VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JnanaSangama, Belagavi - 590 018, Karnataka

Acharya Institute of Technology

Acharya Dr Sarvepalli. Radhakrishnan Road
Acharya P.O Soladevanahalli, Bengaluru-560107

LABORATORY MANUAL
DATA STRUCTURES AND LABORATORY
BCSL305
III Semester

Prepared by:

1.Mrs. Mahalakshmi G
2.Mrs. Shrutika C Rampure
3.Mrs. Bhavyashree S P

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

(Accredited by NBA)
 Table of contents

Vision, Mission, Motto of Institute I

Vision, Mission of Department II
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
Program outcomes (POs)
Course outcomes of course (COs)
CO-PO matrix

Programs

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

1. Vision, Mission of the Institute

• Vision of Institute

Acharya Institute of Technology, committed to the cause of value-based education in all disciplines,
envisions itself as a fountainhead of innovative human enterprise, with inspirational initiatives for
Academic Excellence.

• Mission of the institute

Acharya Institute of Technology strives to provide excellent academic ambiance to the students for
achieving global standards of technical education, foster intellectual and personal development,
meaningful research and ethical service to sustainable societal needs.

2. Vision, Mission of the Department

• Vision of the Department

Envisions to be recognized for quality education and research in the field of Computing, leading to
creation of competent engineers, who are innovative and adaptable to the changing demands of industry
and society.

• Mission of the Department:

✓ Act as a nurturing ground for young computing aspirants to attain the excellence by imparting quality
education and professional ethics

✓ Collaborate with industries and provide exposure to latest tools/ technologies.

✓ Create an environment conducive for research and continuous learning

3. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

Students shall

• Have a successful career in academia, R&D organizations, IT industry or pursue higher studies in
specialized field of Computer Science and Engineering and allied disciplines.

• Be competent, creative and a valued professional in the chosen field

• Engage in life-long learning, professional development and adapt to the working environment quickly
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
• Become effective collaborators and exhibit high level of professionalism by leading or participating in
addressing technical, business, environmental and societal challenges.

4. Program Specific Outcomes:

PSO Statement
Students shall
Apply the knowledge of hardware, system software, algorithms, networking
PSO-1:
and data bases.

Design, analyze and develop efficient, Secure algorithms using appropriate

PSO-2:
data structures, databases for processing of data.
Be Capable of developing stand alone, embedded and web-based solutions
PSO-3: having easy to operate interface using Software Engineering practices and
contemporary computer programming languages.

5. Program Outcomes

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals,

and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

PSO Statement

Students shall

PSO-1: Apply the knowledge of hardware, system software, algorithms, networking and data bases.

PSO-2: Design, analyze and develop efficient, Secure algorithms using appropriate data structures,
databases for processing of data.

PSO-3:

Be Capable of developing stand alone, embedded and web-based solutions having easy to operate
interface using Software Engineering practices and contemporary computer programming languages.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex engineering

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and design
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering
and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities with an understanding of
the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for sustainable
development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse
teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

COURSE OUTCOMES :

COs Course outcome Description

BCSL305. Demonstrate the working of different types of linear data structures and
1 its applications

BCSL305. Apply non-linear data structures and hashing techniques to provide

2 solution for a given problem.

outcomes Program Outcomes Program

specific
outcomes
(PSOs)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

1
BCSL305.1 2 1
1

1 2
BCSL305.2 2 1 1 1
1

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

SL Name of Program Page No
1 Develop a Program in C for the following:
a) Declare a calendar as an array of 7 elements (A dynamically Created array) to
represent 7 days of a week. Each Element of the array is a structure having three
fields. The first field is the name of the Day (A dynamically allocated String), The
second field is the date of the Day (A integer), the third field is the description of the
activity for a particular day (A dynamically allocated String).
b) Write functions create(), read() and display(); to create the calendar, to read the
data from the keyboard and to print weeks activity details report on screen.
2 Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Strings.
a. Read a main String (STR), a Pattern String (PAT) and a Replace String (REP)
b. Perform Pattern Matching Operation: Find and Replace all occurrences of PAT in
STR with REP if PAT exists in STR. Report suitable messages in case PAT does not
exist in STR Support the program with functions for each of the above operations.
Don't use Built-in functions.
3 Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on STACK of
Integers
(Array Implementation of Stack with maximum size MAX)
a. Push an Element on to Stack
b. Pop an Element from Stack
c. Demonstrate how Stack can be used to check Palindrome
d. Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Stack
e. Display the status of Stack
f. Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
4 Develop a Program in C for converting an Infix Expression to Postfix Expression.
Program should support for both parenthesized and free parenthesized expressions
with the operators: +, -, *, /, % (Remainder), ^ (Power) and alphanumeric operands.
5 Develop a Program in C for the following Stack Applications
a. Evaluation of Suffix expression with single digit operands and operators: +, -, *, /,
%,^ .
b. Solving Tower of Hanoi problem with n disks
6 Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Circular
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 QUEUE of Characters (Array Implementation of Queue with maximum size MAX)
a. Insert an Element on to Circular QUEUE
b. Delete an Element from Circular QUEUE
c. Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Circular QUEUE
d. Display the status of Circular QUEUE
e. Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
7 Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Singly Linked
List (SLL) of Student Data with the fields: USN, Name, Programme, Sem, PhNo
a. Create a SLL of N Students Data by using front insertion.
b. Display the status of SLL and count the number of nodes in it
c. Perform Insertion / Deletion at End of SLL
d. Perform Insertion / Deletion at Front of SLL(Demonstration of stack)
e. Exit
Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Doubly Linked
8
List
(DLL) of Employee Data with the fields: SSN, Name, Dept, Designation,Sal, PhNo
a. Create a DLL of N Employees Data by using end insertion.
b. Display the status of DLL and count the number of nodes in it
c. Perform Insertion and Deletion at End of DLL
d. Perform Insertion and Deletion at Front of DLL
e. Demonstrate how this DLL can be used as Double Ended Queue.
f. Exit
9 Develop a Program in C for the following operationson Singly Circular Linked List
(SCLL)
with header nodes
a. Represent and Evaluate a Polynomial P(x,y,z) = 6x2y2z-4yz5+3x3yz+2xy5z-2xyz3
b. Find the sum of two polynomials POLY1(x,y,z) and POLY2(x,y,z) and store the
result in POLYSUM(x,y,z)
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations
10 Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Binary Search
Tree (BST) of Integers .
a. Create a BST of N Integers: 6, 9, 5, 2, 8, 15, 24, 14, 7, 8, 5, 2

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

 b. Traverse the BST in Inorder, Preorder and Post Order
c. Search the BST for a given element (KEY) and report the appropriate message
d. Exit
11 Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Graph(G) of Cities
a. Create a Graph of N cities using Adjacency Matrix.
b. Print all the nodes reachable from a given starting node in a digraph using
DFS/BFS method
12 Given a File of N employee records with a set K of Keys (4-digit) which uniquely
determine the records in file F. Assume that file F is maintained in memory by a Hash
Table (HT) of m memory locations with L as the set of memory addresses (2-digit) of
locations in HT. Let the keys in K and addresses in L are Integers. Develop a Program
in C that uses Hash function H: K →L as H(K)=K mod m (remainder method), and
implement hashing technique to map a given key K to the address space L. Resolve
the collision (if any) using linear probing.

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

 PROGRAMS

1. Develop a Program in C for the following:

a) Declare a calendar as an array of 7 elements (A dynamically Created array) to represent 7 days
of a week. Each Element of the array is a structure having three fields. The first field is the name
of the Day (A dynamically allocated String), The second field is the date of the Day (A integer),
the third field is the description of the activity for a particular day (A dynamically allocated
String).
b) Write functions create(), read() and display(); to create the calendar, to read the data from the
keyboard and to print weeks activity details report on screen.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
struct calElement
{
char *day;
int date;
char *activity;
};
struct calElement* create() // it creates calendar structure for 7 days
{
struct calElement *calendar;
// dynamic allocation for calendar
calendar = (struct calElement *)malloc(sizeof(struct calElement)*7);
return calendar;
}
void read(struct calElement *calendar)
{
// Local Variable to store string elements
char day[10];
char activity[25];
int i, date;
for(i = 0; i<7; i++)
{
printf("Enter the day : ");
scanf("%s",day);

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

 calendar[i].day = (char *)malloc(strlen(day)+1); // dynamically allocated memory for day
strcpy(calendar[i].day, day); // copy day from local variable to heap
printf("Enter the date : ");
scanf("%d",&date);
calendar[i].date = date;
getchar();
printf("Enter description of the activity : ");
scanf("%[^\n]s",activity);
// dynamically allocate memory for activity
calendar[i].activity = (char *)malloc(strlen(activity)+1);
strcpy(calendar[i].activity, activity); // copy activity from local variable to heap
}
}
void display(struct calElement *calendar)
{
int i;
printf("\n\nYour calendar\n");
printf("Day\t\tDate\t\tActivity");
//Display the calendar
for(i = 0; i<7; i++){
printf("\n%s\t\t%d\t\t%s",calendar[i].day,calendar[i].date,calendar[i].activity );
}
void main()
{
struct calElement *calendar; // create structure variable of type pointer
calendar=create(); //call create function
read(calendar); // read function to read all inputs
display(calendar); // Function to print calendar
free(calendar); // Release the memory allocated dynamically
}

OUTPUT :

Enter the day : Mon

Enter the date : 10
Enter description of the activity : DS Class
Enter the day : Tue
Enter the date : 11
Enter description of the activity : Visit Library
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Enter the day : Wed
Enter the date : 12
Enter description of the activity : OS Class
Enter the day : Thu
Enter the date : 13
Enter description of the activity : Research
Enter the day : Fri
Enter the date : 14
Enter description of the activity : Tutorial
Enter the day : Sat
Enter the date : 15
Enter description of the activity : Presentation on DD
Enter the day : Sun
Enter the date : 16
Enter description of the activity : Go to Movie

Your calender
Day Date Activity
Mon 10 DS Class
Tue 11 Visit Library
Wed 12 OS Class
Thu 13 Research
Fri 14 Tutorial
Sat 15 Presentation on DD
Sun 16 Go to Movie

2. Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Strings.

a. Read a main String (STR), a Pattern String (PAT) and a Replace String (REP).
b. Perform Pattern Matching Operation: Find and Replace all occurrences of PAT in STR with
REP if PAT exists in STR. Report suitable messages in case PAT does not exist in STR .Support the
program with functions for each of the above operations. Don't use Built-in functions.

#include<stdio.h>
char STR[100],PAT[100],REP[100],ANS[100];
int s, p, r, a, flag = 0;
//Function Declaration
void read();
void replace();
void display();
void main()
{
read();
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 replace();
void display();
}
void read()
{
printf("Enter the MAIN string: \n");
scanf("%[^\n]s",STR);
printf("Enter a PATTERN string: \n");
scanf("%s",PAT);
printf("Enter a REPLACE string: \n");
scanf("%s",REP);
}
void replace ()
{
s = p = a = 0;
while ( STR[s] != '\0')
{
// Checking for Match
if ( STR[s] == PAT[p] )
{
p++;
s++;
//if the first character is matched check for entire PAT string
if ( PAT[p] == '\0')
{
flag=1;
for(r = 0; REP[r] != '\0';r++, a++)
ANS[a] = REP[r];
p = 0;
}
}
else //Mismatch
{
ANS[a] = STR[s];
s++;
a++;
p = 0;
}
}
}
void print()
{
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 if(flag==0)
printf("Pattern doesn't found!!!");
else
{
ANS[a] = '\0';
printf("\nThe RESULTANT string is:\n%s\n" ,ANS);
}
}

OUTPUT 1:
1.Enter the MAIN string:
good morning
Enter a PATTERN string:
morning
Enter a REPLACE string:
day
The RESULTANT string is:
good day

OUTPUT 2:
2. Enter the MAIN string:
ACHARYA
Enter a PATTERN string:
COLLEGE
Enter a REPLACE string:
INSTITUTE
Pattern doesn't found!!!

3. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on STACK of Integers (Array
Implementation of Stack with maximum size MAX)
a. Push an Element on to Stack
b. Pop an Element from Stack
c. Demonstrate how Stack can be used to check Palindrome
d. Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Stack
e. Display the status of Stack
f. Exit
Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
#include<math.h>
#define MAX 5
int s[MAX],top = -1,item;
int IsFull()
{
if(top>=MAX-1)
return 1;
return 0;
}
int IsEmpty()
{
if(top= = -1)
return 1;
return 0;
}
void push(int item)
{
top++;
s[top]=item;
}
void pop()
{
item=s[top];
top--;
}
void display()
{
int i;
printf("\n the elements of the stack are");
for(i=top;i>=0;i--)
printf("\n %d",s[i]);
}

void check_pal()
{
int num=0,temp,digit,revnum=0,k=0;
if(top==-1)
{
printf("Stack is empty\n");
return;
}
else
{
while(top!=-1)
{
pop();
num=num*10+item;
revnum=item*pow(10,k)+revnum;
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 k=k+1;
}
printf("\nReverse Number of %d is is: %d\n",num, revnum);
if(num == revnum)
printf("The stack contains a Palindrome number\n");
else
printf("The stack does not contain a Palindrome number\n");
}
}
void main()
{
int ch;

do
{
printf("\n1. Push \n2. Pop \n3. Display\n4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit\n");
printf("\n Enter the choice: ");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1: printf("\n Enter the element to be inserted");
scanf("%d",&item);
if(IsFull())
printf("Stack Overflow\n");
else
push(item);
break;
case 2: if(IsEmpty())
printf("Stack Underflow\n");
else
{
pop();
printf("The item deleted is %d\n",item);
}
break;
case 3: if(IsEmpty())
printf("Stack is Empty\n");
else
display();
break;
case 4: check_pal();
break;
case 5: printf("Program Terminated \n");
exit(0);
default:printf("Invalid choice: \n");
}
}while(ch!=5);
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
OUTPUT:
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 1
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 9
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 9
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 1
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 3

the elements of the stack are
1

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

9
9
1
1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 4

Reverse Number of 1991 is is: 1991
The stack contains a Palindrome number

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 2

Stack Underflow

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 10
10

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

Enter the choice: 1
Enter the element to be inserted 20
20

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 30
30

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 40
40

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Enter the element to be inserted 50
50

1. Push
2. Pop
3. Display
4. Check Palindrome 5. Exit

Enter the choice: 1

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

Enter the element to be inserted 60
60
Stack Overflow

4. A Program in C for converting an Infix Expression to Postfix Expression. The below program
support for both parenthesized and free parenthesized expressions with the operators: +, -, *, /, %
(Remainder), ^(Power) and alphanumeric operands.

#include <stdio.h>
#define SIZE 20
char s[SIZE];
int top = -1;
void push(char elem)
{
s[++top] = elem;
}
char pop()
{
return (s[top--]);
}
int precedence(char elem) /* Function for precedence */
{
switch (elem)
{
case '#': return 0;
case '(': return 1;
case '+':
case '-': return 2;
case '*':
case '/':
case '%': return 3;
case '$':
case '^': return 4;
}
return elem;
}
void main()
{
char infix[50], postfix[50], ch, elem;
int i = 0, k = 0;
printf("\n\nEnter the Infix Expression: ");
scanf("%s", infix);
push('#');
while ((ch = infix[i++]) != '\0')
{
if (ch == '(')
push(ch);
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 else if (isalnum(ch))
postfix[k++] = ch;
else if (ch == ')')
{
while (s[top] != '(')
postfix[k++] = pop();
elem = pop(); /* Remove ( */
}
else /* Operator */
{
while (precedence(s[top]) >= precedence(ch))
postfix[k++] = pop();
push(ch);
}
}
while (s[top] != '#'){ /* Pop from stack till empty */
postfix[k++] = pop();
}
postfix[k] = '\0'; /* Make pofx as valid string */
printf("\nGiven Infix Expression is: %s\n",infix);
printf("\nPostfix Expression is: %s\n", postfix);
}
OUTPUT 1:
Enter the Infix Expression: A+B*C+D
Given Infix Expression is: A+B*C+D
Postfix Expression is: ABC*+D+

OUTPUT 2:
Enter the Infix Expression: ((4+8)(6-5))/((3-2)(2+2))
Given Infix Expression is: ((4+8)(6-5))/((3-2)(2+2))
Postfix Expression is: ((4+8)(6-5))/((3-2)(2+2))

5. Develop a Program in C for the following Stack Applications a. Evaluation of Suffix expression
with single digit operands and operators: +, -, *, /, %, ^ b. Solving Tower of Hanoi problem with n
disks

5a.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
int compute(char symbol, int op1, int op2)
{
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 switch(symbol)
{
case '+': return op1+op2; /* Perform addition */
case '-': return op1-op2; /* Perform subtraction */
case '*': return op1*op2; /* Perform multiplaction */
case '/': return op1/op2; /* Perform division */
case '%': return op1%op2; /* Perform division and gives reminder */
case '$':
case '^': return pow(op1,op2); /* Compute power */
}
}
void main()
{
int s[20]; /* Place for stack elements */
int res; /* Holds partial or final result */
int op1; /* First operand */
int op2; /* Second operand */
int top;
/* Points to the topmost element */
int i;
/* Index value */
char postfix[20]; /* Input expression */
char symbol; /* Scanned postfix symbol */
printf("Enter the postfix expression\n");
scanf("%s",postfix);
top=-1;
for(i=0;i<strlen(postfix);i++)
{
symbol=postfix[i]; /* Obtains the next character */
if(isdigit(symbol)) /* If character is a digit or not */
s[++top]=symbol-'0';
else
{
op2=s[top--];
/* Obtain second operand from stack */
op1=s[top--];
/* Obtain first operand from stack */
/* Perform specified operation */
res=compute(symbol,op1,op2);
/* Push partial results on the stack */
s[++top]=res;
}
}
res=s[top--];
printf("the result is %d\n",res);
}

OUTPUT 1:
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Enter the postfix expression
23^
the result is 8

OUTPUT 2:
Enter the postfix expression
234+*6-
the result is 8

5b.
#include<stdio.h>
void towers(int, char, char, char);
void main()
{
int num;
printf("Enter the number of disks : ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("The sequence of moves involved in the Tower of Hanoi are :\n");
towers(num, 'A', 'B', 'C');
}
void towers(int n, char source, char temp, char dest)
{
if (n == 1)
{
printf("\n Move disk 1 from peg %c to peg %c", source, dest);
return;
}
towers(n - 1, source, dest, temp);
printf("\n Move disk %d from peg %c to peg %c", n, source, dest);
towers(n - 1, temp, source, dest);
}

OUTPUT 1:
Enter the number of disks : 2
The sequence of moves involved in the Tower of Hanoi are :
Move disk 1 from peg A to peg B
Move disk 2 from peg A to peg C
Move disk 1 from peg B to peg C

OUTPUT 2:
Enter the number of disks : 1
The sequence of moves involved in the Tower of Hanoi are :
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Move disk 1 from peg A to peg C

6. Design, Develop and Implement a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on
Circular QUEUE of Characters (Array Implementation of Queue with maximum size MAX) a.
Insert an Element on to Circular QUEUE b. Delete an Element from Circular QUEUE c.
Demonstrate Overflow and Underflow situations on Circular QUEUE d. Display the status of
Circular QUEUE e. Exit Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above
operations.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define QSIZE 4
int q[QSIZE], r=-1, f=0, count=0, item;
/* Insert Operation */
void insert()
{
/* Check for queue overflow */
if(count == QSIZE)
{
printf("Queue Overflow\n");
return;
}
r = (r+1) % QSIZE; /* Increment rear by 1 */
q[r] = item; /* Insert into queue */
count++;
}
/* Delete Operation */
void del()
{
/* Check for Queue Underflow */
if(count == 0)
{
printf("Queue Underflow\n");
return;
}
printf("The item deleted is: %d\n", q[f]);
f = (f+1) % QSIZE;
count--;
}
/* Display Operation */
void display(int front)
{
int i;
/* Check for Empty Queue */
if(count == 0)
{
printf("Queue is Empty\n");
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 return;
}
/* Display the contents of the queue */
printf("Contents of the queue\n");
for(i=1; i<=count; i++)
{
printf("%d\n",q[front]);
front = (front+1) % QSIZE;
}
}
void main()
{
int choice;
do
{
printf("***********************\n");
printf("Circular Queue Operations\n");
printf("1. Insert\n");
printf("2. Delete\n");
printf("3. Display\n");
printf("4. Quit\n");
printf("Enter your choice:\n");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1: printf("Enter the item to be inserted\n");
scanf("%d",&item);
insert();
break;
case 2: del();
break;
case 3: display(f);
break;
case 4: exit(0);
default:printf("Invalid choice\n");
}
}while(choice!=4);
}

OUTPUT
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit
Enter your choice:
1
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Enter the item to be inserted
10
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

1
Enter the item to be inserted
20
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

1
Enter the item to be inserted
30
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

1
Enter the item to be inserted
40
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

3
Contents of the queue
10
20
30
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
40
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

1
Enter the item to be inserted
50
Queue Overflow
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

3
Contents of the queue
10
20
30
40
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

2
The item deleted is: 10
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

1
Enter the item to be inserted
60
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

3
Contents of the queue
60
20
30
40
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

2
The item deleted is: 20
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

3
Contents of the queue
60
30
40
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

2
The item deleted is: 30
***********************
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

2
The item deleted is: 40
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

2
The item deleted is: 60
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

2
Queue Underflow
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

3
Queue is Empty
***********************
Circular Queue Operations
1. Insert
2. Delete
3. Display
4. Quit

Enter your choice:

4
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
7. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Singly Linked List (SLL) of
Student Data with the fields: USN, Name, Programme, Sem, PhNo a. Create a SLL of N Students
Data by using front insertion. b. Display the status of SLL and count the number of nodes in it c.
Perform Insertion / Deletion at End of SLL d. Perform Insertion / Deletion at Front of
SLL(Demonstration of stack) e. Exit

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int count=0;
struct node
{
int sem;
long int phno;
char name[20], branch[10], usn[20];
struct node *next;
}*first=NULL,*last=NULL,*temp=NULL, *temp1;
void create()
{
int sem;
long int phno;
char name[20],branch[10],usn[20];
temp=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("\n Enter USN, NAME, BRANCH, SEMESTER, PHNUM of student : ");
scanf("%s %s %s %d %ld", usn, name,branch, &sem,&phno);
strcpy(temp->usn,usn);
strcpy(temp->name,name);
strcpy(temp->branch,branch);
temp->sem = sem;
temp->phno = phno;
temp->next=NULL;
count++;
}
void insert_atfirst()
{
if (first == NULL)
{
create();
first = temp;
last = first;
}
else
{
create();
temp->next = first;
first = temp;
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
}
void insert_atlast()
{
if(first==NULL)
{
create();
first = temp;
last = first;
}
else
{
create();
last->next = temp;
last = temp;
}
}
void display()
{
temp1=first;
if(temp1 == NULL)
{
printf("List empty to display \n");
return;
}
printf("\n Linked list elements from begining : \n");
printf("USN\t NAME\t BRANCH\t SEMESTER\t PH.NUM\n");
while (temp1!= NULL)
{
printf("%s\t %s\t %s\t %d\t\t %ld\n", temp1->usn, temp1->name,temp1->branch,temp1-
>sem,temp1->phno);
temp1 = temp1->next;
}
printf(" No of students = %d ", count);
}
void delete_end()
{
struct node *temp;
temp=first;
if(first==NULL)
/* List is Empty */
{
printf("List is Empty\n");
return;
}
if(temp->next==NULL)
/* If only there is one node in the List */
{

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

 printf("%s %s %s %d %ld\n", temp->usn, temp->name,temp->branch, temp->sem, temp-
>phno );
free(temp);
first=NULL;
}
else
/* If more than one node in the List */
{
while(temp->next!=last)
temp=temp->next;
printf("%s %s %s %d %ld\n", last->usn, last->name,last->branch, last->sem, last->phno );
free(last);
temp->next=NULL;
last=temp;
}
count--;
}
void delete_front()
{
struct node *temp;
temp=first;
if(first==NULL)
/* List is Empty */
{
printf("List is Empty\n");
return;
}
if(temp->next==NULL) /* If only there is one node in the List */
{
printf("%s %s %s %d %ld\n", temp->usn, temp->name,temp->branch, temp->sem, temp-
>phno );
free(temp);
first=NULL;
}
else
/* If more than one node in the List */
{
first=temp->next;
printf("%s %s %s %d %ld", temp->usn, temp->name,temp->branch,temp->sem, temp-
>phno );
free(temp);
}
count--;
}
void main()
{
int ch,n,i;
first=NULL;
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 temp = temp1 = NULL;
printf("-----------------MENU----------------------\n");
printf("\n 1 Create a SLL of n Employees");
printf("\n 2 - Display from beginning");
printf("\n 3 - Insert at end");
printf("\n 4 - delete at end");
printf("\n 5 - Insert at beg");
printf("\n 6 - delete at beg");
printf("\n 7 - exit\n");
printf("-------------------------------------------\n");
while (1)
{
printf("\n Enter choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1: printf("\n Enter no of students : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
insert_atfirst();
break;
case 2: display();
break;
case 3: insert_atlast();
break;
case 4: delete_end();
break;
case 5: insert_atfirst();
break;
case 6: delete_front();
break;
case 7: exit(0);
default:printf("Wrong Choice\n");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
-----------------MENU----------------------
1 Create a SLL of n Employees
2 - Display from beginning
3 - Insert at end
4 - delete at end
5 - Insert at beg
6 - delete at beg
7 - exit
-------------------------------------------
Enter choice : 1
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Enter no of students : 1
Enter USN, NAME, BRANCH, SEMESTER, PHNUM of student : 01 anu cs 3 123456789

Enter choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
USN NAME BRANCH SEMESTER PH.NUM
01 anu cs 3 123456789
No of students = 1

Enter choice : 3
Enter USN, NAME, BRANCH, SEMESTER, PHNUM of student : 02 bhavana cse 3 123456789

Enter choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
USN NAME BRANCH SEMESTER PH.NUM
01 anu cs 3 123456789
02 bhavana cse 3 123456789
No of students = 2

Enter choice : 5
Enter USN, NAME, BRANCH, SEMESTER, PHNUM of student : 03 chandana cs 3 123456789

Enter choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
USN NAME BRANCH SEMESTER PH.NUM
03 chandana cs 3 123456789
01 anu cs 3 123456789
02 bhavana cse 3 123456789
No of students = 3

Enter choice : 4
02 bhavana cse 3 123456789

Enter choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
USN NAME BRANCH SEMESTER PH.NUM
03 chandana cs 3 123456789
01 anu cs 3 123456789
No of students = 2

Enter choice : 6
03 chandana cs 3 123456789
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Enter choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
USN NAME BRANCH SEMESTER PH.NUM
01 anu cs 3 123456789
No of students = 1
Enter choice : 7

8. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Doubly Linked List (DLL)
of Employee Data with the fields: SSN, Name, Dept, Designation, Sal, PhNo a. Create a DLL of N
Employees Data by using end insertion. b. Display the status of DLL and count the number of nodes
in it c. Perform Insertion and Deletion at End of DLL d. Perform Insertion and Deletion at Front of
DLL e. Demonstrate how this DLL can be used as Double Ended Queue. f. Exit

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlid.h>
#include<string.h>
int count=0;
struct node
{
struct node *prev;
int ssn;
long int phno;
float sal;
char name[20],dept[10],desg[20];
struct node *next;
}*first,*temp,*last;
void create()
{
int ssn;
long int phno;
float sal;
char name[20],dept[10],desg[20];
temp =(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
temp->prev = NULL;
temp->next = NULL;
printf("\n Enter ssn,name,department, designation, salary and phno of employee : ");
scanf("%d %s %s %s %f %ld", &ssn, name,dept,desg,&sal, &phno);
temp->ssn = ssn;
strcpy(temp->name,name);
strcpy(temp->dept,dept);
strcpy(temp->desg,desg);
temp->sal = sal;
temp->phno = phno;
count++;
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
void display()
{
temp = first;
if(temp == NULL)
{
printf("List is Empty\n");
return;
}
printf("\n Linked list elements from begining : \n");
while (temp != NULL)
{
printf("%d %s %s %s %f %ld\n", temp->ssn, temp->name,temp->dept,temp->desg,temp-
>sal, temp->phno );
temp = temp->next;
}
printf(" No of employees = %d", count);
}
void insert_front()
{
if (first == NULL)
{
create();
first = temp;
last = first;
}
else
{
create();
temp->next = first;
first->prev = temp;
first = temp;
}
}
void delete_front()
{
struct node *cur=first;
if(first == NULL) /* If the List is Empty */
{
printf("List is Empty\n");
return;
}
if(first->next == NULL) /*If there is only one node in the List */
{
printf("%d %s %s %s %f %ld\n", first->ssn, first->name,first->dept, first->desg,first-
>sal,first->phno );
free(first);
first = NULL;
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 else
{
first = first->next;
printf("%d %s %s %s %f %ld", cur->ssn, cur->name,cur->dept, cur->desg,cur->sal, cur-
>phno );
free(cur);
}
count--;
}
void insert_rear()
{
if(first == NULL)
{
create();
first = temp;
last = first;
}
else
{
create();
last->next = temp;
temp->prev = last;
last = temp;
}
}
void delete_rear()
{
if(first == NULL) /*If the list is Empty */
{
printf("List is Empty\n");
return;
}
if(first->next == NULL) /*If there is only one node in the List */
{
printf("%d %s %s %s %f %ld\n", first->ssn, first->name,first->dept, first->desg,first-
>sal,first->phno );
free(first);
first = NULL;
}
else
{
temp = last->prev;
temp->next = NULL;
printf("%d %s %s %s %f %ld\n", last->ssn, last->name,last->dept, last->desg,last->sal,
last->phno );
free(last);
last=temp;
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 count--;
}
void main()
{
int ch,n,i;
first = NULL;
temp = last = NULL;
printf("-----------------MENU--------------------\n");
printf("\n 1 - Create a DLL of n emp");
printf("\n 2 - Display from beginning");
printf("\n 3 - Insert at front end");
printf("\n 4 - Delete at front end");
printf("\n 5 - Insert at rear end");
printf("\n 6 - Delete at rear end");
printf("\n 7 - exit\n");
printf("------------------------------------------\n");
while (1)
{
printf("\n Enter Choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1: printf("\n Enter no of employees : ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
insert_rear();
break;
case 2: display();
break;
case 3: insert_front();
break;
case 4: delete_front();
break;
case 5: insert_rear();
break;
case 6: delete_rear();
break;
case 7: exit(0);
default:printf("Wrong Choice\n");
}
}
}

OUTPUT:
-----------------MENU--------------------
1 - Create a DLL of n emp
2 - Display from beginning
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 3 - Insert at front end
4 - Delete at front end
5 - Insert at rear end
6 - Delete at rear end
7 - exit
------------------------------------------
Enter Choice : 1
Enter no of employees : 2
Enter ssn,name,department, designation, salary and phno of employee : 01 anusha cse hr 15000
1234567890
Enter ssn,name,department, designation, salary and phno of employee : 02 bhavya cse manager 20000
1234567890

Enter Choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
1 sha cse hr 15000.000000 1234567890
2 bhavya cse manager 20000.000000 1234567890
No of employees = 2

Enter Choice : 3
Enter ssn,name,department, designation, salary and phno of employee : 03 maha sales assistant 20000
1234567890

Enter Choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
3 maha sales assistant 20000.000000 1234567890
1 sha cse hr 15000.000000 1234567890
2 bhavya cse manager 20000.000000 1234567890
No of employees = 3

Enter Choice : 5
Enter ssn,name,department, designation, salary and phno of employee : 04 shruthi research professor
30000 1234567890

Enter Choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
3 maha sales assistant 20000.000000 1234567890
1 sha cse hr 15000.000000 1234567890
2 bhavya cse manager 20000.000000 1234567890
4 shruthi research professor 30000.000000 1234567890
No of employees = 4

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

Enter Choice : 4
3 maha sales assistant 20000.000000 1234567890

Enter Choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
1 sh cse hr 15000.000000 1234567890
2 bhavya cse manager 20000.000000 1234567890
4 shruthi research professor 30000.000000 1234567890
No of employees = 3

Enter Choice : 6
4 shruthi research professor 30000.000000 1234567890
Enter Choice : 2
Linked list elements from begining :
1 sha cse hr 15000.000000 1234567890
2 bhavya cse manager 20000.000000 1234567890
No of employees = 2

Enter Choice : 7

9. Develop a Program in C for the following operationson Singly Circular Linked List (SCLL) with
header nodes a. Represent and Evaluate a Polynomial P(x,y,z) = 6x 2 y 2 z-4yz 5 +3x 3 yz+2xy 5 z-
2xyz 3 b. Find the sum of two polynomials POLY1(x,y,z) and POLY2(x,y,z) and store the result in
POLYSUM(x,y,z) Support the program with appropriate functions for each of the above operations

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
struct node
{
int cf, px, py, pz;
int flag;
struct node *link;
};
typedef struct node NODE;
NODE* getnode()
{
NODE *x;
x = (NODE*)malloc(sizeof(NODE));
if(x == NULL)
{
printf("Insufficient memory\n");
exit(0);
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 return x;
}
void display(NODE *head)
{
NODE *temp;
if(head->link == head)
{
printf("Polynomial does not exist\n");
return;
}
temp = head->link;
printf("\n");
while(temp != head)
{
printf("%d x^%d y^%d z^%d",temp->cf,temp->px,temp->py,temp->pz);
if(temp->link != head)
printf(" + ");
temp = temp->link;
}
printf("\n");
}
NODE* insert_rear(int cf,int x,int y,int z,NODE *head)
{
NODE *temp, *cur;
temp = getnode();
temp->cf = cf;
temp->px = x;
temp->py = y;
temp->pz = z;
cur = head->link;
while(cur->link != head)
cur = cur->link;
cur->link = temp;
temp->link = head;
return head;
}
NODE* read_poly(NODE *head)
{
int px, py, pz, cf, ch;
printf("\nEnter coeff: ");
scanf("%d",&cf);
printf("\nEnter x, y, z powers(0-indiacate NO term): ");
scanf("%d%d%d", &px, &py, &pz);
head = insert_rear(cf,px,py,pz,head);
printf("\nIf you wish to continue press 1 otherwise 0: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
while(ch != 0)
{
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 printf("\nEnter coeff: ");
scanf("%d",&cf);
printf("\nEnter x, y, z powers(0-indiacate NO term): ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&px, &py, &pz);
head = insert_rear(cf,px,py,pz,head);
printf("\nIf you wish to continue press 1 otherwise 0: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
}
return head;
}
NODE* add_poly(NODE *h1,NODE *h2,NODE *h3)
{
NODE *p1, *p2;
int cf;
p1 = h1->link;
while(p1 != h1)
{
p2=h2->link;
while(p2 != h2)
{
if(p1->px == p2->px && p1->py == p2->py && p1->pz == p2->pz)
break;
p2 = p2->link;
}
if(p2 != h2)
{
cf = p1->cf + p2->cf;
p2->flag = 1;
if(cf != 0)
h3 = insert_rear(cf,p1->px,p1->py,p1->pz,h3);
}
else
h3 = insert_rear(p1->cf,p1->px,p1->py,p1->pz,h3);
p1 = p1->link;
}
p2 = h2->link;
while(p2 != h2)
{
if(p2->flag == 0)
h3 = insert_rear(p2->cf,p2->px,p2->py,p2->pz,h3);
p2 = p2->link;
}
return h3;
}
void evaluate(NODE *head)
{
NODE *h1=head->link;
int x, y, z;
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 float result = 0.0;
printf("\nEnter x, y, z, terms to evaluate:\n");
scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &z);
while(h1 != head)
{
result = result + (h1->cf * pow(x,h1->px) * pow(y,h1->py) * pow(z,h1->pz));
h1 = h1->link;
}
printf("\nPolynomial result is: %f", result);
}
void main()
{
NODE *h1, *h2, *h3, *eval;
int ch;
while(1)
{
eval = getnode();
h1 = getnode();
h2 = getnode();
h3 = getnode();
eval->link = eval;
h1->link = h1;
h2->link = h2;
h3->link = h3;
printf("\n\n1.Evaluate polynomial\n2.Add two polynomials\n3.Exit\n");
printf("Enter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1: printf("\nEnter polynomial to evaluate:\n");
eval = read_poly(eval);
display(eval);
evaluate(eval);
free(eval);
break;
case 2: printf("\nEnter the first polynomial: ");
h1 = read_poly(h1);
printf("Flag = %d\n",h1->flag);
printf("\nEnter the second polynomial: ");
h2 = read_poly(h2);
h3 = add_poly(h1,h2,h3);
printf("\nFirst polynomial is: ");
display(h1);
printf("\nSecond polynomial is: ");
display(h2);
printf("\nThe sum of 2 polynomials is: ");
display(h3);
free(h1);
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 free(h2);
free(h3);
break;
case 3: exit(0);
break;
default:printf("\nInvalid entry");
}
}
}

OUTPUT:

1.Evaluate polynomial
2.Add two polynomials
3.Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter polynomial to evaluate:

Enter coeff: 2
Enter x, y, z powers(0-indiacate NO term): 1 1 1
If you wish to continue press 1 otherwise 0: 0
2 x^1 y^1 z^1

Enter x, y, z, terms to evaluate:

111
Polynomial result is: 2.000000

1.Evaluate polynomial
2.Add two polynomials
3.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Enter the first polynomial:
Enter coeff: 2
Enter x, y, z powers(0-indiacate NO term): 1 1 1
If you wish to continue press 1 otherwise 0: 0
Flag = 0

Enter the second polynomial:

Enter coeff: 4
Enter x, y, z powers(0-indiacate NO term): 1 1 1
If you wish to continue press 1 otherwise 0: 0
First polynomial is:
2 x^1 y^1 z^1

Second polynomial is:

4 x^1 y^1 z^1

The sum of 2 polynomials is:

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
6 x^1 y^1 z^1

1.Evaluate polynomial
2.Add two polynomials
3.Exit
Enter your choice: 3

10. Develop a menu driven Program in C for the following operations on Binary Search Tree (BST)
of Integers . a. Create a BST of N Integers: 6, 9, 5, 2, 8, 15, 24, 14, 7, 8, 5, 2 b. Traverse the BST in
Inorder, Preorder and Post Order c. Search the BST for a given element (KEY) and report the
appropriate message d. Exit

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct BST
{
int data;
struct BST *left;
struct BST *right;
};

typedef struct BST NODE;

NODE* createtree(NODE *root, int data)
{
if (root == NULL)
{
NODE *temp;
temp = (NODE*) malloc (sizeof(NODE));
temp->data = data;
temp->left = temp->right = NULL;
return temp;
}
if (data < (root->data))
root->left = createtree(root->left, data);
else if (data > root->data)
root -> right = createtree(root->right, data);
return root;
}
void inorder(NODE *root)
{
if(root != NULL)
{
inorder(root->left);
printf("%d\t", root->data);
inorder(root->right);
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
}
void preorder(NODE *root)
{
if(root != NULL)
{
printf("%d\t", root->data);
preorder(root->left);
preorder(root->right);
}
}
void postorder(NODE *root)
{
if(root != NULL)
{
postorder(root->left);
postorder(root->right);
printf("%d\t", root->data);
}
}
NODE *search(NODE *root, int data)
{
if(root == NULL)
printf("\nElement not found");
else if(data < root->data)
root->left = search(root->left, data);
else if(data > root->data)
root->right = search(root->right, data);
else
printf("\nElement found is: %d", root->data);
return root;
}
void main()
{
int data, ch, i, n;
NODE *root = NULL;
while (1)
{
printf("\n1.Creation of Binary Search Tree");
printf("\n2.Inorder\n3.Preorder\n4.Postorder\n5.Search\n6.Exit");
printf("\nEnter your choice: ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch (ch)
{
case 1: printf("\nEnter N value: " );
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\nEnter the values to create BST like(6,9,5,2,8,15,24,14,7,8,5,2)\n");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 scanf("%d", &data);
root = createtree(root, data);
}
break;
case 2: printf("\nInorder Traversal: \n");
inorder(root);
break;
case 3: printf("\nPreorder Traversal: \n");
preorder(root);
break;
case 4: printf("\nPostorder Traversal: \n");
postorder(root);
break;
case 5: printf("\nEnter the element to Search: ");
scanf("%d", &data);
root=search(root, data);
break;
case 6: exit(0);
default: printf("\nWrong Option");
break;
}
}
}

OUTPUT:

1.Creation of Binary Search Tree

2.Inorder
3.Preorder
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 1
Enter N value: 12
Enter the values to create BST like(6,9,5,2,8,15,24,14,7,8,5,2)
6 9 5 2 8 15 24 14 7 8 5 2
1.Creation of Binary Search Tree
2.Inorder
3.Preorder
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 2
Inorder Traversal:
2 5 6 7 8 9 14 15 24
1.Creation of Binary Search Tree
2.Inorder
3.Preorder
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 3
Preorder Traversal:
6 5 2 9 8 7 15 14 24
1.Creation of Binary Search Tree
2.Inorder
3.Preorder
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 4
Postorder Traversal:
2 5 7 8 14 24 15 9 6
1.Creation of Binary Search Tree
2.Inorder
3.Preorder
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 5
Enter the element to Search: 8
Element found is: 8
1.Creation of Binary Search Tree
2.Inorder
3.Preorder
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 5
Enter the element to Search: 10
Element not found
1.Creation of Binary Search Tree
2.Inorder
3.Preorder
4.Postorder
5.Search
6.Exit
Enter your choice: 6

11. Develop a Program in C for the following operations on Graph(G) of Cities a. Create a Graph of
N cities using Adjacency Matrix. b. Print all the nodes reachable from a given starting node in a
digraph using DFS/BFS method

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int n, a[20][20], visited1[20], visited2[20], source;
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
void read_data()
{
int i,j;
printf("enter the number of nodes\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the adjacency matrix\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
void print_data(int visited[])
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(visited[i]==0)
printf("\nvertex %d is not reachable\n",i);
else
printf("\nvertex %d is reachable\n",i);
}
}
void BFS()
{
int f = 0, r = 0, q[20], i, j;
q[r]=source;
visited1[source]=1;
while(f<=r)
{
i=q[f++];
printf("--%d--",i);
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i][j]==1 && visited1[j]==0)
{
visited1[j]=1;
q[++r]=j;
}
}
}
}
void DFS(int src, int *cnt)
{
int i,j;
printf("--%d--",src);
visited2[src]=1;
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[src][j]==1 && visited2[j]==0)
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 {
(*cnt)++;
DFS(j,cnt);
}
}
}
void main()
{
int i,choice,a,*count=&a;
read_data();
printf("\t\t**ADJANCEY MATRIX FOR CITIES HAS CREATED SUCCESSFULLY**\n");
while(1)
{
printf("\n1.BFS\n2.DFS\n3.Exit");
printf("\nEnter Your Choice: ");
scanf("%d",&choice);
switch(choice)
{
case 1: for(i=0;i<n;i++)
visited1[i]=0;
printf("Enter the source vertex between 0 to %d\n",n-1);
scanf("%d",&source);
BFS();
print_data(visited1);
break;
case 2: for(i=0;i<n;i++)
visited2[i]=0;
printf("Enter the source vertex between 0 to %d\n",n-1);
scanf("%d",&source);
a=0;
DFS(source,count);
print_data(visited2);
if(*count==n-1)
printf("graph is connected\n");
else
printf("graph is not connected\n");
break;
case 3: exit(0);
default:printf("\nEnter proper Choice");
}
}
}

OUTPUT:

enter the number of nodes

3
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
enter the adjacency matrix
011
101
110
**ADJANCEY MATRIX FOR CITIES HAS CREATED SUCCESSFULLY**

1.BFS
2.DFS
3.Exit
Enter Your Choice: 1
Enter the source vertex between 0 to 2
0
--0----1----2--
vertex 0 is reachable

vertex 1 is reachable

vertex 2 is reachable

1.BFS
2.DFS
3.Exit
Enter Your Choice: 2
Enter the source vertex between 0 to 2
1
--1----0----2--
vertex 0 is reachable

vertex 1 is reachable

vertex 2 is reachable
graph is connected

1.BFS
2.DFS
3.Exit
Enter Your Choice: 3

12. Given a File of N employee records with a set K of Keys (4-digit) which uniquely determine the
records in file F. Assume that file F is maintained in memory by a Hash Table (HT) of m memory
locations with L as the set of memory addresses (2-digit) of locations in HT. Let the keys in K and
addresses in L are Integers. Develop a Program in C that uses Hash function H: K →L as H(K)=K mod m
(remainder method), and implement hashing technique to map a given key K to the address space L.
Resolve the collision (if any) using linear probing.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAX 5
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
struct employee
{
int id;
char name[15];
};
typedef struct employee EMP;
EMP emp[MAX];
int a[MAX];
int create(int num)
{
int key;
key = num % 100;
return key;
}
int getemp(EMP emp[],int key)
{
printf("\nEnter emp id: ");
scanf("%d",&emp[key].id);
printf("\nEnter emp name: ");

gets(emp[key].name);
return key;
}
void display()
{
int i, ch;
while(1)
{
printf("\n1.Display ALL\n2.Filtered Display");
printf("\nEnter the choice: ");
scanf("%d",&ch);
if(ch == 1)
{
printf("\nThe hash table is:\n");
printf("\nHTKey\tEmpID\tEmpName");
for(i=0; i<MAX; i++)
printf("\n%d\t%d\t%s", i, emp[i].id, emp[i].name);
}
else if (ch==2)
{
printf("\nThe hash table is:\n");
printf("\nHTKey\tEmpID\tEmpName");
for(i=0; i<MAX; i++)
if(a[i] != -1)
{
printf("\n%d\t%d\t%s", i, emp[i].id, emp[i].name);
continue;
}
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 }
else
exit(0);
}
}
void linear_prob(int key, int num)
{
int flag, i, count = 0; flag = 0;
if(a[key] == -1)
a[key]=getemp(emp, key);
else
{
printf("\nCollision Detected...!!!\n");
i = 0;
while(i < MAX)
{
if (a[i] != -1)
count++;
else
i++;
}
printf("\nCollision avoided successfully using LINEAR PROBING\n");
if(count == MAX)
{
printf("\n Hash table is full");
display(emp);
exit(1);
}
for(i=key; i<MAX; i++)
{
if(a[i] == -1)
{
a[i] = num;
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
i = 0;
while((i < key) && (flag == 0))
{
if(a[i] == -1)
{
a[i] = num;
flag=1;
break;
}
i++;
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
 }
}
}
void main()
{
int num, key, i;
int ans = 1;
printf("\nCollision handling by linear probing: ");
for (i=0; i < MAX; i++)
a[i] = -1;
do
{
printf("\nEnter the data: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
key=create(num);
linear_prob(key,num);
printf("\nDo you wish to continue? (1/0): ");
scanf("%d",&ans);
}while(ans);
display(emp);
}

OUTPUT:

Collision handling by linear probing:

Enter the data: 10
Collision Detected...!!!

Collision avoided successfully using LINEAR PROBING

Evaluation Rubrics for lab Programs (Max marks 20)

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

 A. Lab write-up and execution rubrics(Max marks 8)

Good Average
a. Understanding of Demonstrate goodknowledge of Moderate understanding of
problem language constructs and language constructs (1)
(3 marks) programming practice (3)
b. Execution and Program handles all possible Partial executions /poor error
testing conditions and results with handling (1)
(3marks) satisfying results. (3)
c. Result and Meticulousdocumentation of Moderate formatting of output
documentation changes made and results and average documentation (1)
(2 marks) obtained are in proper format
(2)

B. VIVA Rubrics: (Max marks 2)

Good Average
Conceptual Explain the complete program Adequately provides
understanding with the related concepts.(5) explanation.(3)
(2 marks)

C. Marks for Lab Record:10

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305

Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305
Acharya Institute of Technology – Department of CS&E Code:BCSL305