hhavebeen adopted by BlackBerry for uéein itshandhelds,
The Blackberry apps are very less than Android and iOS. Most developets prefer
to make apps for Android and iOS because they havea large audience.
Bluetooth sharing shard and difficult to configure in Blackberry OS.
Blackberry OS supports push
receiving emails.
vic. IL isa seeure platform for sending and
[Note:The Latest Version of BlackBerry 0S is 7.0 released in November 2013 WRinos
FA GS (also known as the Garnet OS) is a mobile operating gystem
by Paks, Inc, for Personal Digital Assistants (PDAG) in 1996 Newer versions of the
Fats OS have added support for expansion posts, new Processors, exterial mem
eands improved secmty Sr ures fox enaeonss The han i upd tothe
operating system, Palm OS Cobalt, was released in 2008,
FecharesofPalm OS: ry
‘The init version of Palm OS included the following features
_ Address book
+ Datebook
+ Notepad
+ Todolist
+ Caloater . .
Features added in the various updates to Palm OS include the fllowing:
+ Inrered messaging
+ Color display
+ Bluetooth
“ow
+ ©) Symbian O$
Symbian OS wes the'most widely-used smartphone operating system in the world until |
2010, when it was overtaken by Android.
Symbian 05 begen as an operating systenr called EPOC, which wes developed in the
1980s by a company named Psion. In 1998, in a joint venture with telephone
‘manufacturers Nokia, Eriesson, and Mot
became Symbian OS. In 2008, Nokia Symbian Ltd, and
‘non- profit organization named as Symbian foundation.
Development of Symbian OS was discontinued in May 2014.
Features of Symbian OS:
+ TheSymbian OS is based on the Java language.
*+ Nokia was the frst company to release Symbian OS on its mobile phone.
+ The touch of Syaibian OS use devices is not as smooth as compared to iOS and
Android devices.” .
‘+ Symbian 08 provides open platform to enable indepen hasty
software vendors to develop thi! party app. :
playback and streaming, 2
provides simple and high-effcienti inte process communication
“+ Fleibe user interface design.
limited input facilities, limited memory and power capabilities and low power~—
processors.
Advantages of WAP:
‘+ WAPisan open-source technology and completely fee of cast.
+ Byusing WAP, you can send)
+ Nowadays, most moder mobile phones and devices support WAP.
‘Disadvantages of WAP:
‘The connection speed in WAP is slow, and there is Hiited availability also,
sty sparse, and in some
+ In some areas, the abi
other areas, Internet a
Itisless secured,
WAP provides a’small User interface (UI). $.
WML (Wireless Markup Language) is a page description language used to display
content in the form of web pages in WAP-enabled mobile browsers. It an extension
of extensible Markup Langulge (XML). It enables creating web app!
jon unite (uch ara chee
navigite from one card to
8 inter-card navigation and linking and lao supports navigation between cards
and decks,
When a WML page is accessed from a mabile phone, all the eneds in the page are
‘dovmlonded from the WAP server, :
WML 1s designed to handle issues lke: small dlsply size, limited user input
Capabilities, narrowband network connection with high latency, Kmlted memory rid
computational processing power.
Features of WML:
+ WML is an opersoftwa
offered totally free of cost
+ WML i used to create pages that can be displayed in a WAP browser, Pages in
WML are called DECKS. Decks are constructed as a set of CARDS.
* WML supports both text and image display and incudes@ varity of formatting
and layout commands '
* WML very sina to HTML. Both of therm ul tags and are wsten in pain text
form
7 WME s » mark-up language inheited from HTML, but WML is based on XML, 0
itis much stricter than HTML,
+ WML files have the extension “wel
ng. The scripting language supported is called
Sinee WML is an XML application, all agate case-sensitive (cwmi> isnot the
same as ), and all tags must be properly closed,
a
‘ Long Answer Questions:
Q.1. What is Computer Network? List its advantages and disadvantages.
Ans: Network or Computer Network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to
each other to share information and resources. .
“The connections between the computers are established using either wired media or
wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. . {Computer Network) at t |
‘Advantages of Network:
‘The main adyantages of using networks are:
* Sharing Resources,
Computer networks not only provide the ability to share Information. but also the
resources, Resources can be hardware resources like- printer, scanner, and hard disk or
software resources like- application programs.
For example:. Using a computer network, an expensive laser printer can be shared
among various employees in a department of a company instead of giving each
employee a separate laser printer. Similarly, software resources like- accounting software
can be shared among users. = -
* Cost Reduction
Resource sharing resulls in cost reduction as cost of resources'is shared. For example:
Multiple individual licensed’ copies of a popular software programs tan be costly.
Network versions of software are available at relatively low cost. Moreover, shared
programs on a network allows for easier upgrading ofthe programs on ane single file
serverinstead of upgrading on individual computers.
+ Connectivity and Communication
Networks connect computers and users of those computers. Once they are connected it is
possible for the isser to communicate with each dther. User can communicate efficiently.
and easily via mails, video confereicing, instant messaging etc.
« Centralized Software Management
Software Ioaded on one computer can be used by all other computers connected to that
computer, thus’ eliminating the need to spend time and energy installing the samies:}
software on different computers. For example: If ina network, 20 users
with dracle then instead of installing oracle on each computer we can inste
central computer (server) and make it shareable by others. + Higher Reliability and Backup
In computer network, having altemative source: of supply to provide higher reliability is
say lms For ample: All the Ss cul be replated on more than one mee
Ne ent of the machin Is unavailable due to some iasons the oer nse
Networking also provides the
‘esumejts functions,
Disadvantages of Network:
Same ofthe disadvantages of using computer newors are
Used.
facility of backup, In‘case if one ‘computer fails other can.
‘Data Security Concerns
setae then there is always a tueatthat uautheized users can alter o wee re
«Network Implementation Cost
"To setup a etwork requis investznent in hardware and stbae Yor small network of
{ew PCs this cos is smallerbu fo large netweek Wiscostcan nin hwsmnds one
‘+ Network Management and Administration Costs a
Network managers and administrators are required to manage and administer large
netvoris, Hing ofthese. professionals increaze the managemest and administration
oe -
* Threai from Viruses .
Ze fet of vines on a network is more as compared with jtandlone systems
because viruses can easly spread one computer to another over nenrorke,
Whatis CDMA? List its advantages and disadvantages,
CDMA stnds le-Division Multiple Access”. CDMA iga channel access method,
led By several radio communication techolgis, If digital ealilr technology
senerlly used for mobile communication.
ei 3 frm of muliplexing, which allows mulple signal to occupy a single
‘rarsmission channel, optimizing the use of availble bandwidth. Here
Accesy basically means that several transmitters can send information sina
SrA fngl communication channel I allows more wsersfo connect ata given,
thus provides improved data ynd vole communleatin capac
OMA cytes mak te we of power otal ott irs na
Si. ths improve tenet Galiy. COMA apts havea sot eect. Tas (E
Sze tne patiua Fini othe number of sein aCDMA system but wath inceas in
‘he umber of ute performance degrades
‘In Code Division Multiple'Accesses, every mobile station is allocated a different access
i es the mobile user. Every user on the netwerkis connected to
"ion will be separated by a unique code a special code separates it so we
tiple access. ~
{Let ake a siple analogy to understand the concep of CDMA. Suppose we have sme
ened Sustoom who want to talk to ech oherat the same ie Nothing wold
be heard if everyone started speaking at the same time. Elher they must ake orcs
speak or use different languages to communicate
Bs sez option lt sinilr to COMA ~ students pening the same language can
Sifu eachother, while other languages are perceived as neee and weecod
Similarly, in CDMA, each group of users i gi
same channel, but enly those users
(COMA fs used in the Global Positos
‘Phone companies,
Advantages of CDMA:
tem (GPS). tis used by several mabile
* IR EDMA, dati ot decoded easly becuse ithas given diferent odes to each
individual and hence, tinereases cellular communication security,
‘+ CDMA consumes ess power,
* Ineessed user capacity isan advantage ofthe CDMA ait euppots a lot more
‘users in compatison to TDMA or FDMA,
'¢ comperatively fewer Bropputs than GSM. Thus, Itcan also be
‘CDMA provides high quality of ithalmost nonoise during the call
"+ Ttcan share the same bandwidth with large numberof users,
* Using CDMA problems ike- multipath and fing donot on. .
~" Disadvantages of CDMA:
°° COMA lacks the facility of international roaming which ls provided by GSM. + Since there is no limit to the number of users; the system performance degrades
‘with an increase in the number of users. =
‘+ Since most ofthe mobile companies use GSM thus there isa lack of handsets for
COMAjechnology.
+ Higher cost due tothe greater equipment.
Q3, Whatis GSM? Listits advantages and disadvantage
Ans: GSMstands for ‘Global Systm fbr Mobile communica
by European Telecommunication Standards Institute
skcond generation (2G) digital cellular networks, A ser can connect his GSM-enabled
phone with his laptop to send or receive e-mail faxes, browse interne, check security
ee,
GSM is basically an open, digital cellular radio network andl operates in almost all the
countries. It is not only used for voice calls but also for date computing and text
messages. While CDMA (Code Division Mulple Aces) doesn't support calls and data
computingatthesametime,
One ofthe unique features of the GSM systems i the SIM, which I a removable sinast
card that contains the following information: phone number, status of SIM, serace code,
- cuthnticatis key, personal identification ruber (PIN), and personal unlock code (PUD. A
user can easly remave a SIM card from a mobile device and insert it into any other
G5M-compatible device to receive the same lype of services.
GSM is the dominant cellular standard today with half of the world population
subsorbing tit In India, Vodafone, Airtel, and BSNL offer GSM service.
__Advntages of GSM: “
+ GSM is extremely secured because ils devices and faclities cannot be cosily
duplicated.
Inhasanextenive coverage inal over the word. :
+ Advanced features such as short messages cal ID, Call hold, Call forwarding et
+ Coanpaible with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and other telephone
company services
+ Ieishighly secured as facies cannot be duplicated as all he Information is stored |
ones card.
Its compatible with a wide range of devices und ecceasories
Ualows use of voce ells and data atthe sme tine unlike COMA technology.
a standard developed
describe protocols for |
“+ -Itis easy to maintain GSM networks due toa
engineers at affordable cost.
+ kis éasy to inlegrate GSM with other wireless technology based devices such as
CDMA, LTBete.
Disadvantages of GSM?
+ The biggest disedvantage of GSM is that niutiple users share the same bandwidth,
This may cause interference and due to interference bandwidth limitation occurs.
bility of large number of network
+The other disadvantage of GSM is that it may cause electronic interference. That Is
{the reason why sensitive locations like-hospials and airplanes require cell phone
fo be tumed off otherwise it can create interference with the equipments of
hospitals dnd airplanes.
+ Jord to increase the coverage repeaters are required tobe installed.
QA. Wiiit is GPRS? Listits advantages and disadvantages,
‘Ans: GPRS Stands for ‘General.Packet Radio Serview. GPRS Is an enhencement of GSM
systems that supports intemet data serviges based on packet transmission. Packet based
services, can utilize network resources more elfiently. as the bandwidth ean
accommodate multiple users simultaneously by employing packet transfer technique.
GPRS systems are intemet compatible and offer internet services such as net surfing fle
transfet, email, SMS and chatting, The data rates in GPRS systems can range from 56
Kips to 15 Kbps.
5 offered by GPRS are listed below:
essaging and broadcasting
@)Pisrtotak over cellar
(@istant messing
‘Maton messaging serie -
(Poin: to-Point and Point to Multiple sewers
‘Advantages of GPRS:
+ Moby: « .
‘The sly kip up conten vee and fart nechnge
+ Cont teste: >
7 Gnade via GPS cheaper thn rsh the eur CSM \\als
=
Homers to oblain connectivity when needed, regardlees of location and
without lengthy login session,
+ High Bandwiath:
‘GPRS based netivork has high bandwidth
ot receive voice calls while you are
Disadvantages of GPRS:
+ Anetwork can be affected when a
Jarge numberof users in the same area‘uilize * |
the GPRS services atthe same time
The data rate supported by
‘GPRS is slower than the data rate of the latest wireless ij
sandards ike- LTE (4), ; a
+ Troubleshooting is diftieul,
‘Acceés) encoding technolo;
Speed Packet Access)
's another UMTS (36) sytem that can offer data
70Mbps.
WCDMA is available in two. different modes of
Duplex (FDD) mode and Time: Division Duplex
(Frequency Division Duy
(2 Timé Division Duplex (FDD): In TOD, both uplink and dwnlnk transmissions
stomers to acquire data applicable to their present area.
+ Support Voice sid Data Calltogetien
‘ihe You srg the itt dest ack incoming il eabes you io pak
‘browsing the intemet or downloading data, So
that users can have both Voie call and data.
* Supports advanced techniques such as ada
What is WCDMA? Discuss its major characteristics,
Japan and ‘China where 26-6SM
‘sued on W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Muhiple and mobile corporate users and ft booming
BY and is also known as Universal Mobile Tlecommunication é
operation namely, Frequency Division
lex (PDD: In Frequency Division Duplex mode, two
"_Sitferent frequency bands are tse for uplink and downlik ransenaione, Fee any
connection a palr of frequency bands with specified separation la alloted to the
‘carried over same frequency band butin separate synchronized time intervals,
ie slot in a physical channelis divided into to transmislon and reception parts,
ties of WC
aptive antennas, tran
6 Whats CoMAaNeO? Discus its msor handed,
This.3G system’ was evolved from CDMA te
echnology and fst appeared in 2002, in
I follows SGPP2 (Grd Generation Rarinership Project
0926 COMA technology under the scope of ITU's IMT-
leup 10147 Mbps,
pletely mobile environment. It
‘most preferred choice for mobile
fommunigation te s of people worldwide, All the 2G networks, such as GSM or
‘COMA, Upgrading to 3G syetems to
Services wultimedia as well a5 high speed
tes in 3G net
For staionary users, a dat
times higher than 2G networks.
technology for 3G mobile cellular communications for
‘transmission of voice, data and si
{thas packet cote network (PCN) for high speed eocured “The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net’, is a global-”network of networks", which
What is Intemet? Explain various services provided by Intemet.
links different types of networks CAN, WAN covering millions of systems all over the
world. "°°
The Internet is an increasingly important part of everyday life for people around the
world, Internet’is helpful to each and every one in some or marly ways. Whether it is a
business house or a small company, an institution or a hospital, a doctor or an engineer,
astudent or a House wile, it serves the need of every one. |
‘The ‘Internet makes it possible to quickly find informatio:
around the world, manage your finances, shop from home, listen to music, watch videos,
and much,more.
‘Some of the major services provided on internet are:
E-mail: Internet is used for sending and receiving message, E-mail is an online
correspondence system. e-mail you can send and receive instant electronic
messages, which work like writing letters. Your messages are delivered instantly to
people anywhere in the world, unlike traditional mail that takes a lot of time, Some
of the popular web ‘sites providing email service are: -wwwyahoomail.com,
communtcate with people
+ Access Information: The internet is,a virtual treasure of information, Any kind of
information on any topic under the sun is available on the intemet. The' ‘search
engines’ on the internet can help you to find data on any subject that you need.
+ Shopping: Along with getting information on the internet, you can also shop
online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products,
as well as buy them using your credit eard, You do not need to leave your house
and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home.
* Chatting: Chatting onthe intemet Isa popular way for individuals, families, and
business:to stay connected, There are many ‘cht rooms’ on the web that can be
accessed to meet new people, make new frends, as well as tostay in touch with old
friends.
+ Instant Mescaging: Instant Messaging (IM) is a short message sent
"time messaging, allowing you to converse more quickly and ¢
‘These are generally used when both (or all) people are onlindi 48
be read immediately. By comparison, ems wont, their inboxes. Exainples of iétant messi
and Goo, outs,
time.
~ Social Networking: Social networking websites
* | people over email, sodal networks make
~ people it the same time. Feros the world’s
ore than 1 bilion users worldwide,
E-Commerce: E-Commerce stands for Electronic
online”.
{information processing technology.
topic. Manufactures can search for si
{8 good books, doctors
an engineer can use itt fi
Groups: An online group isa group of people (0
Group) with common interests who use the intemet (Websites, emall, instant
aging, etc) to comsnunicate, work together and pursue their interests over
‘share Wwith yoiar family and.frends,online, Rather than staring with just afew
is widely used to:
ing applications include Yahoo Messenger
ften termed as a community or e
are another way to connect and
to connect and share with many
3 social networking site, with
CConifierce and caters to exchange
(buy or sel) of products, services and information via internet. It is “doing business:
includes any commercial activity that takes place directly between a
its partners, or its customers through electronic commuriication and
find information about a speitc
plies of raw materials, students can search
information a
about treating a riew disease, and
> ‘Special sites called Search Engines are used to help user in finding the particular
“Information of his interest, Du to this feature, its called fyfommation betspot. You
situated all over the warld.
‘can search images, text, animation, movies, songs and many more.
Shasing of Information: Large corporate houses like- bank and money transfer
companies use intemet to share global informatio
f AmEng, Various branches
‘Downloading Software: This is one of the ‘most happening and fun things to do via.
the internet. You can dovnload countless, garies, music, videos, thovies, and a
‘mass of other entertainment software from the internet, most of which are fre,
+ , Online Booking: Online booking has made thin
+ OF ght ticket, you can book just about anythin,
easy, convenient and superfast.
8
gs really easy, Be it a movie ticket
‘sing Internet. The process is very
news This is whefe
fest popular form
-4
a
a = SSS =
eople with the combination of banking and mi
enables users to perform banking transactions, Many financlal Instittior
«sre offering innovative services tothe customers to make life easier and comfortable b
using the modem technology,
Mobile commerce offers instant connectivity to the financial institutions through th
nobile devices, and thus, allows mobile customers to perform a number of usaf.
move, Mobile banking, mobile payments, mobile stoc
gaming ond mobile gambling have become part of th
‘users, People find mobile devices a conventent tcol fe
tons from remote area xoundsthectock,
2
performing financial ops
Q2.. What is Mobite Mad
Mobile marketing is the process of utlixing mobile mediuin.to convey prom
messages to the customers. Exponential growth of mobile phone users pr.