Adigrat University
College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Course Title: Production and Project
Management (ChEg5211)
Target Group: 5th year Chemical Engineering
Students
Instructor name: Tsgehiwot A.
Academic year: 2016 E.C
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1 .Management
Topics to be covered
Introduction to management
Functions of management
Planning
Organizing
Directing
Controlling
Types of manager's
Managerial roles and skills 3
Introduction to management
Manager is someone who works with and through other
people by coordinating their work activities in order to
accomplish organizational goals
Management is the attainment of organizational goals
in an effective and efficient manner through planning,
organizing, staffing, directing and controlling
organizational resources.
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What Is Management?
• Management
• The process of coordinating work activities so that they are
completed efficiently and effectively with and through other
people
• Efficiency - getting the most output from the least amount
of inputs
• “doing things right”
• concerned with means (incomes)
• Effectiveness - completing activities so that organizational
goals are attained
• “doing the right things”
• concerned with ends 5
Efficiency and Effectiveness in Management
Efficiency (Means) Effectiveness (Ends)
Resource Goal
Usage Attainment
Low Waste High Attainment
Management Strives For:
Low resource waste (high efficiency)
High goal attainment (high effectiveness)
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Characteristics of Management
Management is Concerned Management is an
with Group Efforts/Activity environment oriented
Management is (Dynamic) activity
Self-motivated Management has its own
tools and techniques
Management is Goal
Management is leadership
Oriented Activity.
responsibility, not just an
Management is a System activity
of Authority Management is concern
Management is relationship with performance results
building within and outside and accomplishment
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Functions of Management
Planning
Organizing
Directing/leading
Controlling
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Planning
Planning is determining the objectives and formulating the
methods to achieve the goal.
A job well planned is half done.
During planning one needs to ask oneself the following:
What am I trying to accomplish i.e. what is my objective?
What resources do I have and do I need to accomplish the
same? E.g. raw material for thesis
What are the methods and means to achieve the
objectives?
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Planning….
• It includes identifying goals, objectives, resources needed to
carry out methods, responsibilities and dates for completion
of tasks.
• Examples of planning are strategic planning, business
planning, project planning, staffing planning, advertising or
promotions planning, etc.
Assignment
• Prepare a format or sample for How to write:
• strategic planning, business planning, project planning,
staffing planning, advertising and promotions (marketing)
planning
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Steps in Planning
1. Determining the goals or objectives for the entire
organization.
2. Making assumptions on various elements of the
environment
3. Decide the planning period
4. Examine alternative courses of actions.
5. Evaluating the alternatives.
6. Real point of decision making.
7. Make derivative plans 11
Organizing
Determine what is to be done/ Division of Work.
Assign Tasks: Departmentalization.
Link Departments: Hierarchy Development
Authority, Responsibility and Delegation
Decide the Levels at which Decisions are to be made
Centralization vs. Decentralization
Decide how to Achieve Coordination.
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Directing/Leading
Leading:- A function that includes motivating employees,
directing others, selecting the most effective communication
channels, and resolving conflicts
Provides positive and dynamic leadership
Provides proper motivation of personnel
Ability to command people
Creating good working conditions
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Controlling
Controlling is a three-step process of measuring progress
toward an objective, evaluating what remains to be done, and
taking the necessary corrective action to achieve the stated
objectives.
Measuring: determining through formal and informal
reports the degree to which progress toward objectives is
being made.
Evaluating: determining cause of and possible ways to act
on significant deviations from planned performance
Correcting: taking control action to correct an unfavorable
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trend or to take advantage of an unusually favorable trend.
Types of controlling
• Feed Forward Control - Control that attempts to identify and
prevent deviations before they occur is called feed forward
control, sometimes called preliminary or preventive control.
• Concurrent Control - Control that monitors ongoing employee
activities during their progress, to ensure they are consistent
with quality standards, is called concurrent control.
• Feedback Control - In this case, the control takes place after
the action, sometimes called post-action or output control.
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Types of Manager’s
First-line Managers: often called supervisors stand at the base
of the managerial hierarchy.
Manage the work of non-managerial individuals who are
directly involved with the production or creation of the
organization’s products
Middle Managers: heads of various departments and organize
human and other resources to achieve organizational goals.
All managers between the first-line level and the top level of
the organization
Top Managers: set organizational goals, strategies to
implement them and make decisions.
Responsible for making organization-wide decisions and
establishing the plans and goals that affect the entire
organization
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Managerial Skills
A manager is someone skilled in knowing how to analyze and
improve the ability of an organization to survive and grow in a
complex and changing world.
This means that managers have a set of tools that enable
them to grasp the complexity of the organization's
environment.
Managerial Skills types
Technical skills
Human skills
Conceptual skills 18
Technical Skills
• Technical skill involves understanding and demonstrating
proficiency in a particular workplace activity.
• A persons’ knowledge and ability to make effective use of any
process or technique constitutes his technical skills.
• For e.g: Engineer, accountant, data entry operator, doctor etc.
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Human Skills
An individuals’ ability to cooperate with other members of the
organization and work effectively in teams.
Ability to work well with other people both individually and in
a group
Communication
For eg: Interpersonal relationships, solving people’s problem
and acceptance of other employees
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Conceptual Skills
Ability of an individual to analyze complex situations and to
rationally process and interpret available information.
Technical - knowledge of and proficiency in a certain
specialized field
For eg: Idea generation and analytical process of information.
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Manager’s Roles
Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other
people so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
Interpersonal role
Informational role
Decisional role
Interpersonal Role
Figurehead- ethical guidelines and the principles of
behavior employees are to follow in their dealings with
customers and suppliers.
Leader- give direct commands and orders to subordinates
and make decisions
Liaison-coordinate between different departments and
establish alliances between different organizations. 22
Informational Role:
Monitor- evaluate the performance of employees in different functions
Disseminator-communicate to employees the organization’s vision and
purpose
Spokesperson- give a speech to inform the local community about the
organization’s future intentions.
Decisional Role:
Entrepreneur- commit organization resources to develop innovative
goods and services.
Disturbance handler- to take corrective action to deal with unexpected
problems facing the organization from the external as well as internal
environment.
Resource allocator- allocate existing resources among different
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functions and departments.
Negotiator- work with suppliers, distributors and labor unions
Manager’s Roles
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