Dr.

Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology

Orientation for final Anatomy Exam (End of Year)

(2nd Year Medical Students-Modular System)
Anatomy marks of each module

Date of Exam Module Final Written Exam Marks

21-7-2022 204 22
8-8-2022 205 14
16-8-2011 207 25
21-8-2022 209 10
26-7-2022 210 9
1-8-2022 212 15.5
Topics of Neuroscience-2 Module NEU (204) (Anatomy marks 22)
The exam consisted of:
 3 SAQ with 4 marks and one SAQ with 5 marks with total 17 mark and one case, with 5 marks.
- Dural venous folds - Cavernous Sinus - 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 Cranial nerves. - Spinal cord
- Brain stem - Interpeduncular fossa - Ansa cervicalis - Internal capsule
- White matter of cerebral hemisphere (association, commissural and projection)
- Ventricles (third, fourth and lateral) - Insula - Arterial supply of the brain
- Circle of willis - Arachnoid mater and subarachnoid cistern
Topics of Musculoskeletal-2 Module MSK (205) (Anatomy marks 14)
The exam consisted of:
 4 SAQ, 2 questions with 3 marks and one with 4 marks and one case with 4 marks.
- Muscles of mastication - Tempromandibular joint - Maxillary nerve - Mandibular nerve
- Infrahyoid muscles - Carotid sheath - Sternomastoid muscle and relations - Styloid apparatus
- Triangles of the neck (boundaries and contents) - Pharyngeal arches
- Scalenus anterior and relations - Muscles of submandibular region
Topics of Cardiovascular Module CVS (207) (Anatomy marks 25)
The exam consisted of:
 2 SAQ with 5 marks, 2 SAQ with 4 marks and one questions with 2 marks and one case with 5
marks.
- Internal structures of the heart - Blood supply of the heart - Arch of aorta with relations
- Descending thoracic aorta - Brachiocephalic veins - Pericardium - Axillary and brachial arteries
- Radial and ulnar arteries - Femoral and popliteal arteries - Anterior & posterior tibial arteries

Topics of Endocrine Module END (209) (Anatomy marks 10)

The exam consisted of:
 One SAQ with 3 marks, one SAQ with 2 marks and one case with 5 marks.
- Pituitary gland - Thyroid gland - Suprarenal
- Pancreas - Anomalies of development of thyroid gland

Topics of Reproduction Module RPR (210) (Anatomy marks 9)

The exam consisted of:
 3 SAQ with 3 marks each.
- Levator ani muscle - Uterus - Vagina - Ischiorectal fossa
- Superficial and deep Perineal pouches
- Developmental anomalies due to failure of fusion of the two paramesonephric.

Topics of Urogenital Module URG (212) (Anatomy marks 15.5)

The exam consisted of:
 2 SAQ, one with 5 marks and one with 5.5 marks and one case with 5 marks.
- Kidney , ureters and urethra - Testis and Prostate - Spermatic cord
- Urinary bladder - Congenital anomalies of the development of the kidney.

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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology

Examples of Anatomy Short Answer Questions of All Modules

1- Give the communications of cavernous sinus.

2- Describe the relations of the cavernous sinus.
3- List the connections and tributaries of the cavernous sinus.
4- What are the structures formed by thickening of the spinal pia mater to fix the spinal cord.
5- Enumerate the factors that fix the spinal cord in its position.
6- Name the arterial supply of the spinal cord.
7- Mention the external features of the anterolateral surface of the medulla oblongata.
8- Describe the features of the floor of the 4th ventricle.
9- Describe the different types of long association fibers.
10- Give the blood supply of internal capsule.
11- Discuss in brief the site, features of insula.
12- Name the boundaries and relations of anterior horn of lateral ventricle.
13- List the structures forming anterior and posterior wall of 3rd ventricle.
14- Enumerate the areas supplied by the cortical branches of anterior cerebral artery.
15- Name the areas supplied by central branches of the middle cerebral artery.
16- Give the relations of the corpus callosum.
17- Mention the site and arteries share in the formation of the circle of Willis.
18- Give the site, formation and branches of ansa cervicalis.
19- Enumerate the TMJ and give their attachment.
20- Give the origin and distribution of auriculotemporal nerve.
21- Give the origin, course and distribution of lingual nerve.
22- Describe the extension and contents of carotid sheath.
23- Mention the nerve supply and action of sternocleidomastoid muscle.
24- Summarize the boundaries and contents of digastric triangle.
25- List the structures forming the styloid apparatus and give their attachment.
26- Name six structures related to the anterior surface of scalenus anterior.
27- Enumerate the superficial relations of hyoglossus muscle.
28- Discuss in brief the fate of first pharyngeal arch.
29- Discuss in brief the fate of second pharyngeal arch.
30- Enumerate the structures found in the lower concave aspect of arch of the aorta.
31- What are the structures present posterior and to the right aspect of aortic arch.
23- Mention the branches and distribution of right coronary artery.
33- Enumerate the openings of the right atrium.
34- Give the distribution of the left coronary artery.
35- List the branches of the descending thoracic aorta.
36- List the branches of the descending thoracic aorta.
37- Name the arteries share in the anastomosis around the scapula.
38- Give the posterior relations of the radial artery in the forearm.
39- Mention the relations of femoral artery in the femoral triangle.
40- Summarize the branches of posterior tibial artery.
41- Give the blood supply of the pituitary gland.
42- What are the relations of thyroid gland.
43- Mention four differences between right and left suprarenal gland.
44- Describe the relations of the body of pancreas.
45- List the anomalies of the development of thyroid gland.
46- Enumerate the structures related to the anterior surface of the uterus.
47- List the contents of the broad ligament.
48- Name the structures related to the posterior wall of the vagina.
49- What are the contents of deep perineal pouch.
50- Give the boundaries of ischiorectal fossa.
51- Mention the developmental anomalies due to failure of fusion of the two paramesonephric.
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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
52- What are the related to the posterior surface of right kidney.
53- Mention the surface anatomy of the ureter.
54- Mention the structures related to the base of the urinary bladder.
55- List the ligaments of the urinary bladder.
56- Describe the prostatic urethra.
57- What are the structures lie within the prostate gland.
58- Describe the internal features of the urinary bladder.
59- Explain the congenital anomalies of the development of the kidney.
60- Mention the anterior relation of both right and left kidney.
61- Writ a short note on the covering of the kidney
62- Give an account of surface anatomy of the kidney.
63- Enumerate the congenital anomalies of the testis.
64- Give the contents of the spermatic cord.
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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Head & Neck (205)
Problem 1:
A man after exposure to cold, he noticed dribbling of saliva and accumulation of food in the vestibule of mouth cavity:
a. Mention which nerve was affected.
b. Explain the condition.
c. Why there was accumulation of food in the vestibule of mouth cavity.
d. What type of neuron affection?
e. What are other signs of affection?
Answer:
a. Facial nerve.
b. Edema at Stylomastoid foramen compressing the facial nerve.
c. Due to paralysis of buccinator muscle.
d. LMNL.
e. Deviation of the mouth to the same side.
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Problem 2:
A young man was hit on his head during car accident with affection of consciousness. X ray was done and a fracture at
the region of pterion was diagnosed.
a. Which artery is suspected to be injured?
b. What is the type of hemorrhage?
c. How does this artery enter the cranial cavity?
d. Enumerate its terminal branches.
e. Mention two other branches.
Answer:
a. Middle meningeal artery.
b. Extradural hemorrhage.
c. Foramen spinosum.
d. Anterior and posterior.
e. Superior tympanic and anastomatic branch.
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Problem 3:
A 65- years old man had right-sided heart failure as he lied in bed for examination the physician noticed engorged
external jugular vein.
a. Why the external jugular vein was engorged?
b. Give the surface anatomy of this vein.
c. How does it begin?
d. How does it end?
e. Name two of its tributaries?
Answers:
a. Due to back pressure from the right side of the heart.
b. From angle of mandible to midclavicular point.
c. By union of posterior division of retro-mandibular vein and posterior auricular vein.
d. In the subclavian vein
e. Anterior jugular, suprascapular and transverse cervical veins.
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Problem 4:
A 10- years-old boy fell off his bicycle and had a scalp wound with profuse bleeding although the wound was very small.
a. Why did the scalp bleed profusely?
b. Name two arteries supplying the scalp in front of the auricle of ear.
c. Name two arteries supplying the scalp behind the auricle of ear.
d. In which layer, the vessels of the scalp lie?
e. What is the dangerous layer of the scalp?
Answers:
a. Because the walls of the arteries are fixed to the fibrous septa preventing their contraction.
b. Supraorbital, supratrochlear and superficial temporal arteries.
c. Posterior auricular, occipital arteries.
d. In connective tissue layer.
e. Sub-aponeurotic layer because infection may spread from it to cranial cavity via the emissary veins in it.
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Neuro (204)
Problem (1):
A 65 years old man with a sudden fainting attack. In the hospital the condition was diagnosed as a thrombus
occluding the posterior cerebral artery.
a. Give the origin of this artery
b. What are the main cortical areas affected?
c. Name two branches of the affected artery.
d. Give two central branches of the affected artery.
e. Name the artery which connects it to the internal carotid artery.
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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Answers:
a. It arises from the basilar artery.
b. The whole visual cortex, the center of smell in the uncus.
c. Branches to tentorial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, and to the occipital lobe.
d. It gives central branches to anterior part of thalamus, Most of the midbrain, mammilary bodies and pineal gland (any two).
e. Posterior communicating artery.
Problem (2):
A man with a direct hit to the back of his head with loss of consciousness. After few days he complained of loss of
balance and inability to control the active voluntary movement.
a. What is the possible organ affected?
b. Give its functions.
c. Name two of its main nuclei.
d. Name two arteries supplying it.
e. Name two of its fissures.
Answers:
a. Cerebellum
b. It keeps balance, coordination of the motor movement.
c. Dentate and fastigeal nuclei.
d. Posterior inferior cerebellat artery-Anterior inferior cerebellar artery-Superior cerebellar artery (any two)
e. primary fissure and secondary fissure
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Problem (3):
A young male with neck rigidity. The doctor advised him to do a lumbar puncture to examine the CSF.
a. Mention the best site for puncture? Why?
b. Give the level of spinal cord termination in the adult.
c. Give the level where the spinal dura ends.
d. What is the cauda equina.
e. Give the level where the spinal arachnoid ends.
Answers:
a. Levels of L3/L4 and L4/L5 intervertebral discs - To avoid injury of spinal cord.
b. At the level of L1/L2 intervertebral disc.
c. It ends at the level of S2 vertebra.
d. Bundle of spinal nerves formed by lower lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerves.
e. At the level of S2.
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Problem (4):
A 55 years old man was admitted to the hospital with paralysis and loss of sensation of the left lower limb. The case
was diagnosed as a thrombotic vascular cortical lesion of the brain.
a. Which cortical area was affected?
b. Name the artery supplying this area.
c. On which cerebral surface this area lies?
d. Name the type of motor lesion?
e. Name the side of the brain which was affected.
Answers:
a. Paracentral lobule.
b. Anterior cerebral artery.
c. On the medial surface.
d. Upper motor neuron lesion.
e. Right side.
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Problem (5):
A 58 years old female presented with hemiplegia on the right side and paralysis of eye muscles on the left side. By
examination, the lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles of the left eye were not affected.
a. At which level is the lesion?
b. On which side is the lesion?
c. Which cranial nerve is affected?
d. What is the nerve supply of lateral rectus muscle?
e. What is the name of the syndrome?
Answesr:
a. Midbrain.
b. Left side.
c. Oculomotor nerve.
d. Abducent nerve.
e. Weber’s syndrome.

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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Problem (6):
A 55 years old female was admitted to the hospital with incoordination of movements and the diagnosis was
cerebellar ataxia.
a. Name the nuclei of the cerebellum.
b. How is it connected to brainstem?
c. Name the artery supplying the superior surface of the cerebellum and mention its origin.
d. Name 2 arteries supplying the inferior surface of the cerebellum and mention the origin of each.
e. Mention the functional divisions of the cerebellum.
Answers:
a. Dentate, Fastigial and Interpositus
b. By 3 cerebellar peduncles (superior for midbrain, middle for pons and inferior for medulla oblongata).
c. Superior cerebellar artery, a branch from basilar artery.
d. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, a branch from basilar artery.
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, a branch from vertebral artery
e. Vestibular part (archicerebellum)-Spinal part (paleocerebellum)-Cerebral part (neocerebellum)
Problem (7):
A 60 years old man was admitted to the hospital and was diagnosed as lateral medullary syndrome.
a. What do you expect to find concerning sensations below the head.
b. What happened to the sensations of head and neck.
c. Do you expect any motor affection.
d. What is the name of the artery affected?
e. What is the origin of the artery affected?
Answers:
a. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensations.
b. Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature.
c. Paralysis of muscles of pharynx, larynx and palate.
d. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
e. Branch from vertebral artery.

Cardiovascular (207)
Problem (1):
A 50 years old obese male complaining of constricting chest pain and radiating to his left shoulder, arm and root of neck.
a. What is the possible diagnosis.
b. What are the affected arteries, their number.
c. Give their origins?
d. Name 2 branches of each of these arteries?
e. Mention their distributions.
Answer
a. Anginal pain.
b. Coronary arteries, they are 2 right and left.
c. Arises from the ascending aorta.
d. Right coronary (marginal nodal, atrial and ventricular and artery-posterior interventricular artery). Left coronary (anterior
interventricular and circumflex artery).
e. Left coronary (Lt. atrium & ventricle).Right coronary (Rt. atrium & ventricle SNA, posterior third of the interventricular
septum; muscular part containing the atrio-ventricular bundle and right conus branch which supply the infundibulum).
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Problem (2):
A man with stab wound in the 4th left intercostals space induced accumulation of blood in the pericardial cavity.
a. Name the condition.
b. How it can be treated.
c. Give the parts of the pericardium.
d. Name the structures between the pericardium and sternum.
e. Name 2 arteries supplying the pericardium.
Answer
a. Heamopericardium.
b. By aspirating a fluid from pericardial cavity at 5 th intercostal space close to the side of the sternum.
c. Fibrous and serous pericardium.
d. Sternopericardial ligaments, Remains of thymus gland & sternum, internal thoracic artery and its terminal branches the
sup. epigastric and musculo-phrenic arteries.
e. Pericardiophrenic, musculophrenic arteries, pericardial branches of internal thoracic artery and descending aorta.

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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Problem (3):
Following on attack of severe chest pain (anginal attack), the patient complained of frequent attacks of irregular heart
beats, pain and respiratory distress:
a. Name the most frequently affected coronary artery
b. Name the damaged tissue causing the irregular heart beats
c. Describe the name of the different components of the damaged tissue
d. Describe the site, course and divisions of these tissues
Answer
a. Right coronary artery in 70% of the cases
b. Conducting system of the heart
c. SAN, AVN and AV bundle (Hiss)
d. SAN: junction of SVC to right atrium, subepicardium opposite upper 6 mm of crista (sulcus terminalis)
AVN: membranous part of the interventriuclar septum
AV bundle: posterior third of the membranous interventriuclar septum dividing into right and left branch innervating the
corresponding ventricle

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Problem (4):
An old man suffers from pulsatile retrosternal chest pain which increases following effort associated with irregular heart
beats, dysphagia and horsiness of voice:
a. Name the affected organ and the diagnosis of the disease
b. Explain the reason of the irregular heart beats
c. Explain the reason of the dysphagia
d. Why all the mentioned complains are pulsatile and increase after effect
e. Why there is horsiness of voice
Answer
a. Aortic arch aneurism
b. Pulling, stretching and pressing on the superficial cardiac plexus
c. Compression of the oesophagus
d. Due to increase of frequency and force of the heart beats
e. Pressing and stretching of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Problem (5):
A 15 years old boy was hit by a car while riding a bicycle. He felt severe pain on the left side of the chest associated with
severe bleeding from the wound and a sharp bone projecting out from the wound over the lower left side of the chest.
a. What was the broken bone.
b. What are the thoracic and abdominal organs most likely to be damaged
c. What is the urgent treatment needed to safe the life of this boy from respiratory distress
d. Why the intercostals tube must be under water.
e. What is the ideal treatment of severe injury of the spleen.
Answer
a. Broken lower-left ribs.
b. The ribs perforated the body wall externally and the lung, pleura and diaphragm internally, causing haemo-pneumo-
thorax. The abdominal organ is the spleen
c. Introduction of intercostal tube .
d. To prevent air suction due to the negative intra-thoracic pressure.
e. Splenectomy

Endocrine (209)

Problem (1):
A female 40 years old complained of a swelling at the front of the neck. The swelling moves up and down with
swallowing.
a. Name the affected organ.
b. Mention two arteries supplying it.
c. Mention its parts.
d. Mention two nerves related to it.
e. Why it moves with swallowing.
Answer:
a. Thyroid gland.
b. Superior and inferior thyroid arteries.
a. 2 lobes, isthmus, pyramidal lobe.
c. External laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves.
d. Because it is attached to pretracheal fascia.

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Dr. Ehab El-Shaarawy -2nd Year- Department of Anatomy and Embryology
Urogenital System (212)

Problem (1):
A- 65- years-old man was admitted to the hospital complaining of severe difficulty in micturition the condition was
diagnosed as benign hypertrophy of the prostate.
a. What is the cause of difficult micturition?
b. Name the lobes of the prostate.
c. Name two arteries supplying the prostate.
d. Name two structures within the prostate.
e. Mention communications of prostatic venous plexus.
Answers:
a. Enlarged median lobe obstructs the internal urethral orifice.
b. One median and two lateral lobes.
c. Inferior vesical and internal pudendal.
d. Prostatic urethra and 2 ejaculatory ducts.
e. Deep dorsal vein of penis and vertebral venous plexus.

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Problem (2):
A male patient with severe colic in the loin radiating to groin and external genitalia on radiograph shows a stone in the
right ureter.
a. Mention two sites for impaction of the stone?
b. Mention where can you locate stone ureter in the X-ray?
c. How does the ureter enter the pelvic cavity?
d. How does the ureter end?
e. How is the ureter related to the broad ligament?
Answer:
a. Pelvi ureteric and intramural parts.
b. At the tips of transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and ischial spine.
c. By crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
d. Intramural part in the posterior superior angle of the urinary bladder.
e. It passes below the root of the broad ligament.