4-Wire Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Controlled Fans Specification September 2005 Revision 1.3INFORWATION IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH INTEL® PRODUCTS. NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, 1O ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 1S GRANTED BY Tis DOCUMENT. EXCEPT AG PROVIDED IN INTEL'S TERS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, INTEL ASSUMES NO LABILITY WHATSOEVER AND INTEL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR WELIED WARRANTY, RELATING TO SALE ANDIOR USE OF INTEL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABIUTY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. MERC"NTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT ‘COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, el produ are at nended for use mn medica Me caving, oF Re sustaining sppicatons Incemay make changes o spedetions ana product descions at any tne, winout nates ‘ne net Pertums 4 aa nto Pertums 0 processors may contain design defects or ears knoun as erat whien may cause the produc to eva wom pubionesspecneaons Curent charecensea ssa ae sysiate oy esuest [Conac your lea Intl ais omce or your cedar oobtn ie ites seeereston an bere planing your prouet ger Inet ana te inte ogo are rasemans oregsteresrademar ot intel Corporate os sunsiaanes the Unes Sats an ner cous. “other names and brands may be claimed a he property of ote CCopyight © 2002-2006, tel CorporationContents 1 Introduction 1.4 Overview. 2 Electrical Specifications 24 Fan Requirements. 2.4.4. Fan Input Voltage. 242 Current 2.1.3 Tachometer Output Signal 2.1.4 PWM Control Input Signal 2.2 Test Methodology 2.3. Hardware Monitor Device. 2.3.4 PWM Output Signal 24 — Considerations for Motherboard Designers 3 Fan Speed Control 13 3.1 Maximum Fan Speed Requirements. 13 3.2. Minimum Fan Speed Requirements...... 13 3.3 Fan Speed Response to PWM Control input Signal... 14 3.4 Operation below Minimum RPM... 14 4 Required Features 9 4.4.4 Polarity Protection nnn ssn 19 4.1.2. Rotor Lock Protection 19 44.3. Wire Length, 19 4.1.4 — Wie Type. 19 4.41.5. Connector Housing ssn 19 4.1.6 Fan Connector Pinout and Wiring Colors.. 19 5 Environmental and Reliability 24 5.1.1 Operating Temperature 24 5.1.2. Non-operating Humidity nn 224 5.1.3 Non-operating Thermal Cycling... sovnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnne dd 5.1.4 — Power Cycling. 24 5.41.5 — Reliability 24 6 Reference Drawings ...0s:mnnnnnnnnnnnmnnnnns 23Figures Tables Figure 1. Screen Shot of PWM Duty Cycle. Figure 2 Minimum Fan Speed Requirements: Start Puise Figure 3 Fan Speed Response to PWM Control Input Signal .n.an. Figure 4 Type A Operation, Minimum RPM, Stay on at Minimum RPM... ure 5 Type B Operation, Stay On at Minimum RPM, Off at 0% RPM. Figure 6 Type C, Operation below Minimum RPM, Min, RPM = Starting RPM Figure 7 Connector Housing Figure 8 Baseboard Connector. Table 1 Connector Pinout 19Revision History Devices Revision Description Revision 10__| taal Rewase Now 2008 7 | Cowected Tachometar input Sgoal added datntons fo oparaing medes | Ose 2000 12 __ | Gowected Secion 24 PWM input parameter July 2008 13 | Clartied & Expanded requirements on PWM foc Haraware Monier ‘Sept 20051 Introduction Introduction 1.1 Overview ‘This specification defines the intended operation of a fan that implements the Pulse Width ‘Modulation (PWM) control signal on the 4-wire fan interface. The introduction of 4 wire PWM controlled fans is a means to reduce the overall system acoustics. The expectation is a 4 wire PWM controlled fan when properly implemented will be significantly quieter than a similar 3 wire fanIntroductionElectrical Specifications Electrical Specifications 2A 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 Note: Fan Requirements Fan Input Voltage Fan operating voltage shall be within the range 12 V +5% V. Current Steady state operation fan current draw (with 12.6 V applied, with fan operating in the free stream condition) shall nct exceed 1.5 A. Fan current spike during start-up operation (with 12.6 V applied, with fan operating inthe fie stream condition) shall be allowed to exceed 1.0 A, up to 2.2A maximum for a duration of no greater than 1.0 sec. Tachometer Output Signal Fan shall provide tachometer output signal with the following characteristics: ‘= Two pulses per revolution ‘© Open-collector or open-drain type ouput ‘* Motherboard will have a pull up to 12V, maximum 12.6V PWM Control Input Signal The following requirements are measured at the PWM (control) pin of the fan cable connector see Figure 7 and Table 1 PWM Frequency: Target frequeney 25 kF¥2, acceptable operational range 21 KET2 to 28 kFT2 ‘Maximum voltage for logic low: VIL=08Vv Absolute maximum current sourced: Imax = 5 mA (short circuit current) Absolute maximum voltage level: \VMax = 5.25 V (open circuit voltage) ‘This signal must be pulled up to a maximum of 5.25V within the fan, ‘New fan designs are strongly encouraged to implement a 3.3V pull up for compatibility with buffer design limits on Hardware Monitor Devices e.g. Super IO devices.Electrical Specifications 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 10 Test Methodology ‘To measuue the pull up and current sourced from the fan, power the fan to 13.2V and use a DMM. (Digital Muli-meter) ‘To verify the pull up value in the fan, measure the voltage between pin 4 (control) and pin 1 (ground), ‘To verify the current sourced by the fan, measure the current between pin 4 (control) and pin 1 (ground), Hardware Monitor Device PWM Output Signal ‘The Hardware Monitor Devise is required to provide an open-drain or open-collector type output for the PWM signal on pin 4 (see Table 1 and Figure 8) with the following properties: Frequency: 25kHz nominal, 28kH is acceptable Current sink capability ‘SmA required, SmA recommended Maximum voltage capability 5 Maximum VOL: osv Signal is not inverted, 100% PWM sesults in Max fan speedElectrical Specifications Figure 1. Screen Shot of PWM Duty Cycle 2.4 ‘Tek SRIEE 2.00MS/s, 7979 acas Jao Ja: 5.04 fa: ov c1+Duty 77.90% C1 Period 39.50us Sy sreg of 2531975kHe ¥V 13 May 2004 09:44:19 Figure | shows a PWM output operating at 25.3 kHz with a 77.9% duty eyele output with a fan having a ~ $V pull up on the PWM signal. A 100% duty eycle would be a constant SV signal with this fan and Hardware Monitor device. Considerations for Motherboard Designers 1, The trace from PWM output to the fan header must not have a pull up or pull down. The pull, up is located in the fan hub. The presence ofa poll up on the motherboard will alter the fan response to the PWM Duty Cycle. In some cases this may prevent the fan from achieving full speed even with the Hardware Monitor device issuing a 100% duty cyele. Ifdriving multiple fans with a single PWM output, an open-drain / open collector output buffer circuit is required. Consult your Hardware Monitor vendor for layout suggestions. § "Electrical Specifications 12Fan Speed Control Fan Speed Control 3.1 3.2 Maximum Fan Speed Requirements ‘The maximum fan speed shall be specified for the fam model by the fan vendor and correspond 10 100% duty eyele PWM signal input. Minimum Fan Speed Requirements ‘The vendor shall specify the mininmm RPM and the co:tesponding PWM duty cycle. This specified minimum RPM shall be 30° of maximum RPM of less. The fan shall be able to start, and run at this RPM, To allow a lower specified mininmum RPM, itis acceptable to provide a higher PWM duty eyele to the fan motor for a short period of time for startup conditions. This pulse should not exczed 30% maximum RPM and should last no longer thaa 2 seconds. See Figure 2. Figure 2 Minimum Fan Speed Requirements: Start Pulse Startup Pulse - Speed vs. Time ‘ot ul speed 38 20 2 2 ° 05 1 15 2 25 3 Time (seconds) 8Fan Speed Control 3.3 Fan Speed Response to PWM Control Input Signal ‘The PWM input shall be delivered to the fan through the coutrol signal on Pin 4 (see Section 2.1.4). Fan speed response to this signal shall be a continuous and monotonic funetion of the duty cycle of the signal, from 100% to the minimum specified RPM. The fan RPM (as a percentage of ‘maximum RPM) should match the PWM duty eyele within =10%. Ifno control signal is present the fan shall operate at maximum RPM. See Figure 3. Figure 3 Fan Speed Response to PWM Control Input Signal 3.4 14 Speed vs. PWM Duty cycle ‘hot fll speed 100 0 0 “1 70 0 0 “0 0 20 10 ° 2 3 40 8 «6 «670100 PWM Duty Cycle Operation below Minimum RPM For all duty cycles less than the minimum duty cycle, the RPM shall not be greater than the ‘minimum RPM. The following eraphs and definitions show three recommended solutions to handle PWM duty eyeles that are less than the minimum operational RPM, as a percentage of Ina Type A implementation the fan will rua at minimum RPM for all PWM duty eyele values less than minimum duty eyele, The minimum fan speed is controlled by design and ean not be overridden by the extemal fan speed controller. See Figure 4,Figure 4 Type A Operation, Minimum RPM, Stay on at Minimum RPM. Fan Speed Control of full peed 2 ‘Speed vs, PWM Duty cycle 10 1s Ey PWM Duty Cycle 25 30 8 Ina Type B implementation the fan will run at minimum RPM for all non-zero PWM duty cycle vvalues less than minimum duty cycle and turn off the motor at 0% PWM duty cycle. See Figure 5. 16Fan Speed Control Figure 5 Type B Operation, Stay On at Minimum RPM, Off at 0% RPM ‘Speed vs. PWM Duty cycle ot ul speed 3s a a a 6 PWM Duty Cycle In Type C implementation the fan will stop runing when the current provided to the motor ‘windings is insufficient to support commutation. The fan should not be damaged from this. The fan would also turn off the motor at 0% PWM duty cyele input. See Figure 6.Fan Speed Control Figure 6 Type C, Operation below Minimum RPM, Min, RPM = Starting RPM Example Min Punt Speed vs. PWM Duty cycle ‘wot full speed 35 30 2 2 1 Pw Duty cycle 7Fan Speed Control 18Required Features Required Features 4.11 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.5 41.6 Polarity Protection Fea motor shall have polarity protection. Rotor Lock Protection Fan rotor shall have lock protection and auto-restart Wire Length To be specified in individual fan specification based on application Wire Type Wire type shall meet the following minimum qualifications: UL recognized appliance wiring style UL1430, rated mininnm 105C, 300V, 26 gnvge Connector Housing ‘Wire shall be terminated with 4-pin connector housing, Wieson part number 2510CS88-001, ‘Molex 47054-1000 or equivalent. See Figure 7 for reference drawing ‘The intended mating header for this connector housing, is Wieson part umber 2366C888-007 ‘Molex 47083-1000, Foxconn HF27040-M1, Tyeo 1470947-1 or equivalent See Figure 8 for reference drawing. Fan Connector Pinout and Wiring Colors Table 1 Connector Pinout Pin Function Wire Color 1 GND Black 2 RV Yellow 3 Sense Green 4 Control Bue § 19Required Features 20Environmental and Reliability Environmental and Reliability 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 Note: Operating Temperature Fan shall be capable of sustaining normal operation over an ambient inlet temperature range of OFC to 70°C. Non-operating Humidity Fan shall be capable of sustaining normal operation at +55 °C / 85 %6R.H. Non-operating Thermal Cycling Fan shall be capable of sustaining normal operation after being subjected to -5 °C to +70 °C for 1000 eyeles; ramp = 20 °C/min; 10 min dwell Power Cycling Fan shall be capable of sustaining normal operation after being subjected to 7,500 on/off cycles each cycle specified as 3 minutes ou, 2 minutes off at 70°C ambient temperature. The sample size is 12 units for this test. Reliability ‘Mechanical wear out represents the highest risk reliability parameter for fans. The capability of the fictional mechanical elements (ball / sleeve bearing, shaft, and tower assembly) must be emonstrated to a minimum useful lifetime of $0,000 hours. ‘The fan must pass the reliability tet eriteria with the fan operating at rated voltage in a high temperature environment. Readouts include RPM, Tee and Noise. No infant mortality defects allowed, ‘These are minimum requirements. The end customer should review vendor collateral and have their specific requirements reflected in a purchasing specification, 8 24Environmental and Reliability 22Reference Drawings 6 Reference Drawings ‘The following pages contain reference drawings for the Connector Housing, and Baseboard Counector. 23Reference Drawings Figure 7 Connector HousingReference Drawings 1 8 Baseboard Figure