Introduction to Internet
Dr. Shamim Al Mamun
Professor
IIT, Jahangirnagar University
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(Computer Networks)
• We looked at the role of networks in computing
• We looked at several different types of networks
• We familiarized ourselves with networking topologies and protocols
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Computer Network
Multiple computers that are connected together to share
information and other resources
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Types of Computer Networks
according to the network access policy
• Private
• Public
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Types of Computer Networks
according to the distance between nodes
• LAN: Local Area Network
• WAN: Wide Area Network
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Network Topologies
• The pattern in which computers are connected to form a
network
• Popular patterns:
• Point-to-point
• Star
• Bus
• Ring
• Networks are also formed by combining 2 or more of these
4 basic patterns
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Networking Protocols
• Networks use protocols, or rules, to exchange information through shared
channels
• These protocols prevent collisions of data caused by simultaneous
transmission between two or more computers
• Several protocols are available for various types of networks. Here we
discuss two that are popular for LANs: Ethernet; Token Ring
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Types of Communication Channels
•Wire
•Wireless
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Lecture Goal:
Introduction to the Internet
• To become able to appreciate the role of the Internet in today’s
computing
• To become familiar with the history and evolution of the Internet
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History of Internet
• NPL network
• ARPANET
• Merit Network
• CYCLADES
• X.25 and public data networks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPqG4dxzDAU
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1973–1989: Merging the networks and
creating the Internet
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Organization Related to Internet
•IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
•IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
•ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
•IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group)
•IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
•IRTF (Internet Research Task Force)
•ISOC (Internet Society)
•NANOG (North American Network Operators' Group)
•NRO (Number Resource Organization)
•W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
•OTF (Open Technology Fund)
•EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation)
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The Internet
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Basics of using internet
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How??
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Internet penetration
https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-bangladesh#:~:text=Internet%20use%20in%20Bangladesh%20in,at%20the%20start%20of%202022.
https://1e8q3q16vyc81g8l3h3md6q5f5e-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Bangladesh-National-ICT-Household-Survey.pdf
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Bangladesh Internet penetration
• Bangladesh's internet penetration rate stood at 31.5 percent of the
total population at the start of 2022. Internet users in Bangladesh
increased by 5.5 million (+11.6 percent) between 2021 and 2022.
In early 2002,
54% of Australian population
51% of Singaporean population
39% of Japanese population
3% of Chinese population
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inter net
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Internet: Network of Networks
• A large number of networks, interconnected physically
• Capable of communicating and sharing data with each
other
• From the user’s point view, Internet – a collection of
interconnected networks – looks like a single, unified
network
2000 2020
2010 19
Chronology of events that led to today’s
Internet
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1960's
1969 - DoD-ARPA creates an experimental network – ARPANET – as a test-
bed for emerging networking technologies
ARPANET originally connected 4 universities & enabled scientists to share
info & resources across long distances
ARPANET continued to expand throughout the 70's and 80's
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1970's
Networking tools developed in the 70's include:
1972 - The National Center for Supercomputing Apps. (NCSA) develops the
telnet application for remote login, making it easier to connect to a remote
computer
1973 - FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is introduced, standardizing the transfer
of files between networked computers
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1980's
1983 - The TCP/IP protocols becomes the only set of protocols used on
the ARPANET
This sets a standard for all networks, and generates the use of the term
Internet as the net of nets
ARPANET splits into two nets to keep military & non-military network sites
separate: ARPANET and MILNET
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1980's
In 1982 and 1983, the first desktop computers begin to appear
Many are equipped with an OS called Berkeley Unix, which includes
networking SW, allowing easy connection to the Internet using telnet
The PC revolution continues through the 80’s, making access to computer
resources & net-worked info increasingly available to public
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1980's
1985-86: NSF connects the US’s six supercomputing centers together,
calling it the the NSFNET, or NSFNET backbone
To expand access to the Internet, NSF developed regional nets, which
were then connected to the NSFNET backbone
Plus, NSF supported institutions (universities, etc.) in their efforts to
connect to the regional nets
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1980's
1987 - NSF awards a grant to Merit Network, Inc. to operate & manage
future development of the NSFNET
Merit collaborates with IBM & MCI on R&D for fast networking
technologies
1989 - The backbone network is upgraded to T1, making it able to
transmit data at speeds of 1.5 Mb/s (approx. 60 pages of text/second)
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1990's
1990 - The ARPANET is dissolved
1991 - Gopher is developed at the U of MN
It provides a hierarchical, menu-based method for providing & locating info
on the Internet
1993 - CERN releases WWW, developed by Tim Berners-Lee
It uses HTTP and hypertext, revolutionizing the way info is presented &
accessed on Internet
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Next Lecture
• Intranet and Extranet
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