Manufacturing Technology
Lecture 1: Introduction to Manufacturing Processes
Deepak Rajendra Unune
• What are different Products around us?\
• How they Manufactured?
• What are the Stages of Product design
development ?
Definition
• What is Manufacturing?
– derived from the Latin word manufactus
– manus = hand, factus = made
– Practical definition: Process of converting or
processing raw materials into usable products.
Contd…
• Manufacturing is the application of physical and
chemical processes to alter the geometry,
properties, and appearance of a starting material to
make parts or products for a given application
Purpose of Manufacturing
• Manufacturing is the transformation of
materials into items of greater value by means
of one or more processing and/or assembly
operations
Processing Operations
• Three categories of processing operations:
1. Shaping operations - alter the geometry of the
starting work material
2. Property-enhancing operations - improve physical
properties of the material without changing its
shape
3. Surface processing operations - clean, treat, coat, or
deposit material onto the exterior surface of the
work
1. Shaping – Four Main Categories
i. Solidification Processes - starting material is a heated
liquid that solidifies to form part geometry
ii. Deformation Processes - starting material is a ductile
solid that is deformed
iii. Material Removal Processes - starting material is a
ductile/brittle solid, from which material is removed
iv. Assembly Processes - two or more separate parts are
joined to form a new entity
i. Solidification Processes
• Starting material is heated sufficiently to
transform it into a liquid or highly plastic state
• Examples: casting for metals, molding for
plastics
i. Solidification Processes..contd
Casting Process
• Mold: Contains a cavity which determines the shape of component
• Mold made by : sand, plaster, ceramic, & metals etc
• Mold- Open mold & Closed mold
• Expendable mold: mold is destroyed after single use
• Permenent mold: mold can be used multiple times
ii. Deformation Processes
• Starting work-part is shaped by application of
forces that exceed the yield strength of the
material
• Examples: (a) forging, (b) extrusion, (c) Rolling
iii. Material Removal Processes
• Excess material removed from the starting workpiece
so what remains is the desired geometry
• Examples: machining such as turning (treading),
drilling, and milling; also grinding and nontraditional
processes
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKeBpqQSWug
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NVe8Xi0pr2M
iv. Assembly Operations
• Two or more separate parts are joined to form a
new entity
• Types of assembly operations:
1. Joining processes – create a permanent joint.
• Examples: welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive
bonding
2. Mechanical assembly – fastening by mechanical
methods
• Examples: use of screws, bolts, nuts, other threaded
fasteners; press fitting, expansion fits
2. Property-Enhancing Processes
• Performed to improve mechanical or physical
properties of the work material
• Part shape is not altered, except
unintentionally
• Examples:
– Heat treatment of metals and glasses
– Sintering of powdered metals and ceramics
Example of Sintering
Examples of Heat Treatments
3. Surface Processing
1. Cleaning - chemical and mechanical processes to
remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from the
surface
2. Surface treatments - mechanical working such as
sand blasting, and physical processes like diffusion
3. Coating and thin film deposition - coating exterior
surface of the workpart
• Several surface processing operations used to
fabricate integrated circuits
Developing a Manufacturing Process
1. Understand Function/Geometry
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
Material: structure, composition.
3. Material Identify required Processing
• Processing: changes structure and overall shape
• Material and Geometry compatibility
• Other considerations
How do we characterize processes?
• Quality
– Dimensional – bulk and surface
– Properties – bulk and surface
• Economics
– Cycle time
– Materials utilization
• Flexibility
– Tooling development
– Setup time
– Cycle time
Type of Production Systems
Materials in Manufacturing
• Most engineering materials can be classified
into one of four basic categories:
1. Metals
2. Ceramics
3. Polymers
4. Composites
Selection of Manufacturing Process:
• Type and nature of Starting Material
• Volume of Production
• Expected Quality and Properties of
Components
• Technical Viability of the process
• Economy
Questions & Discussion
THANK YOU
