Internship Report

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the Award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF LIBRARY AND
INFORMATION SCIENCE
by

Name of the Student : PRIYANSHU JAIN

Enrollment No : 2300058645

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Satyaprakash Tripathi (Assistant professor)
At
Pd. Dwarika Prasad Mishra Central
Library ,Rani Durgawati
Vishwavidayalaya, Jabalpur
(Duration :- from 30/10/2023 TO 01/12/2023)

Faculty of Library and Information Science

School of Social Sciences (SOSS)
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi – 110068

CERTIFICATE OF INTERNSHIP
This is to certify that MR. PRIYANSHU JAIN student of
BLIS , Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU),
New Delhi, bearing enrollment number 2300058645 has
successfully completed the internship At Pd. Dwarika
Prasad Mishra Central Library RANI DURGAVATI
VISHWAVIDYALAYA (R.D.V.V) JABALPUR , M.P.
From 30/10/2023 to 01/12/2023.

Internship Supervisor Librarian & Head

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I wish to express my gratefulness to the
almighty for giving me the strength to perform my
responsibility as an intern and complete the report within
the scheduled time.
 My gratitude to the entire team of Indira Gandhi
National Open University (IGNOU), for arranging this
internship program and providing me the opportunity to
take part into this program that facilitates integration of
theoretical knowledge with real life situation.
I am deeply obliged to the Professor S G Bagchi sir,
head of department for his kind advice, motivation and
cooperation. I would like to convey my gratitude to
Assistant professor Dr. Satyaprakash Tripathi sir and Mrs.
Leena Haldkar mam as my supervisor and all our respected
teachers for their cordial inspiration, instruction,
suggestion, constructive criticism and guidance to complete
the internship program.
My profound appreciation is extended to all the
officers and personnel of Indira Gandhi National Open
University Jabalpur for their professional and personal
support in the completion of my internship program.
I owe my deepest thankfulness to the scholars whose
work I have used in this report.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Acknowledgement

• Table of contents

• Abstract

• Institute Information

• Benefits to the Institution through the Internship

• Status of Automation
 • Status of Digitisation

• Module Description

• Operations

• Services

• Automation

• Digitisation

• Learning outcomes

• Suggestions

• Recommendations

• Conclusion

ABSTRACT OF MY WORK
This internship report presents a comprehensive
overview of activities I performed as an intern at Pd. Dwarika
Prasad Mishra Central Library RDVV Jabalpur from 30th
October,2023 to 01st december,2023 through a standard
Operating Procedure(SOP) designed to guide all those who were
involved in this programme.
The complete internship activities were classified in four
modules i.e. Operations, Services, Automation and Digitisation.
Interns were expected to perform these activities for a minimum 5
hrs a day, 5 days a week for a period of one month upto 100 hrs.
This internship program helped me increasing my
practical knowledge, build confidence, offered career guidance,
including research experience. Under digital library services we
performed e-Granthalaya, an Integrated Library Management
Software developed by NIC for Automation and Networking of
Government Libraries.

INSTITUTION INFORMATON
Introduction
Internship is a preliminary training of relevant discipline
conducted by any institution where students get to apply their theoretical
knowledge by the attachment and direction of present employees within a
working environment. Internship is an opportunity for interns for

• Integrate and apply the theoretical knowledge,

• Find out whether further competence needed, Gather knowledge

on real job environment.

• Become acquainted with the types of work settings in which such

competence can be applied.

Objectives of Internship
The followings are objectives of the internship program Library and
Documentation center:

• To gain practical experience.

• To understand the process of information collection.

• To perform professional responsibilities.

• To observe the unique challenges of the research library environment.

• To develop critical awareness of professionalism in librarianship.

• To provoke career awareness amongst students.

• To increase professional networking contacts.

• To building up self-confident throughout the whole process.To discover

the methods used in terms of processing of library material.
About Central library
University library was established in the foundation year of Rani
Durgavati University. Initially due to lack of independent building library
was started in Shahid Ismarak. At that time only 5000 books were
available in the library. The construction of the university library building
with appoximately 969.75 sq.m. area was completed in 1964 in the
university campus. In the year 1986-87, library was named of former chief
minister of M.P. Pandit Dwarika Prasad Mishra and since then it is known
as Pandit Dwarika Prasad Mishra central library.
There is huge collection of various types of study material like
text books, reference books, PhD thesis dissertation thesis manuscripts etc
in the university library. In library reference department has been
established for students and readers.
In this department different types of reference books are made
available. In the same way, various bound and unbound periodic
publication are made available in the magazine department. In the view to
provide facility to students unpublished study materials have been
arranged in separate rooms and students can use them according to their
needs Presently library consist of 1,90,000 study material, which includes
the above stated study material.

For the management purpose and to provide facilities to the

students, study material has been arranged in separate rooms. In the
reference and magazine department approximately 100 students can sit
together at a time and study and use the study material.
 In the year 2022-23, approx. 2000 books have been purchased
by library which are about to be send to their respective departments. To
provide ready and fast information about the study material library is
undergoing advancement through automation process. To make library
facility more reasonable, reprographic facility has been initiated in the
library. Better facilities are provided to the students for exchange of
books. In addition to traditional services, technical services are also
provided to the students. At present in library apart from internet services
6000 e- journals are available on different subjects to students through
Infliblinet services.

Pandit Dwarka Prasad Mishr Central Library, Rani Durgavati

Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
 Advisory Committee/Staff
Shri kapil dev mishra(VC)
Registrar
Two Deans
Two Professors
Two Principals of colleges
Librarian

Two Students representative

Facilities

Automated Library Fully wifi enabled Drinkng water system

library and washrooms

Sufficient computers Barcode enabled Access to Plagariasm

issue/return of books detector software

periodic/on demand

library tour for better understanding

Status of Automation
 Library is partially to fully automated.
Type and name of software and Type of automated services offered :-
e-Granthalaya
A Digital Agenda for Automation and Networking of
Government Libraries - is a Digital Platform developed and maintained
by National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology, Government of India. Under the platform, NIC Provides
Library Management Software with Digital Library Module and Cloud
Hosting facility to Government Libraries on request basis. The Software
is a Cloud Ready Application; and uses PostgreSQL - an Open Source
DBMS as back-end solution. The Software is multi-lingual, UNICODE
compliant, provides an online data entry solution and compliance with
library standards.
• Total number of computers for public access : 15
• Total number of printers for public access : 03
• Internet band width/speed : 10 mbps
• Institutional repository
• Content Management System for e-learning

• Participation in Resource sharing network/consortia (like Inflibet).

Status of Digitisation
e-Granthalaya is useful to transform traditional libraries to e-Library with
Digital Library Services and to provide various online member services using
Single Window Access System. Latest version of e- Granthalaya i.e. Ver.4.0 is
a 'Cloud Ready Application' and provides a Webbased solution in enterprise
mode with a centralized database for cluster of libraries. The ICT solution is
well compliance with International standards prevalent in Libraries with use of
latest ICT technology and oud hosting. e-Granthalaya 4.0 uses PostgreSQL - an
Open Source DBMS as back-end database Cloud hosting.
e-Granthalaya 4.0 uses PostgreSQL - an Open Source DBMS as back-end
database solution and is made available on NIC National Cloud (Meghraj)
for Government Libraries on request basis with hosting of application and
databases for online access. Eligible Govt/Semi-govt organizations/libraries
may send scan copy of duly filled/stamped PI Request Form along
withcovering letter at [email protected] / [email protected] to initiate process.
Library Rules:
Membership
1. Library is open for all bonafide students and faculty of the University
and Colleges affiliated with University.

2. Memberships are taken by fill up membership form and deposit a

nominal fee Rs. 222/- (Rs.200 caution money + Rs. 22/- membership
fee)through bank challan.

3. Central Library is open for all students, researchers and faculty

members of any Department/ Course. Whereas Departmental libraries are
allowed only for the students, researchers and faculty of the said
Department.

4. Access to reading room/ Library for a specified/short duration for

outsiders is subject to approval of the competent authority.

5. Access to reading room/ Library for a specified/ short duration for

alumni/ ex-employees may be permitted and is subject to approval of the
competent authority.
Discipline
1. Identity card is a must to enter the Library.
2. Cooperation is expected when Security Guard demands and checks
your identity card.
3. Baggages are to be kept in the designated baggage counters before
entering the Library.

4. Marking in the book in any form and for any reason is now allowed.

5. Documents taken out of the shelves must be left on the table/ trolley.
6. Eatables are not allowed in the Library.
7. Maintaining silence in the library premises is the utmost responsibility
of the students.

8. We encourage discussions but not in the Library premises as it may

disturb other readers.

9. Personal Books/ Checked out Books are not allowed for

consultation/reference in the library.

10. Mobile should be Switched Off or kept on Silent Mode inside library.

11. No entry for students other than researchers and faculty members in
‘Research Scholars’ Reading Cabins (Stack room-4, 2nd Floor).

12. Entering names in the register at the entrance of the Library is

mandatory.
 BENEFITS TO THE INSTITUTION THROUGH MY INTERNSHIP
Internship Programme is an exclusive opportunity provided to the LIS
professional to get exposed to corporate culture and gain professional experience
by giving opportunity to work in real work environment. Most people believe that
internships benefit the intern the most; however, that couldn’t be farther from the
truth. The benefits to the institution through the internship are-
 Positive Impact on Institution Environment
Internship Programs can do wonders when it comes to altering your
Institution environment. Interns start their internships with enthusiasm and an
eagerness to please. This enthusiasm tends to rub off on your older staff and can
help boost morale at work. When this happens, your employee are motivated to
get their work done with smile and a sense of pride in accomplishing tasks. This
increases productivity.
 Introduce New Perspectives to the Workplace
When you introduce new talent to your institute, you are also bringing in
whole new perspectives. Whether these inters are fresher or adult looking to
advance in their current industry, they often bring in new, fresh perspectives that
can help increase productivity, initiate new protocols and so much more.
 Foster Leadership Abilities in Your Current Staff
When an institute bring new interns, you give your seasoned employees a
chance to take the new hires under their wings and mentor them, which helps
highlight who has leadership capabilities and who doesn’t. This information could
become vital for you later on, especially if you are considering moving someone
up into a leadership position.
 Increase Brand Visibility

Whether you’re offering an in-house or remote internship program,

advertising this opportunity on major job boards and And networking websites
such as Linkedin can help your increase your brand visibility With the sheer
number of individuals seeking some sort of work, entry-level and internship
programs tend to stand out the most because they are opportunities to get your foot
in the door.
 Discover New Talent for Your Institution

This is probably one of the most well-known benefits of running an

internship program, but it’s also one of the top reasons to consider one. Not only
do internship programs bring in extra help, but they also allow you to get a proper
sense of a Candidate’s work ethics and abilities. Traditional interviews simply do
not supply that.
 Internship grant you time to get to know the candidate, gauge their skill
levels, and determine how well they would fit into your intern could become a
permanent team member.
 INTRODUCTION
The internship as a librarian is a structured and immersive program
designed to provide hands-on experience and practical training for
individuals interested in pursuing a career in library and information
science. This opportunity allows interns to work within a library
setting and actively engage with various facets of library operations.
The primary objectives of the internship as a librarian are
multifaceted. Firstly, it aims to familiarize interns with the daily
functions and responsibilities of library professionals. Interns are
exposed to tasks such as cataloguing, classification, reference
services, collection management, and program coordination. They
gain a deeper understanding of how libraries operate and the critical
role they play in supporting education, research, and community
development.Interns are also expected to contribute to the library's
functions. This includes tasks like cataloguing and organizing
materials, assisting patrons in locating resources, providing research
support, and coordinating library programs and events. By actively
participating in these activities, interns not only apply theoretical
knowledge but also make a tangible impact on the library's services
and user experience.
The benefits of an internship as a librarian are manifold. For the
interns, it provides a valuable opportunity to gain practical
experience, develop relevant skills, and assess their suitability for a
career in librarianship. It enhances their knowledge of library systems
and technologies, communication and interpersonal skills, and the
ability to adapt to the evolving needs of library users.
From the institution's perspective, the internship program can be seen
as an investment in potential talent. It allows the institution to identify
and nurture individuals who may become valuable library
professionals in the future. Additionally, it contributes to the
institution's operational efficiency, as interns can assist in various
library tasks, improving the overall quality of library services and
community engagement.
In conclusion, an internship as a librarian serves to bridge the gap
between theoretical education and practical experience, benefiting
both the interns and the hosting institution. It is a win-win opportunity
that prepares future library professionals and enhances the
effectiveness of library services.
3rd week
Automatio
n

2nd week
Services

1st week
Operation
operations

Stock
verification
 MODULE DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 01
Acquisition

During the internship, I actively participated in the

acquisition process. I learned about selecting appropriate materials for
the library, creating purchase requisitions and coordinating with
vendors. I gained insight into budget consideration, evaluation criteria
and importance of meeting users’ information needs.
 Acquisition Section:

This section is on the first floor besides reference section. It

is an important section of the library. Books and journals of all
Departments are procured by this section and after processing, copies
of newly collected books are sent in the relative departmental
seminars as per the request of the chairman. If a single copy is
procured for any department, it can not be sent there, as there is no
provision to send the single copy in any departmental seminar.
Harrod’s Librarians’ Glossary defined Acquisition as,’’ The
process of obtaining books and other document for a library,
documentation centre or archive”.

 Objection of Acquisition Section:

The main objective of the acquisition section are as

mentioned here:

• A library should acquire and provide all the relevant reading

materials to its clientele so that the basic functions of the library
are fulfilled.

• A library should acquire all other books on the related topics. A

University Library must procure books and bordering subject also
 so that comprehensive reading materials for research and study are
made available.
 Techniques of Acquisition

There exists three techniques for acquiring documents in

the library and among them the last one is currently not activated.
These are as follows:
 Purchase
 Gifts or Donations
 Exchange

Acquisition work at central library RDVV

 Procedure for acquisition

In the RDVV library the process of purchasing book is completed in

two phases they are as follows :
• Budget allocation: In this Phase the Syndicate, deans of the
different faculties, different committed are associated.

• Procurement of books: This phase is conducted by the acquisition

section along with the account section.
 Process for Procurement of Books:

The process for procurement of books goes by the following

steps:
Step 1: The acquisition section informs all the department about the
allocation of the budget and asks their demand for the procurement of
books.

Step 2: The department send their demand to the acquisition section.

Step 3: The acquisition section organise the demands of the

departments and publishers notice as invitation for tender in two
nation daily newspaper, one in english and one in hindi.

Step 4: The interested vendors/supplier cast their tender box within

the time limit.

Step 5: The Technical Evaluation Committee evaluates and

recommends the best supplier on the basis of highest discount offered.

Step 6: The Finance Committee checks and recommends the best

supplier.

Step7: The University Syndicate checks and approves the best

supplier.

Step8: The Librarian appointment letter to the selected supplier.

Step 9: The Supplier gives consent.

Step 10: The agreement is signed between the supplier and the
University Treasure on three hundred taka stamp.

Step 11: Librarian supply booklist to the supplier for pro-forma

invoice with price evidence.

Step 12: Supplier submits pro-forma invoice to pro-forma invoice

with price evidence.
Step 13: Librarian issue work order to the supplier.

Step14: Supplier supplies books and journals to the library

Post Reception Functions of Acquisition Section:

After the reception of the books and journals the acquisition
section performs the following step by step functions;
Step 1: Invoice are checked with the order list to confirm that ordered
items are sent accurately.
Step 2: Each and every copy of the books is accessioned and major
bibliographical information’s are entered in the accession register.
Step 3: Automatically generated barcode labels are pasted on the title
page of each book and are sent to the processing section.
Step 4: Bills are checked to clarify the price of the books against the
agreement and to justify that the discount offered are all right.
Step 5: Bills are passed to the Accounts Section.

System for Payment to the Supplier:

There are two system of payment to the supplier. One is
Cash Against Delivery of books to the library. Another system is LC.
In this system, an LC is opened in a bank in the name of relevant
foreign supplier and after reception of the books by the library; the
payment is disbursed by the bank to the suppliers concerned.
System for Payment to the Supplier :
There are two system of payment to the supplier. One is
Cash Against Delivery of books to the library. Another system is LC.
In this system, an LC is opened in a bank in the name of relevant
foreign supplier and after reception of the books by the library; the
payment is disbursed by the bank to the suppliers concerned.
Accession Register :
Accession Register is the basic record in the library about
each document forming part of its collection. Documents are
numbered progressively as they are added to the stock and entered in
the register.
Generally there are three types of Accession Register
 Accession Register for Purchased Documents
 Accession Register for Gifts
 Accession Register for Journals

Automation of the Acquisition Section

The function of the Acquisition Section are now performed
manually. At present the Central library is using an Integrated Library
Automation System where there is a provision for the automation of
acquisition functions. So we can expect that the Acquisition Section
will start performing their functions in automated as soon as possible
The acquisition Module would be able to perform the following
function:
 Budget Source
 Budget Entry
 Department Budget
 Edit Book List
 Add Book List
 Edit Source and collection
 Letter Number
 Available Tasks
 Report
 Barcode
 Upload Book Cover
 Accession Register by Type

Processing and Description: Accessioning

In Processing Section acquired by the library are processed
here and prepared for the readers use. Processed documents are also
sent in the relevant departmental seminar library as per the request of
the departmental heads.
 Procedure for Process the Documents:

The processing section processes all the books, journals and

M.phil. and Ph.D. these papers. The processing includes the
classification and cataloguing of the documents in a step by step
order. The function of the processing section can better be interpreted
by means of a flowchart.
The steps required to perform the functions of the Processing Section
are as follows:
 Documents are received from the Acquisition Section.
 Then the documents are assigned classification number.

 For each documents a manual catalogue entry is prepared on a slip.

 Then the bibliographical data of the document are entered into a

catalogue slip format.
 The catalogue slip format is edited.
 The title is searched through the OPAC to check if there is any
previous copy to assign the correct copy number.

 The bibliographic data of the document is inputted into the

computer.
 The inputted bibliographic data is edited and then saved.
 The input the bibliographical data into the computer the
cataloguer has to log into the Library Automation Software by using
User Name and Password. The Sample of the interface for log in is as
follow:
The catalogue card for the document is automatically
generated. Three types of entry i.e., Shelf List entry, Main Entry and
Added Entry are generated. Totally four catalogue cards are prepared
for each document.
Processing Module of the Library Automation Software
The processing module of the Library Automation Software
perform the following function:
 Catalogue Task
 Delete Accession
 Cataloguing
 Subject Determination
 Send Task
 Entry
 Entry Using old Catalogue
 Edit
 Bibliographic Notes Entry
 Catalogue Card
 Spine Label
 Processing Module Report

Classification and Cataloguing

Cataloguing and Classification are two technical

activities used to organize library materials which saves time
and provides maximum satisfaction. Organization of library
materials is very vital in running its services. The organization is
not limited only to materials, it includes organizing its staff,
building into departments, sections, and units.

Ordinarily, catalogue means to list down, usually in

alphabetical order, while technically, in library and information
science perspective; “it is the arrangement of bibliographical
data in systematical order from rules or codes: (AACR2 and
ALA code) put in forms of card, book, sheaf, microform,
computerized etc. with access point/headings for retrieval or
searching, through author, title subject, series etc.), sometimes
with help of see and see also references”.

Catalogue Card at Central Library RDVV Jabalpur


 Tools needed in Cataloguing and Classification
Classifier has to consult the following before he classifies;
Catalogue Card at Central Library RDVV Jabalpur

1. Classification Index
2. Schedule
3. Area tables

Catalogers tend to consult three sources of information

when cataloguing the library materials:
1. A rule book defining national code standards (A.L.A. Code or
AACR2)

2. A subject headings guide book (LCC Subject Headings or Sears

List of Subject Headings)
3. A materials classification system (NWLS, 2014).

4. Container of the bibliographical information.

STOCK VERIFICATION

Stock verification implies the physical check up of the articles on

record. This is a common practice in all organisations whether
private companies or government departments. Strictly speaking it is
undertaken to ascertain that all the books acquired by the library are
accounted for. In a narrow sense it means physical check up but in a
broader sense it would mean to have an assessment of the collection
of documents.
Stock verification is a controversial subject among librarians
due to the conservative attitude of authorities for holding librarian
responsible for losses due to theft while no facility is provided or
provision is made to develop security arrangement.
Using unique item ID as encoded on an RFID tag, stock verification
in library can be done with RFID handheld devices more efficiently.

Physical verification of books at Central Library RDVV Jabalpur

Shelving and Self Rectification

 Keeping in view of the essence of the fourth law of library
science, the books after due processing are to be properly shelved and
displayed in a library. The shelf arrangement should ensure that most
used books are to be located in a prominent place and not strictly
adhered to the classification scheme. Oversized books may be placed
separately.

The stacking system of the books should ensure that the minimum
space is wasted for all kinds of materials which include both print
book and nonprint book materials and they are placed properly having
proper light to read easily and sufficient provision for future growth
of the library.
 Shelving:
The books are arranged properly on the shelves to save the time of
readers as well as the staff. The shelf arrangement is a very important
activity in a library and if it is not done timely and properly, then the
whole objective of the library will get lost.

Shelving at Central Library RDVV Jabalpur

 Generally, books in any library are arranged in the classified
order. Books are also arranged according to different
collections/sequences to meet the needs of the users efficiently and
effectively. Reference books like encyclopeadias, dictionaries,
directories, bibliographies, biographies, etc. should not be mixed up
with other books. These books are generally arranged in a separate
sequence in the library. Rare books, costly books and small sized
books are kept in a closed sequence separately. Dissertations / theses
are also arranged in the library in a separate sequence. Similarly, the
books on current interest are kept in main sequence of the library.

Electronic resource management

Electronic resource management (ERM) is the practices
and techniques used by librarians and library staff to track the
selection, acquisition, licensing, access, maintenance, usage,
evaluation, retention, and de-selection of a library's electronic
information resources. These resources include, but are not limited to,
electronic journals, electronic books, streaming media, databases,
datasets, CD-ROMs, and computer software.

 Orgnisation of e-resources:

In any Library Information System (either traditional or

modern library system), organization of resources is also one of the
important and crucial works to function smoothly the library services.
As such, the system manager should have good professional skills to
organize the available resources effectively. In a modern digital
library information system, the professional should have skills like
computing, database management, networking, and other
management skills relating to IT environment.
As such, the system manager should have good professional skills to
organize the available resources effectively. In a modern digital
library information system, the professional should have skills like
computing, database management, networking, and other
management skills relating to IT environment. Therefore, the system
manager should keep in mind the following points while organizing
the e-resources.
 CAS & SDI

Inter-library
loan
Reference

edds Circulation
 Circulation Section
Circulation work involves activities such as charging and
discharging of books, overdue collection and maintaining statics
etc. In a library, circulation is the process of lending books to
borrowers and accurately re-shelving them after they have been
returned, so that they will be retrievable by the next user.

User Community of the DUL

 Faculties
 Researchers
 Students
 Registered Graduates
 Officers and Staff

The book leading limit, duration and fine details are represented
by means of a table as follows:
SNO. User Types Books Duration Fine Details

lending
limit

1 Teachers 10 Books 30 Days No Fine

2 Researchers(M. 03 Books 30 Days First Week T.K. 0.50

Phil & Ph D) After that TK. 01/per

week
 3 Students 02 Books 30 Days First Week T.K. 0.50

After that TK. 01/per

week

4 Registered 01 Book 30 Days First Week T.K. 0.50

Graduates After that TK. 01/per

week

Reference Service
Reference Service is considered as one of the most
important service provided by the library personnel’s to the user in the
personal way. It is a kind of personalized service for bringing the right
time in the right personal way. You can consult with a Reference
Librarian when you are not finding what you want.
The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science
defined Reference Department as, “The department of a library which
supplies information requested by library users and assists users in
locating needed inform action, using all available references sources,
and performs other information services.”

reference materials are kept in open shelves. But some

important reference materials whichSection
Reference have high demandLibrary
at Central are kept in
close shelves. So there exists both open and closed access system in
the reference section. The user can neither borrow the reference
materials nor can they take them outside the library. They can just
read the reference materials inside the reference librarian and against
their library card.
The Daily news paper Desk is adjacent to the south side of
reference section. This desk is maintained by the reference librarian.
Reader can read daily newspapers from 10:00am to 17:00pm.
Some other types of reference materials inside library are-
 M.S. Theses
 M.Phil. These
 Ph.D. These

 Dictionary
 Encyclopedia
 Atlas

The users can not borrow the reference materials. They can
take the reference materials by submitting their borrower card and use
them in the separate reading room. If they need to use these papers
they need to make an application to the Librarian through their
supervisor for the sake of permission.
 Procedure for Reference Service Library:

Reference service is, perhaps, the most important job which

is performed by a librarian. This job, in fact, is instrumental in
exploiting the resources of a library. Reference service can be
performed by the library if the reference section completes the
following three stages.
 Preparation
 Service
 Assimilation
 Preparation:

The preparation for the provision of proper service means

that the reference staff must equip him with all requisite materials and
knowledge which are essential for the purpose.
 Service:

The reference service is of the following four kinds

according to Dr. S.R. Ranganathan.

 Initiation of the Freshman

 General Help to the General Reader
 Ready Reference Service
 Long Range Reference Service

 Assimilation:

It is very important because almost some types of questions

are generally asked repeatedly. The reference staff must assimilate
that information.

Inter Library Loan Service

Interlibrary loan (abbreviated ILL, and sometimes called document
delivery, document supply, interlending, interlibrary services,
interloan, or resource sharing) is a service that enables patrons of one
library to borrow physical materials and receive electronic documents
that are held by another library. The service expands library patrons'
access to resources beyond their local library's holdings, serving as
"an integral element of collection development" for libraries.

Interlibrary loan and resource sharing have a variety of systems and

workflows, which vary based on a library's scale of service, regional
networks, and library management systems. Processes are automated
by electronic systems, including VDX, Tipasa, ILLiad, Ex Libris
Rapido, and OCLC Worldshare Management System.
 Procedures and methods

After receiving a request from their patron, the borrowing

library identifies potential lending libraries with the desired item.
The lending library then delivers the item physically or
electronically, and the borrowing library receives the item, delivers it
to their patron, and if necessary, arranges for its return. In some cases,
fees accompany interlibrary loan services. While the majority of
interlibrary loan requests are now managed through semi-automated
electronic systems, libraries can also submit requests by postal mail,
fax, email, or telephone call, referred to as manual requests. Manual
requests can be submitted in the United States through the American
Library Association.
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENT DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND
SERVICES
Systems which employ electronic technology for receipt of
request and supply of documents are known as Electronic Document
Delivery Systems (EDDS). “British Library Direct (now BLDSS)”
and “British Library Direct Plus” are some of the examples of EDDS.

Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science

defines Electronic Document Delivery Service as “The transfer of
information traditionally recorded in a physical medium (print,
videotape, sound recording, etc.) to the user electronically via e-mail
or World Wide Web. The libraries employ digital technology to
deliver the information contained in the documents and files

placed on reserve and requested via inter-library loan. EDDS can

provide instant access to material needed. Apart from speed, it is the
convenience in accessing information which makes EDDS the
preferred method over traditional document deliv
 EDDS provides immediate access to the needed information. In
such systems, the request may be received by telephone, e-mail, Fax
or online ordering. The document is sent electronically via e-mail,
Fax or document delivery software like Ariel. EDDS can provide
instant access to material needed. Apart from speed, it is the
convenience in accessing information which makes EDDS the
preferred method over traditional document delivery methods.

 Types of Services
Types of services offered under this category are:
• Accession List / Current Awareness List/Documentation
Bulletin
• Title Announcement Service/Contents-by-Journal Service
• Selective Dissemination of Information
• Research-in-Progress Bulletin
• Newspaper Clipping Service

 Characteristics of Current Awareness Service

• The purpose of the service is to alert the user about recent
developments in her/his field of interest as early as possible.

• Since time is the major factor in the preparation of this type of

publication, it generally contains list of journal articles, book
titles, etc. with no annotations or abstracts.

• The presentation of the items of information is such that it

facilitates ease of scanning.

• It has newspaper type approach, hence, the entire list is meant for
scanning.

• The service is usually not confined to a very specific narrow

subject area but to a broad area in a particular subject discipline.

• Since the list is not meant for permanent use like newspapers, no
attempt is made to do extensive indexing etc.

Selective Dissemination of Information

(SDI) Service
SDI service is based on the concept of personal service. It
is directed towards individuals or a research group working on
the same research project in an organization. It is a personalized
current awareness service, where newly received items of
information are matched with user’s interest profile, only those
items are selected which match with the user’s profile, and are
notified to the user on regular basis. The concept of SDI service
was put forth by a computer scientist,H. P. Lehn in 1961.
According to him “SDI service is that service within an
organization which concerns itself with machine-assisted
channeling of new items of information from various sources to
those points within the organization where the probability of
usefulness in connection with current work of interest is high.”
 SDI service started when computers were used for
handling information in the mid 1960s. Indexing and abstracting
services first used computers to print their paper products. They
created computerised files on magnetic tapes that were
interpreted by computers and printed their products. These
computerised files could be read by computers for other
purposes also. Companies and Goverment agencies developed
computer software that could manipulate information on these
tapes in new ways.
•

• This software allowed searching the computerised files called

databases for indexed terms or group of terms on the computer
and retrieve articles bearing these terms. Libraries started using
these databases to provide different services to their users
including SDI service.

• SDI system comprises six components viz. user profile, document

database, matching mechanism, notification, feedback mechanism, and
modification of the profiles.

 User Profile:
To provide SDI service first user’s profile is created. The
expression of user interest as a combination of subject and non-
subject terms is called user profile. Here, user is asked to specify
her/his subject interest, names of persons and organisations whose
work relate to her/his field of interest and details of some articles s/he
found most useful in her/his current area of research. This information
is used to select terms which specify user interest most precisely. The
terms to describe user’s interest are drawn from the same indexing
vocabulary that is used by the document database.

 Document Database:
 It is a computerised file containing recent documents with
complete bibliographical details along with the terms representing
subject content of the documents. The terms chosen to describe
document contents are usually drawn from a thesaurus i.e. controlled
vocabulary.

 Matching Mechanism:
At fixed intervals, which may be weekly or fortnightly,
user profile and document profile are compared by a software system.
As per the instructions, whenever a close match is observed between
the user profile and the document record, the details of both the
records are noted by the system.

 Notification:
Each individual user is sent notification from the system
whenever a close match is observed between her/his profile and
document record. The notification is sent to alert the user about the
recent items of her/his research interest added to the document
database. It may include citation of the documents or citations with
abstracts or keywords.

 Feedback Mechanism:
Most important feature of SDI system is its feedback
mechanism. Here, user assesses the relevance and usefulness of the
items received by her/him through the system and provides regular
feedback.

 Modification of Profiles:
Feedback from the users is analysed and if required the
user profile is modified or readjusted.The title announcement service
and contents by-journal service are subject oriented services. They are
on broad subject area and serve several individuals.
 Here, each individual has to browse through the entire list
to select the items of her/his interest whereas SDI service, which is
oriented towards user’s current research interest, provides only those
items which are most useful to the user.

Database Creation
Application in
different routine
and services

Library Automation
Library Automation refers to the use of computer to keep track
of all the books that are issued, returned and added in the library.
Library Automation is another name of Library Management System.
It is a user friendly system. It is created to ensure the proper
management of books in a library.
In library automation we can store all information consists of book
numbers, author name, rack detail, book titles and much more. It
makes issue and returning process easy. It provides the search
function which helps the students in searching of any book in the
library.
The advantages of Library Automation

 Easy Access

The automation of library helps in easy access of library material; one

can search the book or journal from home. It makes library more
flexible as one can know when to add new books or other items.

 Collections

Automation of library helps in the updating the library material.

Manually it is difficult to keep record of every information but
through this system one can check which items is outdated which will
automatically make a library’ collection streamlined
 Paperless
Library automation has made the operation of borrowing and
managing inventories in library a paperless. All records are saved
automatically in the system and one can track any time the status of
any book.
 Cataloguing

Cataloguing is the process of creating a list of all bibliographic items

such as short description, list of subjects, author name and the
classification.
 Membership Module

This module keep track of all important information of student, who

has taken membership of library.
 Circulation

It is a central and highly visible function of library, as it keeps the

record of status of books in the library.
 OPAC

Online Public Access Catalog, it is an online database of materials

kept in the library. It allows the search for an item of our choice in the
library.
 Acquisition

It the department in the library which is responsible for the selection

and purchase of material or resources in the library. The above
information will also help in choosing the right library management
software and in upgrading the old library management software.
 Database Creation
 Introduction

The Database Library System is intended to Automate the

library activities such as creating a new borrower, giving books to the
borrowers, maintaining the details of all the item that were available
in the books . This also helps the librarians by providing information
such as total copies available each book, list of books that belong to a
particular category (Short, Long Loan, Reference items, etc).
Table
• Book_Details:

This is the master table for all the books that are
available in the Library. This table contains the complete list of books
that are available in the library. Each Book id provided with a unique
ISBN which serves as a primary key. The book details include the
ISBN, Book Title, the year in which that particular book was
published, the type of binding either soft cover or hard cover and the
category.

Columns
• ISBN:

This is unique ID given to every book .Since there may be a

large no. of books with same TITLE, this ISBN no. will help us to
distinguish between books of same title.
Publication year:
Contains the year of publication in ‘YY’ format (eg:2009à09)
 CHAPTER 02
Reference Services:
During my internship, I actively engaged in providing reference
services, which proved to be a fundamental aspect of library
operations. I assisted library patrons by helping them locate
information, answering their queries, and guiding them in effectively
using the library's vast array of resources. This meant not only having
a strong understanding of the library's physical and digital collections
but also the ability to communicate effectively and provide accurate
information.

I conducted reference interviews to understand the specific research

needs of patrons. This was essential in ensuring that I directed them
to the most pertinent sources, whether they were books, articles, or
digital databases. These interactions taught me the importance of
active listening and efficient problem-solving, as well as the value of
being approachable and responsive to the information needs of
library users.

Digital Reference:

Digital reference services became increasingly important as libraries

expanded their online presence. During my internship, I became
proficient in providing digital reference support, which involved
responding to user inquiries through email, chat, or other virtual
communication channels. This required not only knowledge of the
library's digital resources but also strong written communication
skills.

In the digital realm, it was crucial to guide users through online

databases and research tools effectively. Ensuring that users could
access and navigate these resources remotely was a significant part
of the service. This experience broadened my understanding of
remote access technologies and honed my ability to provide clear
and concise information through written communication.
Indexing and Abstracting:

My involvement in indexing and abstracting was a behind-the-scenes

but vital aspect of making the library's collections more accessible to
users. This process involved creating metadata and abstracts for
various resources, making it easier for users to discover relevant
information quickly.

I learned how to distill the key points of research materials into

concise and informative abstracts, a skill that contributes to efficient
information retrieval. Moreover, I became familiar with various
indexing and cataloguing standards, ensuring that the materials were
accurately described, and users could easily locate them in the
library's catalogue or digital repository.

Circulation:

Circulation services played a pivotal role in the daily operations of

the library. During my internship, I actively participated in these
services, which included checking materials in and out, renewing
library items, and managing overdue notices. These interactions with
patrons at the circulation desk were invaluable in ensuring a
seamless borrowing and returning process.

In this role, I became well-versed in library software systems,

ensuring the accurate tracking of library materials. I also developed
strong interpersonal skills, assisting library users with their accounts,
resolving issues, and providing a welcoming and efficient experience
at the circulation desk.

Interlibrary Loan (ILL):

Interlibrary Loan (ILL) services expanded the library's scope by

enabling users to access materials not available in our collection.
During my internship, I played a role in this service, which involved
coordinating with other libraries to request and borrow materials for
our patrons.

This experience underscored the importance of interlibrary

collaboration and resource sharing. I learned how to efficiently
communicate with other libraries, track ILL requests, and manage the
timely delivery of materials to our users. The ILL service greatly
enhanced the breadth of resources accessible to our patrons,
contributing to their research capabilities and the overall value of the
library.

CAS/SDI (Current Awareness Service/Selective Dissemination of

Information):

CAS and SDI services were an integral part of keeping library users
informed about developments in their areas of interest. During my
internship, I was actively involved in providing these services, helping
users set up alerts and notifications for specific topics or subjects.

This service catered to the unique research needs of individual

patrons, ensuring that they remained updated with the latest
research and information in their fields. I became proficient in
configuring and managing alerts for users, thus promoting their
continued engagement with the library and its resources.

EDDS (Electronic Document Delivery Service):

Electronic Document Delivery Service (EDDS) was another essential

aspect of the modern library's offerings. I played a role in providing
this service, which involved scanning and delivering requested
articles and documents to users electronically.

This service ensured quick and convenient access to needed

materials, even if they were not available in physical form. I learned
to efficiently scan, store, and deliver documents while adhering to
copyright and licensing regulations. EDDS significantly contributed to
user convenience and accessibility, making research and study more
efficient.

Reprography:

Reprography services involved handling photocopying, printing, and

other document reproduction tasks. During my internship, I actively
participated in these services, ensuring that patrons had access to
physical copies of essential materials.

This service played a crucial role in maintaining a well-documented

collection, allowing patrons to obtain copies of articles, chapters, or
other materials for their research or personal use. It required
attention to detail, efficiency, and adherence to copyright and fair
use regulations.

In conclusion, my internship as a librarian encompassed a wide

range of activities related to library services. These experiences not
only enhanced my practical knowledge of library operations but also
refined my communication, problem-solving, and technical skills. The
internship served as a comprehensive education in the role of a
librarian, underlining the importance of both frontline and behind-
the-scenes services in supporting the information needs of library
users.
 CHAPTER 03
Automation:

During my internship as a librarian, automation played a crucial role in

streamlining library operations and enhancing services. I was actively
involved in various automation-related activities, which included
database creation and the application of automation in different routines
and services.

Database Creation:

One of the significant tasks I undertook during my internship was

database creation. This involved entering and managing records in the
library's cataloguing system. I was responsible for accurately inputting
information about each resource, including books, journals, digital media,
and other materials. This process required careful attention to detail, as
any errors could result in inaccurate cataloguing, affecting the
accessibility of resources for library users.

The database creation process allowed me to gain a deeper

understanding of metadata standards and cataloguing rules. I learned
how to assign unique identifiers, input bibliographic information, and
properly categorize resources based on subject, author, and other
classification criteria. This experience was not only educational but also
contributed to the organization of the library's collection, making it easier
for users to search for and find materials.

Applications in Different Routines and Services:

Automation was applied in various routines and services within the library
to improve efficiency and user experience. I actively participated in
implementing automation in the following areas:

1. Circulation Services: Automation was used to manage check-outs,

renewals, and returns of library materials. I learned how to use an
integrated library system (ILS) to automate these processes, which sped
up the circulation workflow and reduced manual handling.

2. Online Catalogue: I was involved in maintaining and updating the

library's online catalogue, ensuring that it accurately reflected the
available resources. This involved managing the electronic database and
ensuring that it was user-friendly and up-to-date.

3.Digital Resource Management: Automation was used to organize and

provide access to digital resources, such as e-books and online databases.
I learned to use automation tools to manage digital subscriptions,
licenses, and authentication methods, ensuring that users could access
these resources seamlessly.

4. Interlibrary Loan Services: I participated in the automation of

interlibrary loan requests, allowing the library to efficiently borrow
materials from other libraries for patrons. This required using interlibrary
loan management systems and online request forms.

The application of automation in these routines and services significantly

improved the library's overall efficiency, making it easier for patrons to
access and utilize its resources. My internship experience in this area was
not only enlightening but also demonstrated the vital role of technology
in modern librarianship. It underscored the importance of keeping library
systems and services up-to-date to better serve the needs of the
academic community.

CHAPTER 04
Here is detailed description for each of the digitization-related
activities I undertook during my internship as a librarian.

Digitizing Materials:

During my internship, digitizing materials was a central focus of my

responsibilities. This process involved the conversion of physical
documents, such as books, journals, and manuscripts, into digital
formats. I operated specialized scanning equipment and software to
ensure high-quality digitization while preserving the integrity of the
original materials. Digitization is essential for modern libraries as it
facilitates remote access to resources, particularly valuable for rare
or fragile items. Furthermore, digitization contributes to the long-
term preservation of materials, reducing wear and tear from
frequent handling. By actively participating in this digitization
process, I played a role in expanding the library's digital collection,
enhancing accessibility, and safeguarding valuable resources for
future generations.

Creating Applications and Products:

Part of my internship involved the development of applications and

products to improve the user experience and streamline library
operations. This included designing user-friendly interfaces for the
library's online catalogue and database access, making it easier for
users to search and retrieve information. I also contributed to the
creation of interactive search tools and online resource guides, which
aided users in navigating the library's extensive digital collection
more efficiently. These applications were geared toward enhancing
user satisfaction, information retrieval, and overall usability, further
aligning the library with the digital age and the changing needs of its
patrons.

Institutional Repository:

My role included setting up and maintaining the library's institutional

repository. This repository served as a digital platform for archiving
and providing access to scholarly works, research papers, theses, and
other academic resources produced within the institution. The
creation and maintenance of this repository are critical in preserving
and disseminating the intellectual output of the institution's
academic community. It not only showcases the institution's
research accomplishments but also provides a central hub for
students and researchers to access, share, and collaborate on
academic materials. My responsibilities in this area included
organizing, catalogueing, and ensuring proper metadata
management, ensuring the repository's effectiveness as a valuable
academic resource
Preservation:

Preservation was a fundamental element of my digitization activities.

I learned how to effectively preserve both physical and digital
materials to ensure their longevity. For physical materials, this
involved proper storage techniques and protection from
environmental factors such as humidity and light exposure.
Additionally, I gained insights into preventative measures to reduce
physical wear and tear on materials that were frequently accessed.
In the digital realm, my role included developing digital preservation
strategies and plans. This entailed periodic backups, file format
migration, and metadata management to guarantee the long-term
integrity and accessibility of digital assets. Effective preservation
strategies are critical in safeguarding the institution's valuable
collections, both in physical and digital forms.

In conclusion, my internship experience allowed me to gain

comprehensive insights into digitization activities within a library
setting. These included digitizing materials, creating user-friendly
applications, establishing an institutional repository, and
implementing preservation strategies. Each of these tasks
contributed to the library's evolution into the digital age, enhancing
the accessibility and preservation of valuable resources, and
improving user satisfaction and engagement.
 ABOUT THE LIBRARY
a) Brief History of the Library:

The Pandit Dwarka Prasad Mishr Central Library, located at Rani

Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya (RDVV) in Jabalpur, has a rich history
dating back to the establishment of the university in 1956. Since its
inception, the library has grown to become a vital hub for academic
and research activities within the institution. It has continuously
evolved to meet the changing needs of the academic community and
local residents, adapting to technological advancements and
expanding its services and collections.

b) Collection of the Library:

The library at RDVV boasts a diverse collection that includes print

and electronic resources. The print collection comprises an extensive
array of books, journals, and special collections. It houses a wide
range of subjects, catering to the academic disciplines offered by the
university. Additionally, the library holds non-book materials,
government documents, and materials acquired through gifts and
gratis.
In the realm of electronic resources, the library provides access to e-
books, e-journals, and various databases. These digital resources
significantly enhance the research capabilities of the academic
community by offering a wealth of information at their fingertips.
The library continually updates its electronic collections to ensure
that users have access to the latest research and academic materials.

c) Library Staff:

The library staff at RDVV consists of professional, semi-professional,

and non-professional members who play critical roles in library
operations. This includes librarians, library assistants, technicians,
and administrative staff. Each member of the team holds specific
designations and job titles, collectively working to maintain and
improve library services. The exact number and designations of the
library staff can vary and are subject to the institution's staffing
needs.

d) Status of Automation:

The library at RDVV has made significant strides in automation. While

the extent of automation may not be complete, it is a well-
automated library. The library employs library management software
for catalogueing, circulation, and catalogue searches, enhancing the
efficiency of its operations. Users can access the library's catalogue
and resources online, simplifying the search and retrieval process.
The library might also participate in library and information
networks, facilitating resource sharing and interlibrary loans.

e) Status of Digitization:
The library has actively engaged in digitization efforts, including the
creation of an institutional repository. This repository serves as a
digital platform for archiving and providing access to scholarly works,
research papers, and other academic resources produced within the
institution. The library uses specialized software for digitization and
preservation. While specific details of the software may vary, the
emphasis is on ensuring the long-term integrity and accessibility of
digital assets. The institution may also have an Open Educational
Resources (OER) policy in place, contributing to the sharing of
educational materials and knowledge.

f) Services:

The library offers a wide range of services to support the academic

and research needs of its users. These services include borrowing
and returning of materials, reference assistance, interlibrary loan,
document delivery, and access to electronic resources. The library
provides comfortable reading areas and computer facilities for users
to access digital resources. Additionally, the library may offer services
to users both on-campus and remotely, ensuring access to resources
and services beyond the physical library space. Detailed facilities and
rules are outlined by the library to guide users in making the most of
its services and collections.
 Learning Outcomes
During my internship as a librarian at Pandit Dwarka Prasad Mishra
Central Library, RDVV, I acquired a wealth of knowledge and
developed essential skills that have prepared me for a career in
library and information science. My learning outcomes encompassed
a wide range of areas, including:

1. Cataloguing and Metadata Management: I gained a deep

understanding of catalogueing principles and metadata
management. This knowledge includes the application of
standardized catalogueing rules, ensuring accurate and consistent
records for library materials. I can effectively catalogue and classify
resources independently and maintain metadata for digital
materials.

2. Reference Services: My experience equipped me with the skills to

provide reference services, including assisting patrons in locating
resources, conducting effective searches, and offering guidance on
using library resources. I can confidently respond to inquiries and
support research needs independently.

3. Digitization and Preservation: I learned about the digitization

process, including scanning and converting physical materials into
digital formats. Additionally, I understand the importance of
preservation strategies for both physical and digital collections. I can
contribute to digitization and preservation efforts with some
supervision from senior professionals.

4. Collection Development: My internship enhanced my knowledge

of collection development, ensuring that library collections are
diverse and meet the academic community's needs. I can contribute
to collection development independently and make informed
decisions regarding resource acquisition.

5. Library Automation: I gained experience with library automation

systems, improving my proficiency in managing library resources and
offering online access to users. While I can handle routine library
automation tasks independently, more complex tasks may require
supervision from senior staff.

6. Institutional Repository Management: I learned to set up and

manage an institutional repository, including organizing, archiving,
and providing access to scholarly works. I can independently manage
and maintain the repository, ensuring the accessibility of institutional
research outputs.

7. User Services: I developed skills in providing user services, such as

borrowing and returning materials, interlibrary loan, and document
delivery. I can efficiently manage these services independently and
assist library users effectively.

Overall, my internship has provided me with a solid foundation in

library operations, making me well-prepared to work in a library
setting. While I can independently perform many library tasks, some
more complex or specialized functions may require initial supervision
or collaboration with senior library professionals. Nevertheless, I am
confident in my ability to continue learning and adapting to the
evolving needs and technologies within the field of librarianship.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, my internship as a librarian at Pandit Dwarka Prasad
Mishra Central Library, RDVV, has been a valuable and enlightening
experience that has prepared me for a future career in library and
information science. The diverse range of activities and
responsibilities I undertook during the internship has contributed to
my knowledge and skills in several key areas.

I have gained a strong foundation in catalogueing and metadata

management, which is vital for ensuring the organized and efficient
access to library materials. This skill is critical in maintaining the
integrity of library collections, as emphasized by Gorman and
Winkler in their work "Metadata in the Real World." My improved
ability to provide reference services aligns with the library's mission
to support and assist users in their research and information needs.

Digitization and preservation knowledge are essential for modern

libraries to safeguard valuable materials while expanding digital
collections. The importance of digitization in preserving historical
documents is underlined by Day and LeVan in their work "Digital
Preservation for Libraries, Archives, and Museums." I have also
learned the intricacies of collection development, ensuring that the
library's holdings align with the academic community's requirements
and interests.

Additionally, I have improved my proficiency in library automation

and institutional repository management. This technological
knowledge is essential for maintaining efficient library operations
and providing digital access to resources. The ability to manage user
services, including borrowing, interlibrary loans, and document
delivery, is a vital part of ensuring users' satisfaction and accessibility
to resources.

While I can independently perform many library tasks, I acknowledge

that complex or specialized functions may require guidance or
collaboration with senior library professionals. It is important to
recognize the continual learning process within the library and
information science field, as emphasized by Levine in "Librarianship
in the Digital Age." I am committed to further honing my skills and
staying updated with the latest advancements in the field.

In conclusion, my internship has not only broadened my knowledge

and skills but has also instilled in me a strong foundation in library
and information science. I am well-prepared to contribute effectively
to library operations and provide valuable support to library users. As
I embark on my career, I am enthusiastic about the opportunities and
challenges that lie ahead in this dynamic and ever-evolving field.
 Suggestions
Certainly, based on my observations, user feedback, and personal
experience during my internship in the library, I would like to offer
the following suggestions to further improve the library's services
and operations:

1. Enhanced User Education: The library can benefit from providing

more extensive user education programs, such as workshops and
training sessions on using library resources effectively. This will
empower users to make the most of the library's offerings.

2. Online Tutorials and Guides: Developing comprehensive online

tutorials and guides for accessing digital resources and using library
databases can aid users, particularly those who prefer self-directed
learning.

3. User Feedback Mechanism: Implement a user-friendly feedback

system to gather suggestions and concerns from library patrons
regularly. This will help the library understand user needs and make
necessary improvements.

4. Extended Access Hours: Consider extending library hours,

particularly during peak academic periods, to accommodate the
diverse schedules of students and researchers.

5. Diversify Electronic Resources: Continuously evaluate and expand

the library's collection of electronic resources, including e-books, e-
journals, and specialized databases, to ensure it aligns with the
evolving needs of the academic community.

6. Collaboration with Academic Departments: Foster closer

collaboration with academic departments to ensure that the library's
collection is in sync with the curriculum and research priorities. This
can lead to more targeted acquisitions.

7. Interlibrary Loan Expansion: Enhance interlibrary loan services to

access materials not available within the library's collection, thereby
broadening the range of resources available to users.

8. Specialized Workshops: Organize workshops or training sessions

on specialized research methodologies and tools for researchers and
postgraduate students, enabling them to conduct more in-depth
research.

9. Accessibility and Inclusivity: Ensure that the library is fully

accessible to users with disabilities, with features such as assistive
technology and accessible spaces. Prioritizing inclusivity is essential.

10. Staff Training: Invest in continuous professional development

and training for library staff to keep them updated with the latest
trends and technologies in the library and information science field.

11. Streamlined Resource Discovery: Improve the search and

discovery interfaces to simplify resource location for users. A user-
friendly and intuitive search system can enhance the overall user
experience.

12. Promote Open Access: Encourage and support open access

initiatives and the publication of research outputs through
institutional repositories, aligning with the global shift toward open
science.

13. Community Engagement: Extend library services to the broader

community, engaging in outreach activities, and offering resources
and support to local residents and non-academic users.
14. Regular Maintenance and Preservation: Prioritize the
preservation and maintenance of both physical and digital collections
to ensure their longevity and usability.

15. Green Initiatives: Embrace eco-friendly practices, such as digital

lending to reduce paper consumption, and promote sustainability in
library operations.

These suggestions are intended to support the library in its mission

to provide outstanding services to the academic community and the
wider public. Continuous improvement and adaptation to changing
user needs and technological advancements are essential for the
library's continued success.

Appendix