AP PRECALCULUS Test Booklet

Periodic Phenomena Quiz

1.

New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Third Quarter

May May May May

June June June June

July July July July

When seen from Earth, the percent of the Moon illuminated by the Sun varies. At the full moon phase, of the
Moon is illuminated, while at the new moon phase of the Moon is illuminated. The graph gives the percent of
the Moon illuminated at time , in days, since an initial day, along with two labeled points and . The table gives
the dates of the four consecutive, periodic moon phases for three months of a certain year. Approximately how
many days occur between points and ? (Note: Assume that a year has days and consists of months.)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Periodic Phenomena Quiz

2. A certain type of machine produces a number of amps of electricity that follows a cyclic, periodically increasing
and decreasing pattern. The machine produces a maximum of amps at certain times and a minimum of amps at
other times. It takes about minutes for one cycle from amps to the next amps to occur. Which of the following
graphs models amps as a function of time, in minutes, for this machine?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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Periodic Phenomena Quiz

3.

The graph of the function is given in the -plane. Which of the following functions has the same period as ?

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Periodic Phenomena Quiz

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

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Periodic Phenomena Quiz

4. A metronome is a practice tool that produces a steady beat to help musicians play rhythms accurately. Some
metronomes use a pendulum that repeatedly swings left and right to produce the steady beat. Which of the following
is true about the beat produced by the metronome and the motion of the pendulum?
Both the beat produced by the metronome and the motion of the pendulum have periodic relationships with
(A)
time.
(B) Only the beat produced by the metronome has a periodic relationship with time.
(C) Only the motion of the pendulum has a periodic relationship with time.
Neither the beat produced by the metronome nor the motion of the pendulum have periodic relationships with
(D)
time.

5.

The graph gives one cycle of a periodic function in the -plane. Which of the following describes the behavior
of on the interval ?
(A) The function is decreasing.
(B) The function is increasing.
(C) The function is decreasing, then increasing.
(D) The function is increasing, then decreasing.

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Periodic Phenomena Quiz

6.

A graph of the depth of water at a pier in the ocean is given, along with five labeled points , , , , and in
the -plane. For the time periods near these data points, a periodic relationship between depth of water, in feet,
and time, in hours, can be modeled using one cycle of the periodic relationship. Based on the graph, which of the
following is true?
(A) The time interval between points and gives the period.
(B) The time interval between points and gives the period.
(C) The time interval between points and gives the period.
(D) The time interval between points and gives the period.

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Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Quiz

1.

The figure gives four points and some corresponding rays in the -plane. Which of the following is true?
(A) Angle is in standard position with initial ray and terminal ray .
(B) Angle is in standard position with initial ray and terminal ray .
(C) Angle is in standard position with initial ray and terminal ray .
(D) Angle is in standard position with initial ray and terminal ray .

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Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Quiz

2.

The figure gives an angle in standard position with measure and a circle with radius in the -plane.
What is the length of the minor arc of the circle from point to point , the arc subtended by the angle?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Quiz

3.

The figure gives a circle of radius in the -plane with center at the origin, an angle in standard position, and
three labeled points. Which of the following is the value of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

4. In the -plane, angle is an angle in standard position with terminal ray , which intersects the unit circle
at the point with coordinates . Which of the following descriptions is correct?
(A) The tangent of angle is , and the slope of ray is .
(B) The tangent of angle is , and the slope of ray is .
(C) The tangent of angle is , and the slope of ray is .
(D) The tangent of angle is , and the slope of ray is .

5. An angle is in standard position in the -plane. Which of the following is true about on the interval
if ?
(A) There is a value of on for which in Quadrant I only.
(B) There are values of on for which in Quadrants I and III only.
(C) There are values of on for which in all four Quadrants.
(D) There is no value of on for which .

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Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Quiz

6.

The figure shows a unit circle in the -plane, an angle in standard position, and three labeled points. Which of
the following is the value of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sine and Cosine Function Values Quiz

1.

The figure shows a circle of radius along with four labeled points in the -plane. The measure of angle is
equal to the measure of angle . What are the coordinates of point ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

2. In the -plane, an angle in standard position measures radians. A circle centered at the origin has radius .
What are the coordinates of the point of intersection of the terminal ray of the angle and the circle?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

3. Angles and are in standard position in the -plane. The measure of angle is radians, and the measure
of angle is radians. The terminal rays of both angles intersect a circle centered at the origin with radius .
What is the distance between these two points of intersection: the circle and terminal ray of angle , and the circle
and terminal ray of angle ?

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Sine and Cosine Function Values Quiz

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

4. In the -plane, the terminal ray of angle in standard position intersects a circle of radius at the point
. What are the values of and ?

(A) and
(B) and
(C) and
(D) and

5.

The figure shows equilateral triangle with sides of length in the -plane. Segment is perpendicular
to the -axis. The terminal ray of an angle (not shown) in standard position passes through the point . What is
the value of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sine and Cosine Function Values Quiz

6.

The figure shows a spinner with eight congruent sectors in the -plane. The origin and three points are labeled. If
the coordinates of are , what is the measure of angle ?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sine and Cosine Function Graphs Quiz

1.

The figure shows the terminal ray of angle , in standard position, intersecting the unit circle at point in the
-plane. The function is given by . For the angle (not shown), . Which of the following
is true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) Depending on the value of , sometimes and sometimes .

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Sine and Cosine Function Graphs Quiz

2.

The figure shows the terminal ray of angle , in standard position, intersecting the unit circle at point in the
-plane. The function is given by . For the angle (not shown), . Which of the
following is true?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) Depending on the value of , sometimes and sometimes .

3. The function is given by . Which of the following describes on the interval from to
?
(A) is decreasing, and the graph of is concave down.
(B) is decreasing, and the graph of is concave up.
(C) is increasing, and the graph of is concave down.
(D) is increasing, and the graph of is concave up.

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Sine and Cosine Function Graphs Quiz

4.

The figure shows the graph of the function in the -plane. The function is either a sine function or a cosine
function. Consider an angle in standard position in another -plane (not shown). The terminal ray of the angle
intersects the unit circle at point . Which of the following is true about the relationship between and ?
(A) gives the vertical distance of from the -axis for angle measures from to .
(B) gives the horizontal distance of from the -axis for angle measures from to .
(C) gives the vertical displacement of from the -axis for angle measures from to .
(D) gives the horizontal displacement of from the -axis for angle measures from to .

5. The function is given by , and the function is given by . Which of the following
describes and on the interval from to ?
(A) Both and are decreasing.
(B) Both and are increasing.
(C) is decreasing, and is increasing.
(D) is increasing, and is decreasing.

6. The function is given by . Which of the following describes on the interval from to
?
(A) is decreasing, and the graph of is concave down.
(B) is decreasing, and the graph of is concave up.
(C) is increasing, and the graph of is concave down.
(D) is increasing, and the graph of is concave up.

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Sinusoidal Functions Quiz

1. The daily high temperatures of a certain city over a period of time are modeled with a sinusoidal function in the
-plane. The maximum daily high temperature is , and the minimum daily high temperature is . Based on
these temperatures, which of the following is the best value for the amplitude of the sinusoidal function?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

2. The functions and are given by and . In the -plane, for how much of the
interval are the graphs of and both concave up?
(A) units of
(B) units of
(C) units of
(D) units of

3.

The figure shows the graph of a periodic function in the -plane. What is the frequency of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sinusoidal Functions Quiz

4. The number of hours of daylight per day in a certain town can be modeled by a sinusoidal function that is graphed
in the -plane. Over the course of a year, the greatest number of hours of daylight per day is hours, and the
least number of hours of daylight per day is hours. The line , where is a constant, is the midline of the
graph of the sinusoidal function. Which of the following is the best value for ? (Note: Assume that year is
days.)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

5. Which of the following describes the relationship between the graphs of and in the
-plane?
(A) The graph of is a horizontal translation of the graph of .
(B) The graph of is a vertical translation of the graph of .
(C) The graph of is a horizontal dilation of the graph of .
(D) The graph of is a vertical dilation of the graph of .

6. The function is given by , where is a constant. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) If , then is an even function.
(B) If , then is an even function.
(C) If , then is an even function.
(D) There is no value of for which is an even function.

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Sinusoidal Function Transformations Quiz

1. In the tidal area of a certain city, a sinusoidal function , where , , , and are
constants, is used to model one cycle of high and low tides. The maximum value of the tide is feet, and the
minimum value of the tide is feet in that cycle. If the values of , , and have already been determined to fit
the data, which of the following would best define ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

2. Which of the following is the graph of in the -plane?

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Sinusoidal Function Transformations Quiz

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

3. The function is given by . In the -plane, the graph of the function is the image of the graph of
after a translation of units to the left. Which of the following could define ?

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Sinusoidal Function Transformations Quiz

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

4.

Month

Temperature

(degrees
Celsius)

The table gives the maximum temperature, in degrees Celsius, on the first day of each of nine months in a certain city. The
function given by , where , , , and are constants, is used to model these data with
representing the number of the month. Assume that the period of is months. Based on the data in the table, which of
the following is the best value for ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

5.

The table gives ordered pairs for five points from a larger data set. The larger data set can be modeled by a
sinusoidal function with a period of . The maximum values of the data set occur at -values that are multiples
of . Which of the following best defines for the larger data set?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sinusoidal Function Transformations Quiz

6.

A portion of the graph of a sinusoidal function in the -plane is given for . Which of the following
could define ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sinusoidal Function Context and Data Modeling Quiz

1. The sinusoidal function has a period of and a minimum value at . Which of the following
statements with reason is true?
The first maximum value for occurs at , because the smallest interval of input values
(A)
between the maximum and minimum output values is .
The first maximum value for occurs at , because the smallest interval of input values
(B)
between the maximum and minimum output values is of the period of the sinusoidal function.
The first maximum value for occurs at , because the smallest interval of input values
(C)
between the maximum and minimum output values is .
The first maximum value for occurs at , because the smallest interval of input values
(D)
between the maximum and minimum output values is the period of the sinusoidal function.

2. The function is given by . The sinusoidal function is a phase shift of the function by
units. Which of the following is true?
Consecutive minima of occur at and because consecutive minima of
(A)
occur at and , and is the image of with a horizontal shift of units left.
Consecutive minima of occur at and because consecutive minima of
(B)
occur at and , and is the image of with a horizontal shift of units right.
Consecutive minima of occur at and because consecutive minima of
(C)
occur at and , and is the image of with a horizontal shift of units left.
Consecutive minima of occur at and because consecutive minima of
(D)
occur at and , and is the image of with a horizontal shift of units right.

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Sinusoidal Function Context and Data Modeling Quiz

3.

Time Temperature

(hours past midnight) ( )

The table gives temperatures, in degrees Fahrenheit, in a certain town on a given day. The sinusoidal function
models the data, where is the temperature, in , at time , in hours past
midnight, and is a constant. Which of the following is true about the value of ?
The value of is because this accounts for a phase shift of that aligns a
(A)
minimum value of the data set with a minimum value of .
The value of is because this accounts for a vertical shift of that aligns a
(B)
minimum value of the data set with a minimum value of .
The value of is because this accounts for a phase shift of that aligns a
(C)
maximum value of the data set with a maximum value of .
The value of is because this accounts for a vertical shift of that aligns a
(D)
maximum value of the data set with a maximum value of .

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Sinusoidal Function Context and Data Modeling Quiz

4.

Time Displacement of Tip from Cloth Plate

(seconds) (centimeters)

The vertical motion of the tip of a needle on a sewing machine is periodic with respect to time and can be modeled
by a sinusoidal function. The figure shows the location of the tip of the needle in relation to a cloth plate. The tip of
the needle moves straight up and down above and below the cloth plate. The table gives a consecutive maximum
and minimum displacement of the tip at two times. The function models the displacement, in centimeters, of the
tip of the needle from the cloth plate at time , in seconds. Which of the following expressions could define ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Sinusoidal Function Context and Data Modeling Quiz

5.

Time Temperature

(hours past midnight) ( )

The table gives the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, in a certain town on a given day at selected times , in hours
past midnight. A sinusoidal regression model is calculated using all five data points,
where time is the input value and temperature is the output value. Based on the regression model, which of the
following is the best choice for the amplitude of the sinusoidal function?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

6. Part of a video game design involves the use of one period of a sinusoidal function as the path that a spaceship will
follow across a rectangular video screen. The video screen has a width of pixels and a height of pixels.
The values and represent the left and right sides of the screen, respectively. The values
and represent the bottom and top sides of the screen, respectively.

The path of the spaceship begins on the left side of the screen, , and completes one period of a sinusoidal
function by ending on the right side of the screen, . During its path, the spaceship reaches its minimum
height of before reaching its maximum height of . If models the path of the spaceship,
which of the following could define ?

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Sinusoidal Function Context and Data Modeling Quiz

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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The Tangent Function Quiz

1. The function is given by . What is the period of ?

2. The function is given by . Which of the following statements about the graph of in the
-plane is true?
(A) The vertical asymptotes of the graph of occur at input values , where is an integer.
(B) The vertical asymptotes of the graph of occur at input values , where is an integer.
(C) The vertical asymptotes of the graph of occur at input values , where is an integer.
(D) The vertical asymptotes of the graph of occur at input values , where is an integer.

3.

The graph of the function is given in the -plane. If is the result of multiplicative and additive transformations
of the graph of , what is the period of ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

4. In the -plane, an angle , in standard position, has a measure of . Which of the following is true?

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The Tangent Function Quiz

(A) The slope of the terminal ray of the angle is .

(B) The slope of the terminal ray of the angle is .

(C) The slope of the terminal ray of the angle is .

5.

The graph of the function is given in the -plane. If , where and are constants,
which of the following is true?
(A) and
(B) and
(C) and
(D) and

6. The function is given by , where and are constants. Which of the following statements is
true about the period of ?
(A) Both the value of and the value of have an impact on the period of .
(B) Only the value of has an impact on the period of .
(C) Only the value of has an impact on the period of .
(D) Neither the value of nor the value of has an impact on the period of .

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions Quiz

1. The function is given by for . What are the domain and range of the inverse
function of ?
(A) Domain: , Range:
(B) Domain: , Range:
(C) Domain: , Range:
(D) Domain: , Range:

2.

The figure gives the graphs of four functions labeled , , , and in the -plane. Which is the graph of
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions Quiz

3.

The figure gives the graphs of the functions and in the -plane. The function is given by .
Which of the following defines ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions Quiz

4.

The graph of the sinusoidal function is given in the -plane. What is the length of the largest interval of input
values of on which an inverse function of can be constructed?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) There is no interval larger than a single point on which is invertible.

5. The function is given by , where . Which of the following gives ?

(C) ,
(D) ,

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Inverse Trigonometric Functions Quiz

6.

The figure gives a right triangle, where is the length of the side opposite angle . If the function gives
values of as a function of , which of the following could define ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

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