Chapter 1

Introduction

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1.1.1 The Role of Tourism
Over the years, the states of natural attractions and tourism management
have remained the focus of research works in this domain. Tourism affects the
natural environment in various ways directly and indirectly. There is a need for
studying the environmental interrelationships ….especially in the regions that are
ecologically sensitive (Inskeep, 1987). Reefs, forests, deserts, oases, mountain areas,
and seashores are extremely attractive areas for tourists but these areas are very
sensitive too. Level of impacts to the ecosystem is directly related to the number of
tourists visit a spot. Transportation systems link various locations and take people,
facilities and things, from one place to another place. Tourism industry is about
travel and the importance of transportation in tourism is indispensable. Rapid
improvement in the transportation system is the key reason behind the rapid
expansion of the tourism industry over the past two decades. The advancement in
the aviation industry has virtually shrunk the globe. People can reach any part of the
world in a few hours now. Advancement of road and automobile has also made it
easier and faster to travel long distances in a short time. Apart from that, changing
lifestyle and people‘s interest in experiencing other parts of the world have been
driving the tourism industry steadily upward. According to Culpan (1987), an airline
plays important part in the international tourism industry. But all other forms of
transportation are also necessary as support services of the tourism industry. Apart
from that fuel stations, motels, restaurants, auto repair centers, and other facilities
are equally important for the growth of this industry. Easy accessibility of all forms
of modern transportation is essential for the development of tourism industry in any
part of the globe (Honey, 1999). The increasing interest in tourism has been making
many remote places famous tourism destinations. The influence of tourism
development has another side also that include soil compaction, soil erosion,

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 Introduction

deforestation, recreational use of traditional off-road automobiles, use of farm

animals, and trampling of walkers (Buckley, 1996).

In many ways, the world tourism has been contributing knowingly to the
economy of several countries around the world. Today, government of the country
doing everything to strengthen the infrastructure for the growth of the tourism
industry which has in turn improved the economy and the value of life of the native
people. It is also a great way to encourage the local arts and crafts (Gyr, 2010).
Tourism has also been promoting the concept of green revolution, maintenance of
environment, and conservation of the traditional heritage. In many ways, tourism is
now one of the fastest developing businesses of the world. People have always liked
to travel to other places to explore new things such as monuments, culture, and
cuisine. The term ―tourism‖ was first officially used in 1937 by the League of
Nations. Any person travelling in other places and staying their more than 24 hours
can be called a ―traveller‖.

The word ―tour‖ gained a wide popularity in the middle of the 18th century.
During that period the high-class and educated people of Britain took part in the
grand tour of Europe. Tourism is primarily a service industry that includes
hospitality, accommodation, and transportation (Link BC, 2008). The term travel
and tourism are closely related and they are often used interchangeably. However,
there is some differences in this two terms. Tourism possesses multi-faceted aspects
which mainly involves staying outside the place of residence for more than a day.
There are three basic elements in tourism –
a. Travelling to one more destinations away from place of residence which is a
dynamic element.
b. Staying in the selected destination which is a static element.
c. A combined element that comes out from the preceding elements which is
related to a tourist‘s direct and indirect relationships with economic,
physical, and social subsystems.

According to two eminent professors, Hunzikar and Krapf (1994), the

concept of tourism as an accumulation of phenomenon and links developed out of

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 Introduction

travel and staying outside without creating any long-lasting residence and are not
related to receiving in any way.

The World Tourism Organization (WTO), formerly known as the

International Union of Official Travel Organization (IUOTO), has defined tourist as
a temporary visitor of a predetermined destination for at least 24 hours for the
following reasons:
 Leisure, Recreation, Holiday, Sports
 Specific mission, Business purpose, Family visit
 Health purpose, Education purpose, employment purpose

In 1981, Tourism Society in England organized the International Conference

on Leisure-Recreation-Tourism, and in that conference, tourism was defined as,
"The travel industry might be categorized as far as definite exercises chosen by
decision and embraced outside the home condition. The travel industry could
conceivably include medium-term escape home". IASET then progressively
acknowledged this choice (Burkart and Medlik, 1974).

From the above definition the following distinctive features of tourism are found:
(a) Participation of the people who prefer to travel.
(b) The visitors live and travel in the visited area temporarily.
(c) Tourism is basically a pleasure and fun activity.
(d) The stay of the tourists does not involve any economic activity.

The whole theory of ―tourism‖ is considered beyond the stereotype of

―holiday making‖ by WTO which has officially defined tourism as: "The travel
industry includes the workouts of individuals heading out to and remaining in spots
outside their typical condition, not for recreation, business and different purposes".

As per WTO, tourism is classified into three types:

a) Domestic Type of Tourism: It mainly includes inhabitants who visit within
their own country. It does not require doing any kind of paperwork for such
kind of travel.

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 Introduction

b) Inbound Type of Tourism: It basically contains non-residents who mainly

travel to a country of his choice.
c) Outbound Type of Tourism: It consists of inhabitants of a nation who
travelled out to an overseas country.

Basically, there are three forms of tourism which mainly falls into three
categories:
a) Internal Tourism: in this kind of tourism includes domestic as well as
inbound tourism.
b) National Tourism: In this kind of tourism consists of local and outbound
tourism.
c) International Tourism: This type of tourism comprises of inward bound
and outbound tourism.

Several research works have been done on the longitudinal manifestation of

tourism where tourism is viewed as a human action. This mainly focuses on tourist
creating and tourist delivering zones. There are three main components of tourism
from a geographical point of view which are as follows:
1) The tourist travels from one country to another for which it is necessary to
find out the area where the tourist will stay temporally which is referred to as
tourists developing areas.
2) The targeted destinations of tourists.
3) The route that the travellers have to choose for travelling between particular
destinations.

The follow of tourism depends a lot on the pull and push features. This in
turn depends on various stages of economic development, the number of holidays,
and income. Apart from that the pull factor also influenced the tourist flow which
consists of accessibility and the comparative cost.

There has been a remarkable growth in tourism across the world as a result
of the growth of economic significance. That money that is derived from the tourist

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 Introduction

is absorbed by the native economies of the nation-state which in turn supports to

enhance the jobs chances.

For the overall economic development, all sectors of the economy need to be
active. Tourism is one of the sectors that play a vital role in development. Tourism is
such an industry that supports people of remote areas to sponsor their culture,
traditions, and specialties. There are several issues that this sector has been facing
and the fame of this sector is at stake.

Several phases of the tourism industry have been getting the focus of the
researchers. Its connection with economic development is also studied from different
angles. So, the question arises how can be the tourism industry promoted? How the
image of the tourism industry can be developed? What measures can be taken to
maximize the development of the industry?

1.1.2 The Economic Significance of Tourism

Travel and tourism industry contribute 6.1% to the GDP of India according
to 2011 statistics. Tourism industry has direct and indirect employment of above 26
million people, that is, 5.7% of total employment of the nation, as per World
Economic Forum. The work associated with tourism is more than 37 million, which
is, 7.5%. As of 2010, tourism industry brought above $14 billion and there was
yearly increase rate of 24.6%. The revenue can have a direct affect to economy,
particularly in the sectors like agriculture, hospitality, construction, horticulture,
hotels, and handicrafts. Just the hotel industry itself is responsible for employment
of 150,000 people.

As per Indian Ministry of Tourism, above 5.5 million foreign tourists came
to India in the year 2010, which was the yearly increase rate of 8.1%. From the 940
million international tourist arrivals globally, India constitute .59% due to which it
was ranked 40th in the list of foreign tourists. Considering the money spent by
foreign visitors, India was on the 16th rank. Around 900,000 foreign tourists, which
was 16%, arrived from United States and 700,000, which was 13.5%, arrived from
UK. Tourists coming from United States spend most money, which is around $103.5

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 Introduction

billion, that is, 11% whereas visitors from Spain spend $52.5 billion and tourists
from France spending $46 billion.

There was enhancement in the Indian economy when the information

technology was introduced in 21st century, which led to the enhancement in travel
ability of people as well. Most of the Indians preferred exploring diversity of India
itself. The year 2010 had above 740 million local tourists visiting different places in
India itself, which was the growth rate of 10.7% as per Indian Ministry of Tourism.

The eight South Asian countries engaged natural traditions which are the
basis of the orientate progress, is the attraction to the public from any part of the
world. Countries of South Asia are regarded as the developing countries but the
visions of tourism business are lavish having a beautiful climate, legacy, attractive
nature and environmental place. Most of the South Asian countries are restricted by
the sea that makes it very elegant to the tourist as for example cox Bazar sea beach,
the longest beach of the world, the highest mountain of the world, Mount Everest,
ancient and traditionally ironic culture and civilizations. With these possessions,
tourism can make solid economic growth in South Asia.

Tourism is one of the firmest growing industries in the world and shows a
dynamic part in the economic growth of the country. There are many countries in the
world which are endured in the tourism sector. In the era of globalization, third
world countries begin tourism for developing their economy, keeping the inspiration
to peace in the world, lessening poverty level and growing airlines as well as the
culture. India is a developing country in the tourism industry.

Tourism business is the quickest industry in the world. Tourism sector makes
service predictions and earning overseas exchange which is very vital for the
economic growth of a country. The tourism business should minimize the social and
environmental influences and offers a complete economic advantage for the society.
It makes the economic development in society (Shapley & Telfer, 2002).

All countries of the world want to practice their natural set-up as a tourism
product for developing their economy. As for example, The United Arab Emirates

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 Introduction

(UAE) is ironic in oil and gold but they are involving tourism tremendously for the
development of the economy. At present, it is seen that Abu Dhabi and Dubai have
become the role models for the whole tourism sector. The tourism industry is exact
vibrant which can hugely contribute to the economic progress of the developing
country. Thus, South Asian countries are considered as the growing countries and
these countries should pay attention to the tourism industry as they are filled with
natural resources.

Indian tourism authority and government recognizes the importance of the

tourism sector to the growth of the economy of the country and produced revenue.
The India Tourism Board, as well as the government of India, has agreed to grow the
tourism industry. Apart from that, private sectors are always prepared to enhance the
infrastructures like they are ready to create hotels, motels, amusement park, resorts,
and many other facilities. The Indian Government has likely to make US$ 200
million by 2018 initiating the services at some unique tourist attractions. It was
announced that 2016 was the Tourism Year for regenerating the tourism section
(Daily Star 2015).

Steering Committee on Tourism for Development (SCTD) of United Nation

passes mutually the tourism skills and understanding of all partners for collaborating
the additional correspondence, which is applicable and operative distribution of
applied provision to undeveloped nations and thus accompanying their powers for
building a sensible nationalized tourism zone. For preserving the distribution of a
joint package for the whole tourism sector, the SCTD will find the power of each
and every organization so that the economic capitals is recognized that is
compulsory for reacting the necessities of the growing countries. As a creative
official structure to supply the tourism, the SCTD will examine the viewpoint of
creating a faith for strong enhancements of tourism sectors in the future (UNWTO,
2013).

Tourism is undoubtedly an essential sector of any kind of economy.

Development of tourism is thus considered as a dynamic force in the economy.
While Tourism may be very small at the local level but as it is a huge industry as far

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as the global scale is concerned. There can a huge majority of tourism companies
which has small or medium sized operations. But all these companies offer a huge
range of goods and services for the travelers in one or another form. Tourism is a
type of merchandise which is based upon synchronized production and deployment.
It is necessary for defining the insight of tourism development before looking in the
growth of tourism. The growth in Tourism specified all those actions that are related
todelivering the services for travelers in a particular destination. It consists of
activities for example services enhancement, employment and affluence formation
as well as advancement. Presentation of numerous tourist destinations throughout
linking, training, and assistance of resident tourism formations arouses tourism
development. With the aim of developing tourism we should first understand the
impact of tourism in the developing countries and its profitable effect on them
(Ateljevic & Page, 2009).

The idea of the tourism development process is prepared with some

particular future activities. It involves all kinds of planning including physical,
economic, social as well as cultural. Planning should be applied nationwide and also
in sub-national ways. It includes local involvement as well. It is very essential that
planning is accurate, strong, clear-cut, conflict less and genuine. When the growth
plan is achieved it is important to detect it carefully for recognizing any kind of
irregularities.

There are eight nations in South Asia such as The Maldives, Nepal, Sri
Lanka, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. In South Asia, there
are various attractive structures that have wealthy traditional variability and long
civilization which attract tourists to visit these places. Everest and K2 The highest
mountain Everest and second highest mountain K2 is situated in South Asia. Coral
reefs beach in The Maldives, Cox Bazar sea beach in Bangladesh and Sundarban
mangrove forest in India, Taj Mahal in India, Ajanta caves in India, Sigiriya in Sri
Lanka, Thimphu architectures in Bhutan are some mark of elegant South Asia. The
Maldives is recognized as one of the finest honeymoon venues across the world.

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Most of the countries in South Asia flourish with natural beauty and there is
a huge possibility of the growth of the tourism sector. Among all the countries in
South Asia, it is seen that The Maldives and India are the highest earners of foreign
revenue. Recently, Nepal has also become a wealthy country and Nepal Government
declared 2012 as the year of tourism. Nepal executed some long-term essential
policy for growing the tourism sector of their country. India is also enhancing its
tourism sector in all possible ways. In India, you will get a tourist destination places
in all its state.

The Maldives was quite unknown before 1971. Corbin who was an Italian
tourist found a new tourist destination on The Maldives, which is actually a beautiful
island in the Indian Ocean. The natural beauty of The Maldives enthralled him so
much that he got heaven on earth. With this, the name of The Maldives spread
across the world. In the year 1972, two resorts were started by Maldives tourism
industry with just 280 beds. Soon The Maldives Government (1983-1992) realizes
the significance of tourism in their country and started a lot of tourism policy. In few
years 7 percent of the GDP of the Maldives started to come from the tourism sector
nearly two-thirds of the foreign currencies started to come from the tourism sector.
The job opportunities in this sector also started to grow enormously.

There is a huge geographic variety in India and due to this tourist from many
countries desired to visit India. India is concealed by sea on one part and in the other
part, you will get hills. You can also find the desolate desert on one part and the
other part is totally covered by the ice. In India, you will get various languages,
food, clothing division, culture, religion, belief, race, etc. which make India an
outlandish diverse assembly. Every year it is found that around 75 million domestic
tourists use to visit the country from one end to another. As such, the tourism
industry plays a dynamic part in India which alone offers occupation to around 5
million people in the country. This is the reason why India grips the second place in
the world in the creation of employment in the whole industry. Not only that you
cannot deny the fact that the tourism industry plays a substantial role in socio-
economic development of the country, lessening the poverty, as well as in the
employment and foreign exchange. Apart from that the tourism industry also has a

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 Introduction

great contribution to the world economy. It cannot be denied that the

multidimensional tourism industry is one of the main sources of the foreign
exchange of the country. Countries like Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Mexico, South
Africa, Egypt, and Morocco are the best example that can prove this fact.

In the year 2013, the total foreign trade profits that are earned from the
tourism business all over the world are 1.4 trillion US dollars, which was almost 4
percent better than the previous year. Tourism is thus one of the major industries in
the world. In the whole world, the tourism business share is about 5991.90 billion
USD which is 9.1 percent of the complete world production. Almost 2 percent of the
GDP gets up from the tourism sector (UNWTO, 2015).

Thus you cannot deny that the socio-economic development of the country
totally depends on the tourism industry. The tourism industry plays a great role in
creating foreign currency, increases the balance of foreign trade, create opportunities
foremployment. Moreover, the tourism industry plays a noteworthy role by
developing socio-cultural in the destination, education, progress as well as peace.
Due to this, human standards, performance, good standard of living, etc. are
established. In many developing countries it is found that the tourism industry acts
as the Life Blood. In addition, the various activities of tourism are a source of joy for
people which can bring luxury and freedom prospect. Though tourism people get the
opportunity to gather experience as well as make friends with unknown people
which can create harmony. The government should provide superior importance to
the tourism industry for continuing its growth.

There is a huge opportunity for the creation of employment in the progress of

the tourism sector which is almost double as compared to various other industries. In
South Asia, a lot of valuable tourist resources, as well as attractions, are found. It is
true that the most underprivileged people in the world live in South Asia. As per a
research, it is found that about 47% of the worlds poor live in South Asia and these
poor people cannot even make one dollar a day. According to the data taken in the
year 2004, it is found that out of 969 million poor people across the world, 446.2
million people live in South Asia. Apart from that, this region is also found to have

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 Introduction

the highest child malnutrition having a huge number of under-weight and low
growth. Tourism industry can play a significant role in changing this situation in
South Asia.

Another most vital problem that is found in this region is Visa procedures
which also include border harassment. Border regulations are very complex in
almost all countries in South Asia. Except for Nepal, The Maldives, and Sri Lanka,
no other countries in South Asia permit an on-arrival Visa for international tourists.
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) can announce a
regional visa so that this type of trouble can be avoided. The Association of South
East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has enhanced their tourism industry in South East
Asia with the help of a regional visa for all tourists who belonged to the ASEAN
countries.

Also, the connectivity via transportation is not good in South Asia. Tourism
is largely affected owing to the poor connectivity in the country. Though the airways
have been upgraded in the country, yet the connectivity via road as well railways is
modest and thereby restricts tourism in the region. Also, services via roadways as
buses are not sufficient. Buses plying between India - Pakistan are not adequate. In a
buffer of five days only 3 buses ply between Indian and Pakistan. Few towns in
India and Pakistan have 5 buses operating but these are not satisfying.

Also, the additional service along with the accommodation is not appropriate
in South Asian countries. A perception is developed in the market considering these
countries as poor in terms of tourism. Rates of accommodation in South Asian
countries are more as compared to the South East Asian countries. Though the
ecological principles are quite modest yet the facilities as sanitation, water, waste
controlling etc are not proper and do not induce beautiful surrounding to the tourist.
Considering the significance of tourism in sites of traditional and also environmental
inheritance, organized transportation is insufficient, inadequate space, unfortunate
movements of tourist, public use places like toilet and relaxation lack eminent
facilities, not proper of tourist use, significant information to tourist and services that
give information about the spot is not acceptable (ADB, 2009.)

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 Introduction

One of the major concerns in the tourism and travel sector is safety and also
security. All of the South Asian countries face problems internally. Hartal, border
clashes, war, bombing, terrorism, civil conflict, rebellion are among the common
features of the South Asian countries. Owing to all of the above, the South Asian
nation fails to attract tourist in their city. Most of the developed countries inform
their tourist that while travel to South Asian countries, they must take additional
precaution. Also it is advised to say away from specific zones. New Zealand's
department of foreign ministry has segregated the entire South Asian nation into
three parts as high risk, middle risk and low risk and advised the travelers to follow
this while touring the South Asian nations.

The above image is largely crucial while determining the choice of place.
There are arrays of factors that create a negative image about the tourism in South
Asian nations. It is seen that people consider the countries of South Asia as unsafe
and problematic owing to the security and safety measures. Another major problem
is the inadequate information pertaining to the transportation, safety measures, visa
procedure, exchange of money and a lot more. Also, no specific information is given
to the travelers related to tourism.

Economically, tourism spawns across all the people in the nation. The last
few decades saw the developing countries layer focus in their tourism department.
Developing nation's now need a safe and secure tourism for sustainable
development. The major areas of focus includes providing job opportunity,
reduction in poverty, investment in deprived so that they can create their own ways,
life style development and access to the property. Also, on-economic effects are
created by the tourism sector as education, training, ability to construct, self-
confidence and self-importance, health progression and also enhancing the socio
economic status.

Tourism connects people to various sites, along with creating a healthy

public relation amidst people, civilization, cultures, beliefs, existence, morale and
point of wealth. Tourism can be regarded as helpful intensity that promotes
harmony, induce superiority in the customs, and not allow moving to the city

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 Introduction

through generation of employment. A single community is capable of driving

additional benefits and learns from the culture and tradition of another community.
Tourism accounts for taking care of the surrounding and the ecosystem thereby
having a positive impact on the same. Also, tourism lays focus on the prices of
ecology and boost funds for the environment zones. Sustainable tourism requires
natural sites and so major focus is given for creation of these spots by the
government. A better ecosystem leads to a better lifestyle

Major focus is given to the influence of tourism in all South Asian nation's
with GDP as USD162.4 billon. This is around 6.8% as in 2014 and would rise to
6.9% by 2015. The total number of employment created by the travel and tourism
sector is 26,211,000 which is 4.7% of the total and would rise by 1.9% in 2015.

1.1.3 The Tourism Product

Products that can meet the criteria of relaxing the tourists, giving them
pleasure or fulfilling the trade requirements of the place besides own simple place of
the living pattern are called as Tourism Products. These can include an object, a
place, a person, a special event or occasion, or something that can quench the needs
of a person. The customer should be given a natural incentive with this product. As a
result, one product can have a few demand-meeting limits; it can be traded for
something (monetary) in return as per the business aspects, to provide a shared
fulfilment concerning the providers as well as the receivers.

The products must be given. 2. It should meet the requirements of the buyer.
3. The product muddy has some cost for being traded. Anything with importance in
association with a place can be considered, for example, a marble status from
Jabalpur or some artistic piece of cloth from Rajasthan or be similar to an area of
Mumbai or the beaches of Goa. This product can have a connection or be an
organization such as the World Wildlife Federation (WWF) or FOREX outlet of a
movement office. Besides, an exclusive and unique person can be a part, for
example, a handicraft artist or snake charmer, a tour guide or an imaginary or comic
character (Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse). A special occasion can be considered as
well, something like the Elephant Festival of Jaipur, the Kite Festival at Ahmedabad

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or Snake Boat Race of Kerala that has some essence of the travel industry. These, in
turn, include functional aspects and some fun activities like trekking, hiking,
paraglider or scuba diving etc.

1.1.4 Recent Trends in Tourism in India

India Tourism generated around 6.3% of the nation's GDP in 2015 while
supporting 37.315 million Indian jobs that sum up to 8.7% of the Indian
employment. As seen from 2016, the Indian tourism future seems to be prosperous
and bright owing to the varied range of nation's aspect. Within several enticing
tourist spots, varied culture, diverse topography, and heritage sites, India stands as a
lucrative option to be visited by tourists. The nation's tourism industry underwent
series of changes with time. Few of the trends persisting in the industry are:

Establishments such as hostels for the travellers, several options as low

budget popped up in the nation recently. Several in-budget hotels, breakfast and bed
and other options present for the travellersto cater for themselves that has been
financially constrained. The expenses and other taxes are moving around the nation
is seen to be lesser than the foreign destinations and so it is an excellent choice for
all the budget restrictive tourists around the world.

A fast growing and bureaucratic nation such as India depends a lot on

government policies. The Indian Visa on arrival as applied to the tourists from
around 40 countries, started back in 2014, and this led to the rise in total number of
visitors of foreign nations. The policy was expected to cross 100 nationalities in
recent years.

There was a current uplift in the total boutique across the nation and they
seem to offer plenty of options for tourist‘s accommodation. Such hotels give the
comfort while allowing the tourists to be part of the surrounding and hence promote
tourism.

Both the Domestic and the international tourists express constant interest to
explore lesser known and newer destinations across the country. With higher

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 Introduction

internet access and improved connectivity, more and more destinations pop up to
light and catch the travellerseye.

Travel tradeshows such as SATTE are seen to be an important factor that

promotes Indian tourism and offers a portal for all the stakeholders of the nation to
outcast their products and services. It further offers a fused place for them to hold
discussion on different trends, policies and set up ways for growth. In case you hail
from the tourism sector, then planning a visit to the SATTE travel tradeshow would
be pretty beneficial.

The Indian travel future along with the tourism industry apparently looks
bright given the onset of latest trends.

India's tradition and the rich cultural heritage is directly related to the
development of tourism in India. The huge monuments attract plethora of tourist
from across the globe. The ambient surrounding, waterfall, music, masterpiece,
fance, artforms and language have a positive impact on the tourist.

The ancient India do not pose any restrictions on traveling owing to the time
of Chandragupta maurya and during that era, the famous travellersnamely Fa Hein
between A.D. 401 and 410 and he did not even had a passport. But with the advent
of 3rd BC, a mudra or passport was made mandatory as per the Kautilya‟s
Arthashastra. In the era of Vedics, the tourist stayed at dhams and the holy places.

After Vasco de gama introduced a new route to reach India, the nation saw a
rise in the number of tourist. As Alexander the Great stepped in India, he saw well
decked roads, tress and houses. With the 1920 km long royal highway and a width of
19 meters, men used Chariots, donkeys, horses, Bullock carts, and camels for
travelling.

Indian tourism sector was structured during the rule of the Britishers. Dak
bungalow was built to aid convenience to the Dak travellers at the side of the roads.
Indian cuisines are wonderful and as sleek as the culture. The main dictum of Indian
Hospitality is here three words, Athithi Devo Bhava symbolizing guest is God.

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India is bunch of paintings, art, crafts and pot creativity that was the part of the
Indus Valley Civilization during the 3rd century BC. The history of the Ajanta and
the alora caves date back to the 1st and the 5th century A.D. An archaeological
survey was setup by the Britishers during the 19th century to draft down the
available wealth of the nation. The image of tradition and culture of the nation is an
important part of the country heritage.

India is blessed with rich cultural heritage and is a land of geographical

diversity. A paradise for the entire potential tourist offer an array of attraction as
beaches, scenery, hill stations, forts, fair, monuments, art, culture, craft, forestry,
wildlife, and plethora of religious spots. One of the world's richest heritages with a
total on flora species as 65k and mammals 350. (7.6 % of the total in the world), 408
- reptiles (6.2 %), amphibians 197 (4.4 %), birds 1244 (12.6 %), fishes 2546 (11.7
%) and also a total of 15000 flora species (6 %) is seen to attract tourists leading to
the tourism development. Indian Rivers, streams and forests are promoting rich
wildlife. India has 80 national parks and also 441 sanctuaries. Asia‘s largest
sanctuaries are the Kanha National Park in Madhya Pradesh, the Jim Corbett
National Park in UP, the Gir in Gujarat, Ranthambor in Rajasthan and the Kaziranga
in Assam.

India has temple trails as the Gurudwara of Amritsar, Mathura, Tirupati

Balaji, Badrinath, Ayodhya, Haridwara and the Rishikesh. Another attraction being
the hill stations as Shillong, Manali, Kullu, Simla, and Massoorie along with
Darjeeling, Ooty, Munnar, Kodaicanal, Mahabaleshwar, Amboli, Matheran, and
Chikaldara. All of the above are extensively popular and is seen to attract plethora of
tourist from across the globe.

The Indian tourist organization began in year 1945. The appointed committee
had Sir John Sargent as the Chairman, along with the Educational Advisor, and also
the Government of India. An interim report was submitted by the Sargent
Committee in October 1946. However, the amendments were applied post-
independence According to the Sargent Committee report, a committee for the
tourist traffic appointed in 1948. After a recommendation for the presence of a

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Tourist Traffic, the same was setup in the year 1949 and Kolkata and Chennai has
the regional offices. Addition of four branches with specific functionality of each as:
 Tourist Traffic
 Tourist Advertisement
 Distribution Section
 Tourist Administration

A distinct tourism department was set on 1st March, 1958, replacing the
branch of Tourist Traffic under the Transport and Communication Ministry that give
services as food, accommodation, and hospitality, etc.

India is a nation that has diversified culture and variety. The mystique
culture, exotic heritage, the aesthetic ambiance and the impeccable natural resources
are seen attracting plethora of tourist from across the globe. Now, one of the most
important industries in India is the tourism and also a major source for employment
and earning from foreign exchange. India has emerged to be both an inbound and
outbound source of tourism worldwide.

The cultural elements that attracts tourist to visit a particular place largely
depends on
1) Pleasurable Climate
2) Scenic views
3) Historical and the attraction
4) Accessibility
5) Shopping
6) Adventure
7) Cuisines
8) Accommodation
9) Relaxation and recreation
10) Healthcare projects.

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 Introduction

Hence it is true that the main idea if tourism spawns across four A as

(a) Attraction

(b) Accessibility

(c) Amenities, and

(d) Ancillary services.

1.1.5 Indian Tourism Important Highlights

In 2010, the number of arrival of Foreign Tourist in India rose to 5.78
million which in 2009 was 5.17 million. The FTA growth was 11.8 per cent from
2009 to 2010 which on comparison with the rate of FTA in 2009 over 2008 was
more. As projected by UNWTO, the growth rate should have tisen by 5-6% but it
increased by 11.8 per cent. The Indian share as the number of arrival of international
tourist was 0.61% in 2009, and is a 0.02% improvement over the 2009. Also, the
rank of India mover to 40 in 2010 as compared to 41 as of 2009. A 2.83% growth of
the total arrival of tourist in tje region of Asia Pacific as in 2010 and a rank 11.
 A major role played by tourism in the earner of the nation's foreign
exchange. 64889 crore was the total earning from foreign exchange in 2010,
as compared to 2009‘s` 54960 etching an 18.1% growth.
 Indian domestic visit in 2010 was 740.21 million which was 668.80 million
in 2009, a growth of 18.8%.

1.2 Chapterization
This study has been organized in the following manner:

Chapter One: Introduction

The Chapter introduces the fundamental issues pertaining to the study. It
gives a background to the study and articulates the main problem addressed by the
study.

The Chapter presents a concise form of what the study entailed and sets the
tone for ensuing chapters.

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 Introduction

Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature

This part of the thesis provides an essential theoretical platform for the study.
Key concepts are presented and discussed in the context of this study. Literature
from various sources such as books, reports, newspapers and periodicals, is
reviewed. Related studies carried out by other researchers are also presented in an
attempt to identify gaps and therefore, justify the present study.

Chapter Three: Research Methodology and Design

This Chapter presents, discusses and justifies methods adopted in the
collection of data. Beginning with a declaration of the research paradigm adopted,
the Chapter chronologically details the processes involved in generating vital
information for the study.

Chapter Four: Data Presentation, Analysis, Discussion and Interpretation

Presented in two broad sections, this Chapter is dedicated to reporting on
data generated from the data collection process. The first section presents the data
obtained from the survey, whilst the second section is dedicated to analyzing,
discussing and interpreting the data presented in Section I.

Chapter Five: Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

This Chapter winds up the thesis and synthesizes the entire study into a
concise presentation. The findings, as presented in Chapter four, are summarized
and conclusions are presented, based on these findings. Finally, recommendations
drawn from the study are presented.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

 To Invest and evaluate the part that Airlines play in tourism promotion of our
country.
 To recognize the role and accountabilities of Airlines in tourism promotion
and pleasure of tourists.
 To recognize the efficient airlines operations were useful for the tourism
sector.

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 Introduction

 To Study the satisfaction level of airline tourists considering overall service

sectors.
 To give the recommendations to investors engaged for enhancement of
airline facilities offered to tourists at Indian Airports, especially New Delhi.

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