Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Basics

Charles Zaiontz, 27 January 2022

Copyright © 2013 - 2022 Charles Zaiontz

Concise Table of Contents

Excel Environment
Real Statistics Environment
Probability Functions
Descriptive Statistics
Hypothesis Testing

Appendix

Mathematical Notation and Concepts

Excel Capabilities
Real Statistics Capabilities
Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Basics
Charles Zaiontz, 27 January 2022

Copyright © 2013 - 2022 Charles Zaiontz

Table of Contents

Excel Environment

Excel spreadsheets

Charts

Array formulas and functions

Sorting and Filtering

Lambda Functions

Goal Seek

Real Statistics Environment

Reformatting data

Sorting and removing duplicates by rows

Extracting columns from a data range

Indexed functions

Miscellaneous functions

Step chart

Lambda functions

Probability Functions

Basic probability concepts

Discrete probability distributions

Continuous probability distributions

Descriptive Statistics

Measures of central tendency

Measures of variability

Measures of shape
Ranking

Descriptive statistics tools

Frequency tables

Histogram

Box plots

Dot Plots

ROC

Outliers and Robustness

Dealing with missing data

Indices of Diversity

Hypothesis Testing

Statistical power

Familywise error

Appendix

Mathematical Notation and Concepts

Functions, polynomials, limits and graphs

Gamma function

Excel Capabilities

Built-in functions
Sorting and eliminating duplicates

Reformatting tools

Frequency table conversion

Table lookup

Sampling

Special charting capabilities

Real Statistics Capabilities

Colors

Interpolation

Coding of categorical variables

Frequency table conversion

Bitwise calculations

Text strings
Real Statistics Using Excel - Examples Workbook Basics
Charles Zaiontz, 27 January 2022

Copyright © 2013 - 2022 Charles Zaiontz

Table of Contents

Excel Environment

Excel spreadsheets
Sample Excel worksheet (Figure 1)

Charts
Bar Chart (Example 1)
Line Chart (Example 2)
Line Chart (Example 3)
Scatter Chart (Example 4)
Step Chart (Example 5)

Array formulas and functions

Array formula (Example 1)
Array function (Example 2)

Sorting and Filtering

Sorting (Example 1)
Remove Duplicates (Example 2)
Filter (Example 3)
Dynamic array functions

Lambda Functions
BYROW and BYCOL
REDUCE and SCAN
MAKEARRAY
MAP

Goal Seek
Square root example (Example 1)

Real Statistics Environment

Reformatting data
Sorting, removing duplicates, etc. (Example 1)
Sort and extract unique (Example 2)
MERGE, DELErr and SEQ (Example 3)
Sort using data analysis tool (Example 3)
Delete Row
More sorting and reformatting functions

Sorting and removing duplicates by rows

 Sort by rows (Example 1)
Sort rows removing duplicates (Example 2)

Extracting columns from a data range

Extract columns from data range (Example 1)
Select columns from data range (Example 2)

Indexed functions
Indexed value and Indexed count functions

Miscellaneous functions
Examples of miscellaneous Real Statistics functions

Step chart
Real Statistics data analysis tool

Lambda functions
MAKESARRAY, REDUCES, BYCOLS

Probability Functions

Basic probability concepts

Probability calculation (Example 6)

Discrete probability distributions

Frequency function (Example 1)
Frequency function (Example 2)
Frequency function using Real Statistics function (Example 3)
Frequency function using Real Statistics data analysis tool

Continuous probability distributions

Chi-square cumulative distribution

Descriptive Statistics

Measures of central tendency

Mean, median, etc. (Examples 1, 3-6)
Column means (Example 2)
Geometric Mean (extra example)

Measures of variability
Variance, standard deviation, etc. (Examples 1,2, 5-9)
Column variance and standard deviation (Examples 3)
Combining two or more samples (Example 4)

Measures of shape
Skewness and kurtosis (Examples 1, 2)
Chi-square distribution (Figure 1)
 Kurtosis and skewness (Figure 2)

Ranking
Various ranking and percentile functions (Examples 1-4, 6, 8, 10)
Real Statistics RANK_AVG vs. Excel RANK.AVG function (Figure 3)
RANKCOL function
Rank and Percentile data analysis tool (Example 5)
PERCENTRANK.INC vs. PERCENTRANK.EXC (Example 7)
PERCENTILE.INC vs. PERCENTILE.EXC (Example 9)
Harrell-Davis Quantile

Descriptive statistics tools

Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool (Example 1)
Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool (Example 2)
Real Statistics Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool (Example 3)

Frequency tables
Mean and variance based on frequency tables (Example 1)
Frequency function (Example 1)
Calculations from a frequency table with intervals (Example 2)
Excel FREQUENCY function (Example 3)
Real Statistics FREQTABLE function (Example 4)
Descriptive statistics for data in a frequency table (Example 5)
Real Statistics Frequency Table data analysis tool (Example 6)

Histogram
Histogram data analysis tool (Example 1)
Real Statistics Histogram data analysis tool
Real Statistics Histogram data analysis tool (Example 2)

Box plots
Box Plot (Example 1)
Box Plot (Example 1 using .EXC)
Box Plot with negative data
Box plot with outliers

Dot Plots
Dot Plot (manual)
Dot Plot (Real Statistics)

Classification Table (Example 1)

ROC Plot (Example 2)
Classification and ROC data analysis tool (Example 3)
Confidence interval for AUC

Outliers and Robustness

Trimmed and Winsorized data (Example 1)
Tukey's Biweight and Huber's estimator
 Lp estimate
Minkowski distance
Lp weighted median
Identifying outliers using parametric and non-parametric approaches
Using MAD to find outliers from symmetric data
Double MAD and outliers from skewed data
Identifying outliers using Harrell-Davis Median

Dealing with missing data

Remove missing data (Example 1)
Remove missing data via data analysis tool (Example 2)

Indices of Diversity
Shannon's Index (Example 1)
Brillouin's Index (Example 2)
Simpson's Index (Example 3)
Real Statistics data analysis tool

Hypothesis Testing

Statistical power
Power table (Figure 1)

Familywise error
Bonferroni and Dunn/Sidàk tests
Holm and Hochberg tests
Benjamini-Hochberg test
Benjamini-Yekutieli test
Real Statistics data analysis tool (Benjamini-Hochberg + Dunn/Sidàk)

Appendix

Mathematical Notation and Concepts

Functions, polynomials, limits and graphs

Graph of a function (Example 1)

Gamma function
Gamma function with negative values and incomplete gamma function

Excel Capabilities

Built-in functions
Unique counting (Figure 7)
SUMIF and COUNTIF (Figure 8)
Table lookup functions (esp. MATCH)
Two-dimensional table lookup
Sorting and eliminating duplicates
Sort and remove duplicates in standard Excel (Examples 1, 2, 3, 4)

Reformatting tools
Reformatting (Example 1)
Remove missing data (Example 2)

Frequency table conversion

Conversion from frequency table
Descriptive statistics for frequency table (Example 1)

Table lookup
Table Lookup (Example 1)
Table Lookup (Example 2)
Table Lookup (Example 3)
Table Lookup (Example 4)
XLOOKUP

Sampling
Sampling without replacement
Sampling with replacement

Special charting capabilities

Plot of sample means with std error intervals (Example 3)

Real Statistics Capabilities

Colors
Color list
Color functions

Interpolation
Interpolation examples

Coding of categorical variables

Coding of categorical variables (Example 1)

Frequency table conversion

Conversion to raw data using Real Statistics data analysis tool (Example 2)
Conversion to frequency table

Bitwise calculations
Bitwise calculations

Text strings
TEXT_JOIN and TEXT_REVERSE
Letter grade
Results of Marketing Campaign
(sales in millions of euros)

Brand A Brand B Brand C Marketing Campaign Results

London 23.5 12.3 15 35
Paris 13.8 8.1 5.5

Sales (millions of euros)

30
Rome 17.3 4.5 6.9 25
Madrid 14.8 6.8 2.7 20 Brand
Vienna 7.2 4.2 1.6 Brand
15
Berlin 29.5 21.4 11.6 Brand
10
Total 106.1 57.3 43.3 5
0
London Paris Rome Madrid Vienna Berlin
City
aign Results

Brand A
Brand B
Brand C

rid Vienna Berlin

Average Income by Age

Age Income
31 23500 Average Income by Age
32 24000
33 25000 45,000
40,000

Income ($000)
34 26700
35,000
35 27500
30,000
36 29200
25,000
37 33000 20,000
38 35100 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
39 37400 Age
40 39500
Average Income and Rent by Age

Age Income Rent

31 23500 6000 Average Income/Rent by Age
32 24000 6500 45,000
33 25000 7000 40,000
34 26700 4500 35,000

Amount ($000)
30,000
35 27500 6000
25,000 Income
36 29200 7500 20,000 Rent
37 33000 8000 15,000
38 35100 9000 10,000
39 37400 7000 5,000
0
40 39500 12000 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Age

Age
31
Income
23500
Rent
6000
Income
32 24000 6500 45000
33 25000 7000 40000
34 26700 4500 35000
35 27500 6000 30000
Income
36 29200 7500 25000
37 33000 8000 20000
38 35100 9000 15000
39 37400 7000 10000
40 39500 12000 5000
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 45000
ge 40000
35000
30000
25000
Income Income
20000 Rent
Rent
15000
10000
5000
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Income
Scatter Plot
Operating Performance by District
District Cost Revenue
E 50 74 180
SE
160 W
NE 78 95
140
NW 65 87
120

Revenue ($M)
SE 112 156 NE
100 NW
SW 32 54 E
80
W 101 142 SW
60
40
20
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Cost ($M)
ct
SE
W

100 110 120

Step Chart Duplicated Sorted Modified

Year Revenue Year Revenue #NAME? #NAME? Year Revenue

1 5 1 5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 7 2 7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
3 4 3 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4 8 4 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 10 5 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
6 14 6 14 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
3 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
6 14 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 14
 Revenue Growth
16
14
12
Revenues ($000)

10
8
6
4
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Year
Equipment Sales

Unit Price Quantity Revenue

Desks 500 40 20000
Lamps 80 30 2400
Chairs 150 130 19500
Pen Sets 60 70 4200
Transpose

Area Code Population Area Code 345 378 678 712 815
345 230000 Population 230000 340000 145000 235900 195000
378 340000
678 145000
712 235900
815 195000

Area Code 345 378 678 712 815

Population 230000 340000 145000 235900 195000

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Sort and Filter Sort by Income

Person Gender Age Income Person Gender Age Income

Mary F 35 45000 Jane F 45 30000
Bob M 40 40000 Jim M 55 35000
Jim M 55 35000 Alan M 40 35000
Betty F 25 80000 Steve M 30 35000
Alan M 40 35000 Bob M 40 40000
Debra F 40 45000 Mary F 35 45000
Dave M 60 60000 Debra F 40 45000
Steve M 30 35000 Dave M 60 60000
Jane F 45 30000 Betty F 25 80000

Filter

Person Gender Age Income Person Gender Age Income

Mary F 35 45000 Mary F 35 45000
Bob M 40 40000 Bob M 40 40000
Jim M 55 35000 Jim M 55 35000
Alan M 40 35000 Alan M 40 35000
Debra F 40 45000 Debra F 40 45000
Steve M 30 35000 Steve M 30 35000
Sort by Income/Person Remove Duplicates

Person Gender Age Income Income

Jane F 45 30000 45000
Alan M 40 35000 40000
Jim M 55 35000 35000
Steve M 30 35000 80000
Bob M 40 40000 60000
Debra F 40 45000 30000
Mary F 35 45000
Dave M 60 60000
Betty F 25 80000
Sort and Filter

Person Gender Age Income

Mary F 35 45000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Bob M 40 40000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Jim M 55 35000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Betty F 25 80000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Alan M 40 35000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Debra F 40 45000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Dave M 60 60000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME?
Steve M 30 35000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME?
Jane F 45 30000 #NAME? ### ### #NAME?
Err:501 ### ### Err:501 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME?
Err:501 ### ### Err:501 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME?
Err:501 ### ### Err:501 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME?
Err:501 ### ### Err:501 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME?
Err:501 ### ### Err:501 #NAME? ### ### #NAME? #NAME?
Err:501 ### ### Err:501 #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
### ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
 X Y Z
23 35 -12 35 ###
14 21 3 21 ###
21 12 0 21 ###
48 19 -4 48 ###

48 35 3

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

 3 1 6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
7 2 3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 4 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

6
2
4
2

60 #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME?
 4 3.141593 3 -2
1 0 7 2.718282

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME?
Name Gender Age Income
Tom M 32 65000
Rose F 22 50000
Adam M 45 80000
Brenda F 57 66000
Jane F 61 85000
Tom M 18 24000

32 #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
Goal Seek

x^2 10.99999 x^2 11.00002

x 3.316624 x -3.316627
Reformat data in a range

Input range Reshape Reverse Del NonNum Sort

3 5 8 ### ### ### ### ### ### ###

15 A ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
5 A 0 ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
12 B 8 ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### Reshape/Determ ###
### ###
### MDETERM ### ###
### ###
### COUNTU ### ###
### COUNTAU ### ###
### ###
 Sort and Extract Unique

Sort no dupes Input Range Sort Unique Extract Unique

### ### Russia Italy #NAME? #NAME?

### ### Germany France #NAME? #NAME?
### ### Italy Russia #NAME? #NAME?
### ### France Spain #NAME? #NAME?
### ### #NAME? #NAME?
### ### #NAME? #NAME?
### ###
### ###
### ###
### ###
### ###
### ###
Reformat data in a range

Input ranges ### ### ###

1 4 5 ### ### ### ### ### ###

3 6 7 ### ### ### ### ###
8 ### ### ### ### ### ###

### ###

### ### ### ###

### ### ###

### ###

### ### ### ###

### ### ###

### ###

### ### ### ###

### ### ###

###

### ###
### ###
### ###
 Input range ###

#NAME? 3 5 8 ### ###

15 -1 3 ### ###
#NAME? 5 2 0 ### ###
12 -4 8 ### ###
### ###
### ###
Delete Row

Color Quality Price Color Quality Price #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

7 5 65 7 5 65 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
3 7 38 3 7 38 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 8 51 5 8 51 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
8 1 38 8 1 38 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
9 3 55 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
5 4 43 5 4 43 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
4 0 25 4 0 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
2 6 33 2 6 33 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
8 7 71 8 7 71 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
6 4 51 6 4 51 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
9 2 49 9 2 49

#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME?
Sort Rows without duplicates

Male France Rich 45 #NAME? #NAME?

Female UK Poor 35
Male US Rich 15 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Male US Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Female UK Rich 25 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Male US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Female France Rich 10 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Female UK Rich 50 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Male France Poor 45 #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? ### ###
Female US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? ###
Female UK Rich 40
#NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?

=CountRowsUnique(A3:B14)

#NAME?
 Sort Rows #NAME?

#NAME? Male France Rich 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male US Rich 15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male US Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female UK Rich 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female France Rich 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female UK Rich 50 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Male France Poor 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? ### ### ### Female US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
 #NAME?

### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###

### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ###
Reformat

Name Gender Expense #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Name Code

George M 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? George 0
Andy M 15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Andy 1
Bill M 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Bill 0
Sal F 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Sal 1
Andy F 30 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Andy 0
Andy F 60 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Andy 0
Sal M 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Sal 1
Sal M 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Sal 1
Sal F 50 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Sal 0
Bill M 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Bill 1
Gail F 70 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Gail 1
George M 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? George 1

#NAME?
 #NAME? Name Code #NAME?
George 0
Andy 1
Bill 0
Sal 1
Andy 0
Andy 1
#NAME? Sal 1 #NAME?
Sal 2
Count #NAME? Sal 0
Bill 1
#NAME? Gail 2
George 2
Extract Columns from Data Range

State Poverty Infant Mort White Crime Doctors Traf Deaths University Unemploy
Alabama 15.7 9.0 71.0 448 218.2 1.81 22.0 5.0
Alaska 8.4 6.9 70.6 661 228.5 1.63 27.3 6.7
Arizona 14.7 6.4 86.5 483 209.7 1.69 25.1 5.5
Arkansas 17.3 8.5 80.8 529 203.4 1.96 18.8 5.1
California 13.3 5.0 76.6 523 268.7 1.21 29.6 7.2
Colorado 11.4 5.7 89.7 348 259.7 1.14 35.6 4.9
Connecticut 9.3 6.2 84.3 256 376.4 0.86 35.6 5.7
Delaware 10.0 8.3 74.3 689 250.9 1.23 27.5 4.8
Florida 13.2 7.3 79.8 723 247.9 1.56 25.8 6.2
Georgia 14.7 8.1 65.4 493 217.4 1.46 27.5 6.2
Hawaii 9.1 5.6 29.7 273 317.0 1.33 29.1 3.9
Idaho 12.6 6.8 94.6 239 168.8 1.60 24.0 4.9
Illinois 12.2 7.3 79.1 533 280.2 1.16 29.9 6.5
Indiana 13.1 8.0 88.0 334 216.9 1.26 22.9 5.9
Iowa 11.5 5.1 94.2 295 189.3 1.42 24.3 4.1
Kansas 11.3 7.1 88.7 453 222.5 1.38 29.6 4.4
Kentucky 17.3 7.5 89.9 295 232.3 1.80 19.7 6.4
Louisiana 17.3 9.9 64.8 730 262.7 2.17 20.3 4.6
Maine 12.3 6.3 96.4 118 278.4 1.22 25.4 5.4
Income State Poverty Infant MorDoctors Traf DeathIncome
42,666 Alabama 15.7 9 218.1734 1.81 42,666
68,460 Alaska 8.4 6.9 228.4503 1.63 68,460
50,958 Arizona 14.7 6.4 209.6666 1.69 50,958
38,815 Arkansas 17.3 8.5 203.4229 1.96 38,815
61,021 California 13.3 5 268.6906 1.21 61,021
56,993 Colorado 11.4 5.7 259.6861 1.14 56,993
68,595 Connecticu 9.3 6.2 376.3753 0.86 68,595
57,989 Delaware 10 8.3 250.9418 1.23 57,989
47,778 Florida 13.2 7.3 247.8636 1.56 47,778
50,861 Georgia 14.7 8.1 217.4457 1.46 50,861
67,214 Hawaii 9.1 5.6 316.9829 1.33 67,214
47,576 Idaho 12.6 6.8 168.8339 1.6 47,576
56,235 Illinois 12.2 7.3 280.1539 1.16 56,235
47,966 Indiana 13.1 8 216.9397 1.26 47,966
48,980 Iowa 11.5 5.1 189.2832 1.42 48,980
50,177 Kansas 11.3 7.1 222.5477 1.38 50,177
41,538 Kentucky 17.3 7.5 232.3485 1.8 41,538
43,733 Louisiana 17.3 9.9 262.6615 2.17 43,733
46,581 Maine 12.3 6.3 278.3948 1.22 46,581
Select Columns =SelectCols(A3:D14,"2,3,1") =SelectCols(A3:D14,"3,2,1,4",1)

Male France Rich 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male US Rich 15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male US Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Rich 25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female France Rich 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Rich 50 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Poor 35 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Male France Poor 45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female US Poor 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Female UK Rich 40 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
ls(A3:D14,"3,2,1,4",1)

#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
#NAME? ###
State City Code Amount ### ### ### ### ###
NY NYC A 100 ### ### ### ### ###
NY Albany A 50 ### ### ### ### ###
NY NYC B 60 ### ### ### ### ###
NY Albany C 50 ### ### ### ### ###
MA Boston A 80
MA Boston B 55 ### ### ### ### ###
MA Newton C 40 ### ### ### ### ###
MA Boston A 30 ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###

### ### ### ### ###

### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###

### ### ### ### ###

### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ###
#NAME?

#NAME?

#NAME?

#NAME?
Miscellaneous Real Statistics Functions

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?

51 #NAME?
Real Statistics Step Chart

Year Area A Area B Area C Step Chart

1 5 8 3
2 7 10 5 30
3 4 15 10 25
4 8 17 10 20
5 10 20 15

Revenue
6 14 25 20 15
10
5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Year
Step Chart

Area A
Area B
Area C

3 4 5 6 7
Year
Lambda

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 3

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 7
5
#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME?

#NAME?
 1 6
2 3
4 2

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME?

#NAME?
Probability calculation

n 12
p 0.166667
1-p 0.833333
(1-p)^n 0.112157
1-(1-p)^n 0.887843
Frequency/Distribution Functions

x f(x) F(x) Frequency Function f(x)

1 0.12 0.12 =B4
2 0.25 0.37 =B5+C4 0.30
3 0.08 0.45 =B6+C5 0.25
4 0.14 0.59 =B7+C6 0.20
5 0.09 0.68 =B8+C7 0.15
6 0.18 0.86 =B9+C8
0.10
7 0.09 0.95 =B10+C9
0.05
8 0.05 1.00 =B11+C10
0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(3) 0.08 =PROB(A4:A11,B4:B11,3)

P(x ≤ 5) 0.68 =PROB(A4:A11,B4:B11,,5)
P(3 ≤ x ≤ 5) 0.31 =PROB(A4:A11,B4:B11,3,5)
ency Function f(x) Distribution Function F(x)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency Function FREQTABLE function
nodupe
14 x freq f(x) #NAME? x freq f(x) Item
18 12 2 0.1667 #NAME? 12 2 0.1667 #NAME?
13 13 3 0.25 #NAME? 13 3 0.25 #NAME?
12 14 1 0.0833 #NAME? 14 1 0.0833 #NAME?
18 16 2 0.1667 #NAME? 16 2 0.1667 #NAME?
12 18 4 0.3333 #NAME? 18 4 0.3333 #NAME?
13 12 #NAME? 12
13 #NAME?
16 #NAME?
18 #NAME?
18 #NAME?
16 #NAME?
FREQTABLE function Frequency Table data analysis tool

freq prob Frequency Table

#NAME? #NAME?
Histogram
#NAME? #NAME? item freq prob 12
#NAME? #NAME? ### ### #NAME? 10
#NAME? #NAME? ### ### #NAME?
8
#NAME? #NAME? ### ### #NAME?

Frequency
### ### #NAME? 6
### ### #NAME? 4
### #NAME?
2
0
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Bin
 Histogram

NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Bin
Measures of Central Tendency

Data 1 Data 2 Data 3

5 5 5
2 2 2
-1 -1 -1
3 3 3 Data 4 Data 5 Data 6
7 7 7 50 1.05 5
5 5 8 80 1.05 2
0 0 0 1.1 -1
2 6 1.1 0

COUNT 7 8 8 HARMEAN 61.53846 1.074419 Err:502

AVERAGE 3 2.875 3.75 GEOMEAN 63.24555 1.074709 Err:502

MEDIAN 3 2.5 4

MODE.SNGL 5 5 #VALUE!

MODE.MULT 5 5 #VALUE!
5 2 #VALUE!

AVERAGE 3.4 3.217391

3.4 3.217391
 Data 1 Data 2 Data 3
5 5 5
2 2 2
-1 -1 -1
3 3 3
7 7 7
5 5 8
0 0 0
2 6

count #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

mean #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
sum #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Geometric Mean

If you earn 5% interest in year 1, 8% in year 2 and 10% interest in year 3, the average interest is given by the geometric mean

Interest - year 1 0.05

Interest - year 2 0.08
Interest - year 3 0.10

Return from year 1 1.05

Return from year 2 1.08
Return from year 3 1.10

Return after year 1 1.0500

Return after year 2 1.1340
Return after year 3 1.2474

Average annual return 1.0765

Average interest 0.0765
Total return 1.2474
0.0765

1.334025
0.074709263
0.074709263
% in year 2 and 10% interest in year 3, the average interest is given by the geometric mean

Int1
Int2
Int3

= 1 + Int1
= 1 + Int2
= 1 + Int3

= 1 + Int1
= (1 + Int1) * (1 + Int2)
= (1 + Int1) * (1 + Int2) * (1 + Int3)

= SQRT((1 + Int1) * (1 + Int2) * (1 + Int3)) = GEOMEAN(1 + Int1, 1+ Int2, 1 + Int3)

= 1 - Average annual return
= (1 + Average Interest) ^ 3 = Return after 3 years as calculated above
= GEOMEAN(1.05,1.08,1.1) - 1

= (1.05)(1.05)(1.1)(1.1)
= 1.334025 ^ 0.25 -1
= GEOMEAN(1.05,1.05,1.1,1.1) - 1
Weighted Median

S W cum S W cum S W cum S W cum

1 0.20 0.20 1 10.0 10.0 1 0.40 0.40 1 10.00 10.00
2 0.05 0.25 2 2.5 12.5 3 0.10 0.50 3 2.50 12.50
3 0.15 0.40 3 7.5 20.0 4 0.25 0.75 4 6.25 18.75
4 0.25 0.65 4 12.5 32.5 6 0.25 1.00 6 6.25 25.00
5 0.35 1.00 5 17.5 50.0 7 0.00 1.00 7 0.00 25.00
1.00 50.0 1.00 25.0

Weighted Mean

S W SW S W SW
1 0.20 0.20 1 10.0 10.0
2 0.05 0.10 2 2.5 5.0
4 0.15 0.60 4 7.5 30.0
6 0.25 1.50 6 12.5 75.0
8 0.35 2.80 8 17.5 140.0
1.00 5.20 50.0 5.2
Measures of Variability

5 5
2 2
-1 -1
3 3
4 4
5 5
0 0
2 2

AVERAGE 2.5 MEDIAN 2.5

count
VAR.S = VAR 4.857143 MAD #NAME? mean
VAR.P = VARP 4.25 variance
MIN -1 stdev
STDEV.S = STDEV 2.203893 MAX 5
STDEV.P = STDEVP 2.061553 RNG #NAME?

DEVSQ 34 INC EXC

Q1 1.5 0.5
AVEDEV 1.75 Q3 4.25 4.75
IQR #NAME? #NAME?
 Data 1 Data 2 Data 3
5 5 5
2 2 2
-1 -1 -1
3 3 3
7 7 7
5 5 8
0 0 0
2 6

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Combining multiple samples

n x̄ s2 x nx̄2 (n-1)s2 x2
Sample 1 23 12 100 276 3312 2200 5512
Sample 2 15 14 144 210 2940 2016 4956
Sample 3 20 15 256 300 4500 4864 9364
58 13.55172 161.0587 786 10752 9080 19832

13.55172 161.0587 786 10752 9080 19832

Skewness and Kurtosis

SKEW -0.427052 #NAME?

2 KURT -0.939792 #NAME?
5
-1 n 8 #NAME?
3
4 SKEWP -0.342403 #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
0 -0.342403 #NAME?
2
KURTP #NAME? #NAME?
-1.114187 #NAME?
Ranking Percentile
Data Rank Reverse
4 4 3 3 %-INC
0 0 4 2 0.00 -1
-1 -1 5 1 0.25 0
7 7 1 5 0.50 4
5 5 2 4 0.75 5
1.00 7
MIN -1 Data Rank Reverse
MAX 7 1 #NAME? #NAME? 0.45 3.2
k 5 #NAME? #NAME? 0.80 5.4
SMALL 1 -1 5 #NAME? #NAME?
2 0 0 #NAME? #NAME?
3 4 8 #NAME? #NAME? PercentRank
4 5
5 7 Data Rank Reverse INC
1 #NAME? #NAME? 5 0.75
LARGE k 5 #NAME? #NAME? 5.4 0.8
1 7 5 #NAME? #NAME? 0.85 0.30312
2 5 0 #NAME? #NAME?
3 4 8 #NAME? #NAME?
4 0 8 #NAME? #NAME?
5 -1 5 #NAME? #NAME?
 Quartile

%-EXC Q-INC Q-EXC

Err:502 0 -1 Err:502
-0.5 1 0 -0.5
4 2 4 4
6 3 5 6
Err:502 4 7 Err:502

2.8
6.6

PercentRank

EXC
0.66666
0.7
0.36875
Rank and Percentile Data analysis tool

Scores 54 67 34 54 94 55 32 45 87 64 39 60 Point
5
9
2
10
12
6
1
4
8
11
3
7
Data analysis tool PERCENTRANK.INC and PERCENTRANK.EXC PERCENTILE.INC

Scores Rank Percent Scores Rank %-INC %-EXC Percentile

94 1 100.00% 94 1 100.00% 92.30% 0%
87 2 90.90% 87 2 90.90% 84.60% 10%
67 3 81.80% 67 3 81.80% 76.90% 20%
64 4 72.70% 64 4 72.70% 69.20% 30%
60 5 63.60% 60 5 63.60% 61.50% 40%
55 6 54.50% 55 6 54.50% 53.80% 50%
54 7 36.30% 54 7 36.40% 38.50% 60%
54 7 36.30% 54 7 36.40% 38.50% 70%
45 9 27.20% 45 9 27.30% 30.80% 80%
39 10 18.10% 39 10 18.20% 23.10% 90%
34 11 9.00% 34 11 9.09% 15.40% 100%
32 12 0.00% 32 12 0.00% 7.69%
PERCENTILE.INC PERCENTILE.EXC

Score Percentile Score

32.0 0% Err:502
34.5 10% 32.60
40.2 20% 37.00
47.7 30% 44.40
54.0 40% 54.00
54.5 50% 54.50
58.0 60% 59.00
62.8 70% 64.30
66.4 80% 75.00
85.0 90% 91.90
94.0 100% Err:504
Real Statistics RANK_AVG function

S1 S2 S1 - S2 RANK.AVG RANK_AVG RANKCOL

34.1 21.7 12.4 1 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
36.7 31.2 5.5 5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
12.1 15.9 -3.8 10 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
15.8 11.3 4.5 8 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
22.9 17.4 5.5 6.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
40.0 30.4 9.6 2 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
22.9 20.5 2.4 9 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
19.5 10.2 9.3 3 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
28.8 20.0 8.8 4 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
30.6 25.1 5.5 6.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

12.4 #N/A #NAME?

RANKCOL
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
 5 percentile hd-quant
20 1 5.789474 #NAME?
20 2 20 #NAME?
21 3 20.15789 #NAME? Quantile Comparison
22 4 21.21053 #NAME? 2500
23 5 22.26316 #NAME?
23 6 23 #NAME? 2000
24 7 23.36842 #NAME?
25 8 24.42105 #NAME? 1500
25 9 25 #NAME?
300 10 169.7368 #NAME? 1000
310 11 305.7895 #NAME?
320 12 316.3158 #NAME? 500
320 13 320 #NAME?
340 14 334.7368 #NAME? 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
360 15 355.7895 #NAME?
360 16 360 #NAME? percentile hd-quant
2000 17 1827.368 #NAME?
2050 18 2047.368 #NAME?
on

12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool

Scores Scores Calculations using Excel functions

23
38 Mean 30.81818 Mean 30.81818
45 Standard Error 4.931933 Standard Error 4.931933
21 Median 23 Median 23
17 Mode 21 Mode 21
21 Standard Deviation 16.35737 Standard Deviation 16.35737
8 Sample Variance 267.5636 Sample Variance 267.5636
61 Kurtosis -0.54713 Kurtosis -0.547131
21 Skewness 0.625139 Skewness 0.625139
52 Range 53 Range 53
32 Minimum 8 Minimum 8
Maximum 61 Maximum 61
Sum 339 Sum 339
Count 11 Count 11
Geometric mean 26.75472
Harmonic mean 22.65373
AAD 13.43802
MAD 9
IQR 20.5
 Real Statistics Descriptive Statistics
Calculation of MAD
Scores
|xi - median(xi)| Mean 30.81818
0 Standard Error 4.931933
15 Median 23
22 Mode 21
2 Standard Deviation 16.35737
6 Sample Variance 267.5636
2 Kurtosis -0.547131
15 Skewness 0.625139
38 Range 53
2 Minimum 8
29 Maximum 61
9 Sum 339
Count 11
Geometric Mean 26.75472
Harmonic Mean 22.65373 INC EXC
AAD 13.43802 Q1 21 21
MAD #NAME? Q3 41.5 45
IQR #NAME? IQR #NAME? #NAME?
Descriptive Statistics

Two sample example using Descriptive Statistics data analysis tool

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2

19 12
41 27 Mean 30.46154 Mean 30.61538
29 18 Standard Error 4.673459 Standard Error 5.447345
18 23 Median 29 Median 27
8 72 Mode 29 Mode 27
29 27 Standard Deviation 16.8504 Standard Deviation 19.64068
11 27 Sample Variance 283.9359 Sample Variance 385.7564
59 53 Kurtosis -1.150731 Kurtosis 0.062841
41 3 Skewness 0.265601 Skewness 0.78698
48 45 Range 51 Range 69
53 53 Minimum 8 Minimum 3
29 13 Maximum 59 Maximum 72
11 25 Sum 396 Sum 398
Count 13 Count 13
Real Statistics - IQR using QUARTILE Real Statistics - IQR using QUARTILE.EXC

Descriptive Statistics Descriptive Statistics

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 1 Sample 2

Mean 30.46154 30.61538 Mean 30.46154 30.61538
Standard Error 4.673459 5.447345 Standard Error 4.673459 5.447345
Median 29 27 Median 29 27
Mode 29 27 Mode 29 27
Standard Deviation 16.8504 19.64068 Standard Deviation 16.8504 19.64068
Sample Variance 283.9359 385.7564 Sample Variance 283.9359 385.7564
Kurtosis -1.150731 0.062841 Kurtosis -1.150731 0.062841
Skewness 0.265601 0.78698 Skewness 0.265601 0.78698
Range 51 69 Range 51 69
Minimum 8 3 Maximum 59 72
Maximum 59 72 Minimum 8 3
Sum 396 398 Sum 396 398
Count 13 13 Count 13 13
Geometric Mean 25.60867 23.98142 Geometric Mean 25.60867 23.98142
Harmonic Mean 20.83719 15.90055 Harmonic Mean 20.83719 15.90055
AAD 13.79882 15.46746 AAD 13.79882 15.46746
MAD #NAME? #NAME? MAD #NAME? #NAME?
IQR #NAME? #NAME? IQR #NAME? #NAME?
Mean and Variance based on Frequency Tables

data x freq x f fx fx2

2 2 4 2 4 8 16
2 3 1 3 1 3 9
2 4 2 4 2 8 32
2 5 1 5 1 5 25
3 8 24 82
4 Frequency Function
4 Σfx n x̄
5 x f(x) 24 8 3 3
2 0.5
3 0.125 Σfx2 n x̄2 var
4 0.25 82 8 9 1.4286 1.428571
5 0.125
 mean 3
var 1.428571
SS 82

#NAME?

#NAME?
lower upper f midpt fx fx2
0 4 3 2 6 12
4 10 1 7 7 49
10 20 2 15 30 450
20 30 1 25 25 625
7 68 1136

Σfx n x̄
68 7 9.7143

Σfx2 n x̄2 var

1136 7 94.367 79.238
 Conversion from frequency table Real Statistics data analysis tool

Frequency Table Raw Data (with duplicates) Frequency Table

Score Freq Cum Score Row Count Score Freq

5.0 1 1 5.0 1 0 5.0 1
5.1 1 2 5.1 2 0 5.1 1
5.2 3 5 5.2 3 2 5.2 3
5.5 2 7 5.2 3 1 5.5 2
5.6 1 8 5.2 3 0 5.6 1
5.7 4 12 5.5 4 1 5.7 4
5.8 3 15 5.5 4 0 5.8 3
5.6 5 0
5.7 6 3
5.7 6 2
5.7 6 1
5.7 6 0
5.8 7 2
5.8 7 1
5.8 7 0

Alternative Version

Frequency Table

Score Freq Cum

5.0 1 1
5.1 1 2
5.2 3 5
5.5 2 7
5.6 1 8
5.7 4 12
5.8 3 #REF!

Raw Data (with duplicates)

Score Row Count

5.0 27 0
5.1 28 0
5.2 29 2
5.2 29 1
5.2 29 0
5.5 30 1
5.5 30 0
5.6 31 0
5.7 32 3
5.7 32 2
5.7 32 1
5.7 32 0
5.8 33 2
5.8 33 1
5.8 33 0
tistics data analysis tool

Descriptive Statistics

Mean 5.5
Standard Error 0.0730297
Median #NAME?
Mode 5.7
Standard Deviation 0.2828427
Sample Variance 0.08
Kurtosis -1.31044
Skewness -0.568211
Range 0.8
Maximum 5.8
Minimum 5.0
Sum 82.5
Count 15
Geometric Mean 5.4930869
Harmonic Mean 5.4860552
AAD 0.24
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?

Mean #NAME?
Median #NAME?
MAD #NAME?

Median #NAME?
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA
#NA

#NA
#NA
#NA

#NA
#NA
#NA
Real Statistics data analysis tool Real Statistics data analysis tool

Frequency Table Descriptive Statistics Raw Data KS Test

Score Freq Mean 5.5 #NAME? ks-stat #NAME?

5.0 1 Standard Error 0.0730297 #NAME? p-value #NAME?
5.1 1 Median #NAME? #NAME?
5.2 3 Mode 5.7 #NAME?
5.5 2 Standard Deviation 0.2828427 #NAME?
5.6 1 Sample Variance 0.08 #NAME?
5.7 4 Kurtosis -1.31044 #NAME?
5.8 3 Skewness -0.568211 #NAME?
Range 0.8 #NAME?
Maximum 5.8 #NAME?
Minimum 5.0 #NAME?
Sum 82.5 #NAME?
Count 15 #NAME?
Geometric Mean 5.4930869 #NAME?
Harmonic Mean 5.4860552 #NAME?
AAD 0.24
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?
s data analysis tool

#NAME?
#NAME?
Frequency Table

Scores Bins Count

34 20 20 6
45 34 40 10
23 29 60 2
22 12 80 3
7 72 over 80 1
34 23
9 10
66 14
29 23
67 24
44 90

Histogram data analysis tool

Bin Frequency
20 6 Histogram
40 10 15
60 2
Frequency

10
80 3 Frequency
5
More 1
0
20 40 60 80 More
Bin
Using FREQTABLE with bin size 15 Using Histogram and Normal Curve data analysis tool

item freq cum Frequency Table

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? Bin size 15 9
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 8
7
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? item freq cum
6
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 0

Frequency
5
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 15 5 5 4
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 30 8 13 3
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 45 5 18 2
60 0 18 1
0
75 3 21
15
90 1 22

Using FREQTABLE with bin size 15 Frequency Table

and max bin value 100
Bin size 15
item freq cum 9
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? item freq cum 8
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? -5 7
6
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 10 3 3

Frequency
5
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 25 8 11 4
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 40 5 16 3
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 55 2 18 2
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 70 2 20 1
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 85 1 21 0
10 25
100 1 22

Sm
Frequency

-100 -50
 Frequenc
-100
-50
urve data analysis tool

Histogram Frequency Table

9 Bin size 15
8
7
item freq
6
0
Frequency

5
4 15 5
3 30 8
2 45 5
1 60 0
0
75 3
15 30 45 60 75 90
90 1
Bin

Histogram
9
8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2
1
0
10 25 40 55 70 85 100
Bin

Smoothed Line Curve

9
8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2
1
0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150
Bin
 5

Frequenc
4
3
2
1
0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150
Bin
 freq table reformatted Statistics Normal curve overlay

#NAME? #NAME? mean 33.22727 x normal

#NAME? #NAME? std dev 22.43282 -56.50402 5.966E-06
cum #NAME? #NAME? -54.7094 8.189E-06
#NAME? #NAME? lower -56.50402 -52.91477 1.117E-05
5 #NAME? #NAME? incr 1.794626 -51.12015 1.514E-05
13 #NAME? #NAME? upper 122.9586 -49.32552 2.039E-05
18 #NAME? #NAME? adjust 330 -47.53089 2.728E-05
18 #NAME? #NAME? -45.73627 3.626E-05
21 #NAME? #NAME? -43.94164 4.791E-05
22 #NAME? #NAME? -42.14702 6.288E-05
#NAME? #NAME? -40.35239 8.201E-05
#NAME? #NAME? -38.55776 0.000106
#NAME? #NAME? -36.76314 0.000137
#NAME? #NAME? -34.96851 0.000175
#NAME? #NAME? -33.17389 0.000223
#NAME? #NAME? -31.37926 0.000281
#NAME? #NAME? -29.58464 0.000353
#NAME? #NAME? -27.79001 0.00044
#NAME? #NAME? -25.99538 0.000545
-24.20076 0.000671
-22.40613 0.000821
-20.61151 0.000998
-18.81688 0.001206
-17.02225 0.001447
-15.22763 0.001725
-13.433 0.002044
-11.63838 0.002407
-9.84375 0.002815
-8.049124 0.003272
-6.254498 0.003779
-4.459872 0.004337
-2.665246 0.004945
-0.87062 0.005602
0.924006 0.006306
2.718632 0.007053
4.513258 0.007839
6.307884 0.008656
8.10251 0.009498
9.897136 0.010355
11.69176 0.011218
13.48639 0.012074
15.28101 0.012914
17.07564 0.013723
18.87027 0.01449
20.66489 0.015203
22.45952 0.015849
24.25414 0.016417
26.04877 0.016896
27.84339 0.017279
29.63802 0.017558
31.43265 0.017727
33.22727 0.017784
35.0219 0.017727
36.81652 0.017558
38.61115 0.017279
40.40578 0.016896
42.2004 0.016417
43.99503 0.015849
45.78965 0.015203
47.58428 0.01449
49.37891 0.013723
51.17353 0.012914
52.96816 0.012074
54.76278 0.011218
56.55741 0.010355
58.35204 0.009498
60.14666 0.008656
61.94129 0.007839
63.73591 0.007053
65.53054 0.006306
67.32517 0.005602
69.11979 0.004945
70.91442 0.004337
72.70904 0.003779
74.50367 0.003272
76.2983 0.002815
78.09292 0.002407
79.88755 0.002044
81.68217 0.001725
83.4768 0.001447
85.27142 0.001206
87.06605 0.000998
88.86068 0.000821
90.6553 0.000671
92.44993 0.000545
94.24455 0.00044
96.03918 0.000353
97.83381 0.000281
99.62843 0.000223
101.4231 0.000175
103.2177 0.000137
105.0123 0.000106
106.8069 8.201E-05
108.6016 6.288E-05
110.3962 4.791E-05
112.1908 3.626E-05
113.9854 2.728E-05
115.7801 2.039E-05
117.5747 1.514E-05
119.3693 1.117E-05
121.1639 8.189E-06
122.9586 5.966E-06
urve overlay
Histogram
scaled
0.001969 9
0.002703 8
7
0.003686
6
0.004996
Frequency

5
0.006727 4
0.009001 3
0.011967 2
0.015809 1
0
0.020751
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.027063
0.035071 Bin
0.045159
0.057777
0.073448
0.092776
Histogram
0.116441 9
0.14521 8
7
0.179933
6
0.221536
Frequency

5
0.271018 4
0.329437 3
0.397893 2
0.47751 1
0.569401 0
-100 -50 0 50 100 150
0.674643
0.794239 Bin
0.92907
1.079857
1.24711
1.431079
1.631711
1.848601
2.080959
2.327579
2.586819
2.856591
3.134372
3.417225
3.701836
3.984568
4.261533
4.528673
4.781857
5.016984
5.230092
5.41747
5.575761
5.702068
5.794035
5.849925
5.868675
5.849925
5.794035
5.702068
5.575761
5.41747
5.230092
5.016984
4.781857
4.528673
4.261533
3.984568
3.701836
3.417225
3.134372
2.856591
2.586819
2.327579
2.080959
1.848601
1.631711
1.431079
1.24711
1.079857
0.92907
0.794239
0.674643
0.569401
0.47751
0.397893
0.329437
0.271018
0.221536
0.179933
0.14521
0.116441
0.092776
0.073448
0.057777
0.045159
0.035071
0.027063
0.020751
0.015809
0.011967
0.009001
0.006727
0.004996
0.003686
0.002703
0.001969
Frequency Table freq table reformatted Statistics

Bin size 15 #NAME? #NAME? mean 33.22727

#NAME? #NAME? std dev 22.43282
item freq cum #NAME? #NAME?
0 #NAME? #NAME? lower -56.50402
15 5 5 #NAME? #NAME? incr 1.794626
30 8 13 #NAME? #NAME? upper 122.9586
45 5 18 #NAME? #NAME? adjust 449.846
60 0 18 #NAME? #NAME?
75 3 21 #NAME? #NAME?
90 1 22 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Normal curve overlay Frequency Table Statistics

x normal scaled Bin size 15 mean 33.22727

-56.50402 5.966E-06 0.002684 std dev 22.43282
-54.7094 8.189E-06 0.003684 item freq cum
-52.91477 1.117E-05 0.005025 0 0 lower -56.50402
-51.12015 1.514E-05 0.00681 15 5 5 incr 1.794626
-49.32552 2.039E-05 0.009171 30 8 13 upper 122.9586
-47.53089 2.728E-05 0.01227 45 5 18 adjust 330
-45.73627 3.626E-05 0.016314 60 0 18
-43.94164 4.791E-05 0.02155 75 3 21
-42.14702 6.288E-05 0.028287 90 1 22
-40.35239 8.201E-05 0.036892 105 0
-38.55776 0.000106 0.047808
-36.76314 0.000137 0.061559
-34.96851 0.000175 0.078759
-33.17389 0.000223 0.100123
-31.37926 0.000281 0.126469
-29.58464 0.000353 0.158729
-27.79001 0.00044 0.197947
-25.99538 0.000545 0.245279
-24.20076 0.000671 0.301991
-22.40613 0.000821 0.369443
-20.61151 0.000998 0.449078
-18.81688 0.001206 0.542396
-17.02225 0.001447 0.650927
-15.22763 0.001725 0.77619
-13.433 0.002044 0.919653
-11.63838 0.002407 1.082682
-9.84375 0.002815 1.26648
-8.049124 0.003272 1.472029
-6.254498 0.003779 1.700023
-4.459872 0.004337 1.950804
-2.665246 0.004945 2.224298
-0.87062 0.005602 2.519956
0.924006 0.006306 2.8367
2.718632 0.007053 3.172886
4.513258 0.007839 3.526273
6.307884 0.008656 3.894018
8.10251 0.009498 4.272681
9.897136 0.010355 4.658258
11.69176 0.011218 5.046231
13.48639 0.012074 5.431642
15.28101 0.012914 5.809192
17.07564 0.013723 6.173349
18.87027 0.01449 6.518482
20.66489 0.015203 6.839
22.45952 0.015849 7.129503
24.25414 0.016417 7.384931
26.04877 0.016896 7.600709
27.84339 0.017279 7.772886
29.63802 0.017558 7.898253
31.43265 0.017727 7.974441
33.22727 0.017784 8
35.0219 0.017727 7.974441
36.81652 0.017558 7.898253
38.61115 0.017279 7.772886
40.40578 0.016896 7.600709
42.2004 0.016417 7.384931
43.99503 0.015849 7.129503
45.78965 0.015203 6.839
47.58428 0.01449 6.518482
49.37891 0.013723 6.173349
51.17353 0.012914 5.809192
52.96816 0.012074 5.431642
54.76278 0.011218 5.046231
56.55741 0.010355 4.658258
58.35204 0.009498 4.272681
60.14666 0.008656 3.894018
61.94129 0.007839 3.526273
63.73591 0.007053 3.172886
65.53054 0.006306 2.8367
67.32517 0.005602 2.519956
69.11979 0.004945 2.224298
70.91442 0.004337 1.950804
72.70904 0.003779 1.700023
74.50367 0.003272 1.472029
76.2983 0.002815 1.26648
78.09292 0.002407 1.082682
79.88755 0.002044 0.919653
81.68217 0.001725 0.77619
83.4768 0.001447 0.650927
85.27142 0.001206 0.542396
87.06605 0.000998 0.449078
88.86068 0.000821 0.369443
90.6553 0.000671 0.301991
92.44993 0.000545 0.245279
94.24455 0.00044 0.197947
96.03918 0.000353 0.158729
97.83381 0.000281 0.126469
99.62843 0.000223 0.100123
101.4231 0.000175 0.078759
103.2177 0.000137 0.061559
105.0123 0.000106 0.047808
106.8069 8.201E-05 0.036892
108.6016 6.288E-05 0.028287
110.3962 4.791E-05 0.02155
112.1908 3.626E-05 0.016314
113.9854 2.728E-05 0.01227
115.7801 2.039E-05 0.009171
117.5747 1.514E-05 0.00681
119.3693 1.117E-05 0.005025
121.1639 8.189E-06 0.003684
122.9586 5.966E-06 0.002684
Normal curve overlay

x normal scaled
-56.50402 5.966E-06 0.001969
-54.7094 8.189E-06 0.002703
-52.91477 1.117E-05 0.003686
-51.12015 1.514E-05 0.004996
-49.32552 2.039E-05 0.006727
-47.53089 2.728E-05 0.009001
-45.73627 3.626E-05 0.011967
-43.94164 4.791E-05 0.015809
-42.14702 6.288E-05 0.020751
-40.35239 8.201E-05 0.027063
-38.55776 0.000106 0.035071
-36.76314 0.000137 0.045159
-34.96851 0.000175 0.057777
-33.17389 0.000223 0.073448
-31.37926 0.000281 0.092776
-29.58464 0.000353 0.116441
-27.79001 0.00044 0.14521
-25.99538 0.000545 0.179933
-24.20076 0.000671 0.221536
-22.40613 0.000821 0.271018
-20.61151 0.000998 0.329437
-18.81688 0.001206 0.397893
-17.02225 0.001447 0.47751
-15.22763 0.001725 0.569401
-13.433 0.002044 0.674643
-11.63838 0.002407 0.794239
-9.84375 0.002815 0.92907
-8.049124 0.003272 1.079857
-6.254498 0.003779 1.24711
-4.459872 0.004337 1.431079
-2.665246 0.004945 1.631711
-0.87062 0.005602 1.848601
0.924006 0.006306 2.080959
2.718632 0.007053 2.327579
4.513258 0.007839 2.586819
6.307884 0.008656 2.856591
8.10251 0.009498 3.134372
9.897136 0.010355 3.417225
11.69176 0.011218 3.701836
13.48639 0.012074 3.984568
15.28101 0.012914 4.261533
17.07564 0.013723 4.528673
18.87027 0.01449 4.781857
20.66489 0.015203 5.016984
22.45952 0.015849 5.230092
24.25414 0.016417 5.41747
26.04877 0.016896 5.575761
27.84339 0.017279 5.702068
29.63802 0.017558 5.794035
31.43265 0.017727 5.849925
33.22727 0.017784 5.868675
35.0219 0.017727 5.849925
36.81652 0.017558 5.794035
38.61115 0.017279 5.702068
40.40578 0.016896 5.575761
42.2004 0.016417 5.41747
43.99503 0.015849 5.230092
45.78965 0.015203 5.016984
47.58428 0.01449 4.781857
49.37891 0.013723 4.528673
51.17353 0.012914 4.261533
52.96816 0.012074 3.984568
54.76278 0.011218 3.701836
56.55741 0.010355 3.417225
58.35204 0.009498 3.134372
60.14666 0.008656 2.856591
61.94129 0.007839 2.586819
63.73591 0.007053 2.327579
65.53054 0.006306 2.080959
67.32517 0.005602 1.848601
69.11979 0.004945 1.631711
70.91442 0.004337 1.431079
72.70904 0.003779 1.24711
74.50367 0.003272 1.079857
76.2983 0.002815 0.92907
78.09292 0.002407 0.794239
79.88755 0.002044 0.674643
81.68217 0.001725 0.569401
83.4768 0.001447 0.47751
85.27142 0.001206 0.397893
87.06605 0.000998 0.329437
88.86068 0.000821 0.271018
90.6553 0.000671 0.221536
92.44993 0.000545 0.179933
94.24455 0.00044 0.14521
96.03918 0.000353 0.116441
97.83381 0.000281 0.092776
99.62843 0.000223 0.073448
101.4231 0.000175 0.057777
103.2177 0.000137 0.045159
105.0123 0.000106 0.035071
106.8069 8.201E-05 0.027063
108.6016 6.288E-05 0.020751
110.3962 4.791E-05 0.015809
112.1908 3.626E-05 0.011967
113.9854 2.728E-05 0.009001
115.7801 2.039E-05 0.006727
117.5747 1.514E-05 0.004996
119.3693 1.117E-05 0.003686
121.1639 8.189E-06 0.002703
122.9586 5.966E-06 0.001969
Histogram with Normal Curve Overlay

Obs Data Frequency Table freq table reformatted

1 4.0
2 4.7 Bin size 3 #NAME? #NAME?
3 4.9 #NAME? #NAME?
4 5.0 item freq cum #NAME? #NAME?
5 5.0 3 #NAME? #NAME?
6 5.4 6 7 7 #NAME? #NAME?
7 5.5 9 6 13 #NAME? #NAME?
8 6.1 12 7 20 #NAME? #NAME?
9 6.3 #NAME? #NAME?
10 6.8 #NAME? #NAME?
11 7.1 #NAME? #NAME?
12 8.0
13 8.8
14 9.7
15 9.8
Histogram
16 10.1 12
17 10.6
10
18 10.7
19 10.8 8
Frequency

20 11.7 6
4
2
0
-5 0 5 10 15 20
Bin
 Statistics Normal curve overlay

mean 7.5 x normal scaled

std dev 2.502315 -2.459259 5.348E-05 0.003209
-2.259074 7.342E-05 0.004405
lower -2.459259 -2.058889 0.0001 0.006008
incr 0.200185 -1.858703 0.000136 0.008143
upper 17.55926 -1.658518 0.000183 0.010965
adjust 60 -1.458333 0.000245 0.014672
-1.258148 0.000325 0.019506
-1.057963 0.000429 0.025768
-0.857777 0.000564 0.033823
-0.657592 0.000735 0.044113
-0.457407 0.000953 0.057165
-0.257222 0.001227 0.073607
-0.057037 0.00157 0.094174
0.143148 0.001995 0.119719
0.343334 0.00252 0.151221
0.543519 0.003163 0.189795
0.743704 0.003945 0.236689
0.943889 0.004888 0.293285
1.144074 0.006018 0.361096
1.344259 0.007363 0.44175
1.544445 0.00895 0.536972
1.74463 0.010809 0.648554
15 20 1.944815 0.012972 0.778326
2.145 0.015468 0.928105
2.345185 0.018327 1.099648
2.545371 0.021576 1.294585
2.745556 0.025239 1.514355
2.945741 0.029336 1.760134
3.145926 0.033879 2.032751
3.346111 0.038877 2.332615
3.546296 0.044327 2.659638
3.746482 0.050219 3.013161
3.946667 0.056532 3.391899
4.146852 0.063231 3.793882
4.347037 0.070274 4.216434
4.547222 0.077603 4.656154
4.747408 0.085149 5.108929
4.947593 0.092833 5.569971
5.147778 0.100565 6.033877
5.347963 0.108245 6.494722
5.548148 0.115769 6.946166
5.748333 0.123027 7.381596
5.948519 0.129905 7.794278
6.148704 0.136292 8.177527
6.348889 0.142081 8.524888
6.549074 0.147172 8.830307
6.749259 0.151472 9.088318
6.949444 0.154903 9.294193
7.14963 0.157402 9.444097
7.349815 0.15892 9.535196
7.55 0.159429 9.565758
7.750185 0.15892 9.535196
7.95037 0.157402 9.444097
8.150556 0.154903 9.294193
8.350741 0.151472 9.088318
8.550926 0.147172 8.830307
8.751111 0.142081 8.524888
8.951296 0.136292 8.177527
9.151481 0.129905 7.794278
9.351667 0.123027 7.381596
9.551852 0.115769 6.946166
9.752037 0.108245 6.494722
9.952222 0.100565 6.033877
10.15241 0.092833 5.569971
10.35259 0.085149 5.108929
10.55278 0.077603 4.656154
10.75296 0.070274 4.216434
10.95315 0.063231 3.793882
11.15333 0.056532 3.391899
11.35352 0.050219 3.013161
11.5537 0.044327 2.659638
11.75389 0.038877 2.332615
11.95407 0.033879 2.032751
12.15426 0.029336 1.760134
12.35444 0.025239 1.514355
12.55463 0.021576 1.294585
12.75481 0.018327 1.099648
12.955 0.015468 0.928105
13.15518 0.012972 0.778326
13.35537 0.010809 0.648554
13.55556 0.00895 0.536972
13.75574 0.007363 0.44175
13.95593 0.006018 0.361096
14.15611 0.004888 0.293285
14.3563 0.003945 0.236689
14.55648 0.003163 0.189795
14.75667 0.00252 0.151221
14.95685 0.001995 0.119719
15.15704 0.00157 0.094174
15.35722 0.001227 0.073607
15.55741 0.000953 0.057165
15.75759 0.000735 0.044113
15.95778 0.000564 0.033823
16.15796 0.000429 0.025768
16.35815 0.000325 0.019506
16.55833 0.000245 0.014672
16.75852 0.000183 0.010965
 16.9587 0.000136 0.008143
17.15889 0.0001 0.006008
17.35907 7.342E-05 0.004405
17.55926 5.348E-05 0.003209
Boxplot (aka box and whiskers plot) Using QUARTILE

Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand A Brand B Brand C 1400

1020 840 1430 Min 380 300 430
1560 940 1750 Q1-Min 142.5 185 342.5 1200
560 780 870 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
1000
780 650 920 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
990 720 1300 Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5
800
670 430 890 Mean 784 756 1010
510 1850 740 600
490 300 720
380 360 430 400
880 690 1050
200

0
Brand A

Using QUARTILE.EXC and

Box Plot

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Min 380 300 430 1400
Q1-Min 125 112.5 305 1200
Med-Q1 220 292.5 170
1000
Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5
Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5 800
Mean 784 756 1010 600
400
200
0
Brand A
Using QUARTILE

1400 Brand A Brand B Brand C

Min 380 300 430
1200 Q1-Min 142.5 185 342.5
Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
1000
Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5
800

600

400

200

0
Brand A Brand B Brand C

Using QUARTILE.EXC and Real Statistics data analysis tool

Box Plot
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Brand A Brand B Brand C
Boxplot - Alternative Approach Using QUARTILE.INC

Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand A Brand B Brand C 1400

1020 840 1430 Q1 522.5 485 772.5
1560 940 1750 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5 1200
560 780 870 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
1000
780 650 920 Q1-Min 142.5 785 342.5
990 720 1300 Max-Q3 597.5 1025 512.5
800
670 430 890
510 1850 740 600
490 -300 720
380 360 430 400
880 690 1050
200

0
Brand A

Using QUARTILE.EXC

Brand A Brand B Brand C 1600

Q1 505 412.5 735
Med-Q1 220 292.5 170 1400
Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5 1200
Q1-Min 125 712.5 305
Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5 1000

800

600

400

200

0
Brand A
1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
Brand A Brand B Brand C

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
Brand A Brand B Brand C
Boxplot with negative data

Brand A Brand B Brand C Box Plot

1020 840 1430
B
1560 940 1750 Brand A Brand B Brand C 1800
560 780 870 Min 680 0 730 1600
780 650 920 Q1-Min 125 712.5 305 1400
990 720 1300 Med-Q1 220 292.5 170 1200
670 430 890 Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5
1000
510 1850 740 Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5
800
490 -300 720 Mean 1084 996 1310
600
380 360 430
400
880 690 1050 Grand Min -300
200
0
Brand A

Box Plot

Brand A Brand B Brand C

B
Min 680 0 730
Q1-Min 125 712.5 305
Med-Q1 220 292.5 170
Q3-Med 272.5 160 427.5
Max-Q3 562.5 985 417.5
Mean 1084 996 1310

Grand Min -300

Brand A Br
 Box Plot
2100
1900
1700
1500
1300
1100
900
700
500
300
100
-100
-300
Brand A Brand B Brand C

Box Plot
2100
1900
1700
1500
1300
1100
900
700
500
300
100
-100
-300
Brand A Brand B Brand C
Boxplot (aka box and whiskers plot)
Multiplier 1.5
Brand A Brand B Brand C
1020 840 1430 Brand A Brand B Brand C
1560 940 1750 Min 380 300 430 B
560 780 870 Q1-Min 142.5 185 342.5
2000
780 650 920 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
1800
990 720 1300 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
1600
670 430 890 Max-Q3 597.5 115 512.5
1400
510 1850 740 Mean 784 756 1010
1200
490 300 720 1000
380 360 430 Min 380 300 430 800
880 690 1050 Q1 522.5 485 772.5 600
Median 725 705 905 400
Q3 962.5 825 1237.5 200
Max 1560 940 1750 0
Mean 784 756 1010 Brand A

Grand Min 0

Outliers None 1850 None

 Box Plot

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Boxplot - Approach for Negative Data
Box Plot
Brand A Brand B Brand C
1020 840 1430 Brand A Brand B Brand C
1560 940 1750 Min 380 360 430 Box
560 780 870 Q1-Min 142.5 125 342.5
2000
780 650 920 Med-Q1 202.5 220 132.5
990 720 1300 Q3-Med 237.5 120 332.5
670 430 890 Max-Q3 597.5 115 512.5 1500
510 1850 740 Mean 784 696 1010
490 -300 720 1000
380 360 430 Min 380 360 430
880 690 1050 Q1 522.5 485 772.5 500
Median 725 705 905
Q3 962.5 825 1237.5 0
Max 1560 940 1750 Brand A
Mean 784 696 1010 -500

Grand Min 0

Outliers 1850
-300
 Indentifying Outliers

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Box Plot

1850
-300

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Boxplot - Approach for Negative Data

Brand A Brand B Brand C Box Plot

1650 -50 1430
1560 940 1750 Brand A Brand B Brand C Box Plot
1260 780 870 Min 720 0 480
2500
780 450 920 Q1-Min 87.5 427.5 342.5
990 720 1300 Med-Q1 82.5 192.5 132.5 2000
670 430 890 Q3-Med 352.5 195 332.5
800 1850 740 Max-Q3 457.5 175 512.5 1500
750 -300 720 Mean 989 637 1060
50 360 430 1000
880 690 1050 Min 670 -50 430
500
Q1 757.5 377.5 772.5
Median 840 570 905 0
Q3 1192.5 765 1237.5 Brand A Brand B
Max 1650 940 1750 -500
Mean 939 587 1010

Grand Min -50

Outliers 100 1900

-250
 Identifying Outliers

Brand A Brand B Brand C

Box Plot
2450

1950

1450 1900
-250
950 100
450

-50
and A Brand B Brand C
-550
Dot Plot

Brand A Brand B Brand C Brand A Brand B Brand C

1020 840 1430 1 1020 2 840 3 1430
1560 940 1750 1 1560 2 940 3 1750
560 780 870 1 560 2 780 3 870
780 650 920 1 780 2 650 3 920
990 720 1300 1 990 2 720 3 1300
670 430 890 1 670 2 430 3 890
510 1850 740 1 510 2 1850 3 740
490 300 720 1 490 2 300 3 720
380 360 430 1 380 2 360 3 430
880 690 1050 1 880 2 690 3 1050

Brand A Brand B Brand C

0 0 0
 Dot Plot
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Brand A Brand B Brand C
Dot Plot

Brand A Brand B Brand C

1020 840 1430 Dot Plot
1560 940 1750
560 780 870 2000
1800
780 650 920
1600
990 720 1300
1400
670 430 890 1200
510 1850 740 1000
490 300 720 800
380 360 430 600
880 690 1050 400
200
0
Brand Brand Brand
A B C
ROC and Classification Table

ROC Table

Observed Cumulative
Dosage Lives Dies Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC
R
0 0 1 1 0.064516 Fail-Pred
1
less than 2.00 34 3 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.118259 0.9
Suc-Pred
0.8
2.00 - 3.99 63 7 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.160998

True Positive Rate

0.7
4.00 - 5.99 88 11 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.184244 0.6
6.00 - 7.99 105 14 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.204117 Accuracy
0.5
8.00 - 9.99 123 23 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.142791 0.4
0.3
10.00 - 11.99 95 60 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.009855 Cutoff
0.2
12.00 - 13.99 9 75 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.003509 0.1
14.00 - 15.99 6 41 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.001224 0
16.00 -17.99 4 30 527 264 0 0.053763 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3
18.00 or more 0 15 527 279 0 0 0
527 279 0.889515

Estimating AUC using rectangles

ROC Table

Dosage Lives Dies Index Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC

less than 2.00 34 3 0 0 0 1 1 0.064516
2.00 - 3.99 63 7 1 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.118259
4.00 - 5.99 88 11 2 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.160998
6.00 - 7.99 105 14 3 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.184244
8.00 - 9.99 123 23 4 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.204117
10.00 - 11.99 95 60 5 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.142791
12.00 - 13.99 9 75 6 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.009855
14.00 - 15.99 6 41 7 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.003509
16.00 -17.99 4 30 8 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.001224
18.00 or more 0 15 9 527 264 0 0.053763 0
527 279 10 527 279 0 0 0
0.889515

Estimating AUC using trapezoids

ROC Table

Dosage Lives Dies Index Lives Dies FPR TPR AUC

less than 2.00 34 3 0 0 0 1 1 0.064169
2.00 - 3.99 63 7 1 34 3 0.935484 0.989247 0.11676
4.00 - 5.99 88 11 2 97 10 0.815939 0.964158 0.157706
6.00 - 7.99 105 14 3 185 21 0.648956 0.924731 0.179245
8.00 - 9.99 123 23 4 290 35 0.449715 0.874552 0.194497
10.00 - 11.99 95 60 5 413 58 0.216319 0.792115 0.123408
12.00 - 13.99 9 75 6 508 118 0.036053 0.577061 0.00756
14.00 - 15.99 6 41 7 517 193 0.018975 0.308244 0.002673
16.00 -17.99 4 30 8 523 234 0.00759 0.16129 0.000816
18.00 or more 0 15 9 527 264 0 0.053763 0
527 279 10 527 279 0 0 0
0.846834
 Fail-Obs Suc-Obs
ROC Curve
1 413 58 471
0.9 114 221 335
0.8
527 279 806
0.7
0.6
0.5 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866
0.4
0.3
0.2 5
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
False Positive Rate

Classification Table

Fail-Obs Suc-Obs
Fail-Pred 413 58 471
Suc-Pred 114 221 335
527 279 806

Accuracy 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866

Cutoff 5

ROC Curve
Classification Table 1
0.9
Fail-Obs Suc-Obs 0.8
True Positive Rate

0.7
Fail-Pred 413 58 471 0.6
Suc-Pred 114 221 335 0.5
527 279 806 0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
 0.8

True Positive Rate

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Accuracy 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866 0.1
0
Cutoff 5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
False Positive Rate
 Curve

.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
e Positive Rate
ROC ROC Table

Dosage Lives Dies Dosage Lives Dies FPR TPR

2 34 3 0 0 1 1
4 63 7 2 34 3 0.935484 0.989247
6 88 11 4 97 10 0.815939 0.964158
8 105 14 6 185 21 0.648956 0.924731
10 123 23 8 290 35 0.449715 0.874552
12 95 60 10 413 58 0.216319 0.792115
14 9 75 12 508 118 0.036053 0.577061
16 6 41 14 517 193 0.018975 0.308244
18 4 30 16 523 234 0.00759 0.16129
20 0 15 18 527 264 0 0.053763
527 279 20 527 279 0 0

ROC Curve
1
0.9
0.8
True Positive Rate

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
False Positive Rate
 Classification Table

AUC Fail-Obs Suc-Obs

0.064169 Fail-Pred 413 58 471
0.11676 Suc-Pred 114 221 335
0.157706 527 279 806
0.179245
0.194497 Accuracy 0.783681 0.792115 0.7866
0.123408
0.00756 Cutoff 10
0.002673
0.000816 Alpha 0.05
0 AUC 0.846834
0 Lower #NAME?
0.846834 Upper #NAME?

urve

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

ositive Rate
AUC Confidence Interval

n1 527
n2 279
AUC 0.889515
q0 0.098278 #NAME?
q1 0.009778 #NAME?
q2 0.046266 #NAME?
se 0.011096 #NAME?
alpha 0.05 #NAME?
z-crit 1.959964 =NORM.S.INV(1-B10/2)
lower 0.867767 #NAME?
upper 0.911263 #NAME?

lower #NAME? #NAME?

upper #NAME? #NAME?
Trimmed and Winsorized Data

Data Trim Winsor

3 #NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
6 #NAME? #NAME?
9 #NAME? #NAME?
9 #NAME? #NAME?
3 #NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
7 #NAME? #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
40 #NAME? #NAME?
1 #NAME? #NAME?
0 #NAME? #NAME?
8 #NAME? #NAME?
30 #NAME? #NAME?
1 #NAME? #NAME?
7 #NAME? #NAME?
5 #NAME? #NAME?
4 #NAME? #NAME?
2 #NAME? #NAME?
7.65 #NAME? #NAME?

5.142857 #NAME?
M-estimators

data 0 46.95 1 #NAME? 2 #NAME?

5 mean 46.95 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
40 median 49.5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
81 mad #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
34 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
56 c 4.685 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
12 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
89 biweight #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
23 huber #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
11 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
75 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
44 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
54 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
17 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
66 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
45 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
33 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
72 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
59 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
61 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
62 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
 3 #NAME? 4 #NAME? 5 #NAME? 6 #NAME? 7 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
 8 #NAME? 9 #NAME? 10 #NAME? 11 #NAME? 12 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
 13 #NAME? 14 #NAME? 15 #NAME? 16 #NAME? 17 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
 18 #NAME? 19 #NAME? 20 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Lp distance and estimate of central tendency

X |X-x|^p X W W|X-x|^p
1 1.073337 p 1.2 1 3 2.539958
2 0.034695 x 2.060751 2 2 0.172135
12 15.73346 ǁX-xǁp 10.51923 #NAME? 12 1 16.0956

x #NAME? #NAME?
 X Y
p 1.2 2 4
x 1.870471 3 5
ǁX-xǁp,W 11.5331 #NAME?

x #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
3.166667 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
 2 1.5 1
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Weighted Median

1 0.20 0.20 20 1 ### #NAME? #NAME?

2 0.05 0.25 5 2 #NAME? #NAME?
3 0.15 0.40 15 3 #NAME? #NAME?
4 0.25 0.65 25 4 #NAME? #NAME?
5 0.35 1.00 35 5 #NAME? #NAME?
1.00 6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
 50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
 1 0.40 0.40 #NAME? #NAME?
3 0.10 0.50 #NAME? #NAME?
4 0.25 0.75 #NAME? #NAME?
6 0.25 1.00

1 50 50 #NAME? #NAME?
2 25 75 #NAME? #NAME?
3 15 90
4 20 110
5 5 115
115
50% 57.5
 7 Mean Stdev k Lower Upper
20 120 56.42497 2.5 -21.06244 261.0624
57 120 56.42497 3.0 -49.27492 289.2749
87
89 Median IQR c Lower Upper
89 120 #NAME? 1.5 #NAME? #NAME?
92 120 #NAME? 2.0 #NAME? #NAME?
108 120 #NAME? 2.2 #NAME? #NAME?
109
120 Median MAD c Lower Upper
126 120 #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
137 120 #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
152
154
160
176
188
191
218
 1 Mean Stdev k Lower Upper
3 125.2632 60.52074 2.5 -26.0387 276.565
100 125.2632 60.52074 3.0 -56.29907 306.8254
100
104 Median IQR c Lower Upper
110 126 #NAME? 1.5 #NAME? #NAME?
111 126 #NAME? 2.0 #NAME? #NAME?
120 126 #NAME? 2.2 #NAME? #NAME?
125
126 Median MAD c Lower Upper
129 126 #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
132 126 #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
141
142
143
144
147
250
252
100 Mean Stdev k Lower Upper
100 215.7368 216.6194 2.5 -325.8118 757.2854
104 215.7368 216.6194 3.0 -434.1215 865.5952
110
111 Median IQR c Lower Upper
120 132 #NAME? 1.5 #NAME? #NAME?
125 132 #NAME? 2.0 #NAME? #NAME?
126 132 #NAME? 2.2 #NAME? #NAME?
129
132 Median MAD c Lower Upper
141 132 #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
142 132 #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
143
144 Median LMAD UMAD c Lower Upper
240 132 #NAME? #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
250 132 #NAME? #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
252
800
830
 5 Median MAD c Lower Upper
20 25 #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
20 25 #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
21
22 Median LMAD UMAD c Lower Upper
23 25 #NAME? #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
23 25 #NAME? #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
24
25 HD Med LMAD UMAD c Lower Upper
25 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 3.7065 #NAME? #NAME?
300 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 4.4478 #NAME? #NAME?
310
320
320
340
360
360
2000
2050
Deleting Missing Data Listwise

Poverty White Crime Doctors University Income #NAME?

Alabama 15.7 71.0 448 218.2 22.0 42,666 #NAME?
Alaska 8.4 70.6 661 228.5 27.3 68,460 #NAME?
Arizona 14.7 86.5 483 209.7 25.1 50,958 #NAME?
Arkansas 17.3 80.8 203.4 18.8 38,815 #NAME?
California 13.3 76.6 523 268.7 29.6 61,021 #NAME?
Colorado 89.7 348 259.7 35.6 56,993 #NAME?
Connecticut 9.3 84.3 256 376.4 35.6 68,595 #NAME?
Delaware 10.0 74.3 689 250.9 27.5 57,989 #NAME?
Florida 13.2 79.8 723 247.9 25.8 47,778 #NAME?
Georgia 14.7 65.4 493 217.4 27.5 50,861 #NAME?
Hawaii 9.1 29.7 273 317.0 29.1 67,214 #NAME?
Idaho 94.6 239 168.8 24.0 47,576 #NAME?
Illinois 12.2 79.1 533 280.2 29.9 56,235 #NAME?
Indiana 13.1 216.9 47,966 #NAME?
Iowa 11.5 94.2 295 189.3 24.3 48,980 #NAME?
Kansas 11.3 88.7 453 222.5 29.6 50,177 #NAME?
Kentucky 17.3 89.9 295 232.3 19.7 41,538 #NAME?
Louisiana 17.3 64.8 730 262.7 20.3 43,733 #NAME?
Maine 12.3 96.4 118 278.4 25.4 46,581 #NAME?

Number of rows without miss

 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

Number of rows without missing data #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Shannon's Index of Diversity

A B C D E Total Formulas in Column B

freq 5 8 6 2 4 25
p 0.2 0.32 0.24 0.08 0.16 #NAME?
log p -0.69897 -0.49485 -0.619789 -1.09691 -0.79588 #NAME?

H' 0.661989 #NAME?

max H' 0.69897 #NAME?
J' 0.947092 #NAME?

H' 0.661989 #NAME?

 A B C D E Total
freq 21 1 1 1 1 25
p 0.84 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
log p -0.075721 -1.39794 -1.39794 -1.39794 -1.39794

H' 0.287276
max H' 0.69897
J' 0.410999
Brillouin’s Index of Diversity

A B C D E Total Formulas in Column B

freq 12 14 1 2 3 32
log freq! 8.680337 10.94041 0 0.30103 0.778151 35.42017 #NAME?

H 0.460008 #NAME?
k 5 #NAME?
c 6 #NAME?
d 2 #NAME?
max H 0.607604 see below
J 0.757085 #NAME?

max H #NAME?

Diversity Indices

# of eleme 32
# of catego 5

Shannon Brillouin Simpson Sm Sample

diversity i 1.232992 0.460008 D index 0.345703 0.324597
max index 1.609438 0.607604 1-D 0.654297 0.675403
homogenei 0.766101 0.757085 1/D 2.892655 3.080745
 A B C D E Total
freq 6 6 6 7 7 32
log 2.857332 2.8573324964 2.857332 3.702431 3.702431 35.42017

H 0.607604
k 5
c 6
d 2
max H 0.607604
J 1
Simpson's Index of Diversity Real Statistics data analysis tool

A B C D E Total Diversity Indices

freq 5 8 6 2 4 25
p 0.2 0.32 0.24 0.08 0.16 # of elements
# of categories
D 0.232 D' 0.2
1-D 0.768 1-D' 0.8
1/D 4.310345 1/D' 5 diversity index
max index
homogeneity
tatistics data analysis tool

25
5

Shannon Brillouin Simpson Sm Sample

1.524286 1.286442 D index 0.232 0.2
1.609438 1.362646 1-D 0.768 0.8
0.947092 0.944077 1/D 4.3103448 5
Power

Sample size for t-test (single sample)

Alpha
Power Effect Size 0.05 0.01
0.80 0.2 199 296
0.80 0.5 34 51
0.80 0.8 15 22
0.90 0.2 265 376
0.90 0.5 44 63
0.90 0.8 19 27
0.95 0.2 327 449
0.95 0.5 54 75
0.95 0.8 23 32
Bonferroni and Dunn-Sidàk Corrections Holm's and Hochberg Approach

alpha 0.05 alpha 0.05

k 6 k 6

p-value Bonf α Bonf sig DS α sig p-value rank

A 0.01208 0.008333 no 0.008512 no ### #NAME? #NAME?
B 0.00356 0.008333 yes 0.008512 yes ### #NAME? #NAME?
C 0.11542 0.008333 no 0.008512 no ### #NAME? #NAME?
D 0.02155 0.008333 no 0.008512 no ### #NAME? #NAME?
E 0.03329 0.008333 no 0.008512 no ### #NAME? #NAME?
F 0.01042 0.008333 no 0.008512 no ### #NAME? #NAME?
berg Approach Benjamini-Hochberg Approach

FDR 0.05
k 6

adj α Holm sig Hoch sig p-value rank adj α BH sig

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? ### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Benjamini-Yekutieli Approach Benjamini-Hochberg Method

ᾶ #NAME? FDR 0.05

k 6 # of tests 0

p-value rank adj α BY sig test p-value rank alpha

### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 1 #DIV/0!
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 2 #DIV/0!
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 3 #DIV/0!
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 4 #DIV/0!
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 5 #DIV/0!
### #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 6 #DIV/0!
 sig
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Graph of f(x) = x^2

x f(x)
-5 25
-4.9 24.01 𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)
-4.8 23.04
-4.7 22.09 25
-4.6 21.16 20
-4.5 20.25
-4.4 19.36 15

y-axis
-4.3 18.49
10
-4.2 17.64
-4.1 16.81 5
-4 16
0
-3.9 15.21
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
-3.8 14.44
x-axis
-3.7 13.69
-3.6 12.96
-3.5 12.25
-3.4 11.56
-3.3 10.89
-3.2 10.24
-3.1 9.61
-3 9
-2.9 8.41
-2.8 7.84
-2.7 7.29
-2.6 6.76
-2.5 6.25
-2.4 5.76
-2.3 5.29
-2.2 4.84
-2.1 4.41
-2 4
-1.9 3.61
-1.8 3.24
-1.7 2.89
-1.6 2.56
-1.5 2.25
-1.4 1.96
-1.3 1.69
-1.2 1.44
-1.1 1.21
-1 1
-0.9 0.81
-0.8 0.64
-0.7 0.49
-0.6 0.36
-0.5 0.25
-0.4 0.16
-0.3 0.09
-0.2 0.04
-0.1 0.01
0 0
0.1 0.01
0.2 0.04
0.3 0.09
0.4 0.16
0.5 0.25
0.6 0.36
0.7 0.49
0.8 0.64
0.9 0.81
1 1
1.1 1.21
1.2 1.44
1.3 1.69
1.4 1.96
1.5 2.25
1.6 2.56
1.7 2.89
1.8 3.24
1.9 3.61
2 4
2.1 4.41
2.2 4.84
2.3 5.29
2.4 5.76
2.5 6.25
2.6 6.76
2.7 7.29
2.8 7.84
2.9 8.41
3 9
3.1 9.61
3.2 10.24
3.3 10.89
3.4 11.56
3.5 12.25
3.6 12.96
3.7 13.69
3.8 14.44
3.9 15.21
4 16
4.1 16.81
4.2 17.64
4.3 18.49
4.4 19.36
4.5 20.25
4.6 21.16
4.7 22.09
4.8 23.04
4.9 24.01
5 25
3 4 5
Gamma Function

x Γ(x) Γ(x) Γ(x)

0.5 #NAME? #NAME? 1.772454 #NAME?
-0.5 #NAME? #NAME? -3.544908 #NAME? #NAME?
-1.5 #NAME? #NAME? 2.363272 #NAME? #NAME?
-2.5 #NAME? #NAME? -0.945309 #NAME? #NAME?
 Incomplete Gamma Function

x 5
#NAME? a 4
#NAME? lower #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? upper #NAME? #NAME?
gamma #NAME? #NAME?
Status Sex Score Sex Sum
Married Male 23 Male 97
Married Female 34 Female 92
Single Male 38
Single Female 12 Status Sex Sum
Divorced Male 25 Married Male 23
Divorced Female 19 Divorced Female 19
Widowed Male 11
Widowed Female 27

Person Age Salary Age Sum

Jim 34 45000 30 174000
Mary 54 80000 60 15000
Dave 23 30000
Bob 44 34000 Age Count
Jane 70 15000 30 4

Age Salary Count

30 30000 3
#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?

#NAME?
a f g 6 p 4 #NAME?
y 56 Z 4 G 4 #NAME?
@ go ? 7 0 2 #NAME?
% Z stop @ z 1 #NAME?
3 #NAME?

f #NAME?
go #NAME?
6 #NAME?

6 #NAME?
4
7
@

@ go ? 7 #NAME?
Symbol Z
Row # 2 #NAME?
Col # 3 #NAME?

Symbol 7
Row # 3 #NAME?
Col # 4 #NAME?
Conversion from frequency table Real Statistics data analysis t

Frequency Table Raw Data (with duplicates) Frequency Table

Score Freq Cum Score Row Count Score Freq

5.0 1 1 5.0 1 0 5.0 1
5.1 1 2 5.1 2 0 5.1 1
5.2 3 5 5.2 3 2 5.2 3
5.5 2 7 5.2 3 1 5.5 2
5.6 1 8 5.2 3 0 5.6 1
5.7 4 12 5.5 4 1 5.7 4
5.8 3 15 5.5 4 0 5.8 3
5.6 5 0
5.7 6 3
5.7 6 2
5.7 6 1
5.7 6 0
5.8 7 2
5.8 7 1
5.8 7 0

Alternative Version

Frequency Table

Score Freq Cum

5.0 1 1
5.1 1 2
5.2 3 5
5.5 2 7
5.6 1 8
5.7 4 12
5.8 3 15

Raw Data (with duplicates)

Score Row Count

5.0 27 0
5.1 28 0
5.2 29 2
5.2 29 1
5.2 29 0
5.5 30 1
5.5 30 0
5.6 31 0
5.7 32 3
5.7 32 2
5.7 32 1
5.7 32 0
5.8 33 2
5.8 33 1
5.8 33 0
l Statistics data analysis tool

quency Table Descriptive Statistics

Mean 5.5
Standard Error 0.07303
Median #NAME?
Mode 5.7
Standard Deviation 0.282843
Sample Variance 0.08
Kurtosis -1.31044
Skewness -0.568211
Range 0.8
Maximum 5.8
Minimum 5.0
Sum 82.5
Count 15
Geometric Mean 5.493087
Harmonic Mean 5.486055
AAD 0.24
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?
=N16/N17
=N9/SQRT(N17)
=MEDIAN(Freq2Raw(J6:J12,K6:K12))
=IF(COUNTIF(K6:K12,MAX(K6:K12))>1,#N/A,SUMIF(K6:K12,MAX(K6:K12),J6:J12))
=SQRT(N10)
=SUMPRODUCT((J6:J12-N5)^2,K6:K12)/(N17-1)
=N17*(N17+1)*SUMPRODUCT((J6:J12-N5)^4,K6:K12)/((N17-1)*(N17-2)*(N17-3)*N10^2)-3*(N17-1)^2/((N17-2)*(N17-3))
=N17*SUMPRODUCT((J6:J12-N5)^3,K6:K12)/((N17-1)*(N17-2)*N9^3)
=N14-N15
=MAX(J6:J12)
=MIN(J6:J12)
=SUMPRODUCT(J6:J12,K6:K12)
=SUM(K6:K12)
=PRODUCT(J6:J12^K6:K12)^(1/N17)
=N17/SUMPRODUCT(1/J6:J12*K6:K12)
=SUMPRODUCT(ABS(J6:J12-N5),K6:K12)/N17
=MAD(Freq2Raw(J6:J12,K6:K12))
=IQR(Freq2Raw(J6:J12,K6:K12))
Real Statistics data analysis tool

Frequency Table Descriptive Statistics Raw Data

Score Freq Mean 5.5 #NAME?

5.0 1 Standard Error 0.07303 #NAME?
5.1 1 Median #NAME? #NAME?
5.2 3 Mode 5.7 #NAME?
5.5 2 Standard Deviation 0.282843 #NAME?
5.6 1 Sample Variance 0.08 #NAME?
5.7 4 Kurtosis -1.31044 #NAME?
5.8 3 Skewness -0.568211 #NAME?
Range 0.8 #NAME?
Maximum 5.8 #NAME?
Minimum 5.0 #NAME?
Sum 82.5 #NAME?
Count 15 #NAME?
Geometric Mean 5.493087 #NAME?
Harmonic Mean 5.486055 #NAME?
AAD 0.24
MAD #NAME?
IQR #NAME?
Conversion to frequency table Real Statistics data analysis tool

Raw Data Frequency Table 5.0 Frequency Table

5.1
Score Score Freq Cum 5.2 item
5.0 5.0 1 1 5.2 #NAME?
5.1 5.1 1 2 5.2 #NAME?
5.2 5.2 3 5 5.5 #NAME?
5.2 5.5 2 7 5.5 #NAME?
5.2 5.6 1 8 5.6 #NAME?
5.5 5.7 4 12 5.7 #NAME?
5.5 5.8 3 15 5.7 #NAME?
5.6 5.7
5.7 5.7
5.7 5.8
5.7 5.8
5.7 5.8
5.8
5.8 Real Statistics data analysis tool (using bins)
5.8
5 Frequency Table
5.1
5.2 Bin size
5.2
5.2 item
5.5 4.9
5.5 5.05
5.6 5.2
5.7 5.35
5.7 5.5
5.7 5.65
5.7 5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8

Real Statistics data analysis tool (using bins)

5 Frequency Table
5.1
5.2 Bin size
5.2
5.2 item
5.5 4.84
5.5 5
5.6 5.16
5.7 5.32
5.7 5.48
5.7 5.64
5.7 5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
 Frequency Table

freq prob
Histogram
#NAME? #NAME? 12
#NAME? #NAME? 10
#NAME? #NAME?
8
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? Frequency 6
#NAME? #NAME? 4
#NAME? #NAME?
2
#NAME? #NAME?
0
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Bin

nalysis tool (using bins)

Frequency Table
Histogram
8
0.15 7
6
freq cum 5
Frequency

4
1 1 3
4 5 2
0 5 1
2 7 0
1 8 5.05 5.2 5.35 5.5 5.65 5.8
7 15 Bin

nalysis tool (using bins)

Frequency Table
Histogram
8
0.16 7
6
freq cum 5
Frequency

4
1 1 3
1 2 2
3 5 1
0 5 0
5 5.16 5.32 5.48 5.64 5.8
Bin
 3

Fre
2
1
0
5 5.16 5.32 5.48 5.64 5.8
3 8
7 15 Bin
FREQTABLE(H3:H17)

item freq prob

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

FREQTABLE(H21:35,.15)

item freq prob

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

FREQTABLE(H21:35,.16)

item freq prob

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Coding of Categorical Variables Simple Coding Usual Dummy Coding

Year Season Temp Year Season Temp t1 t2 t3

1990 Winter 5 1990 #NAME? 5 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1990 Spring 15 1990 #NAME? 15 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1990 Summer 28 1990 #NAME? 28 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1990 Fall 17 1990 #NAME? 17 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1991 Winter 7 1991 #NAME? 7 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1991 Spring 20 1991 #NAME? 20 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1992 1992 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1993 Winter 6 1993 #NAME? 6 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1993 Fall 18 1993 #NAME? 18 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
1994 Summer 30 1994 #NAME? 30 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Alternative Dummy Coding

t1 t2 t3
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Table Lookup

Method 1 Method 2

4 5 6 7 8 4 6
2 0.1250 0.1000 0.0833 0.0714 0.0625 a 0.1250 0.1000
3 0.0833 0.0666 0.0555 0.0476 0.0416 b 0.0833 0.0666
4 0.0625 0.0500 0.0416 0.0357 0.0312 c 0.0625 0.0500
5 0.0500 0.0400 0.0333 0.0285 0.0250 d 0.0500 0.0400

row 4 5 4.1 5 row a

col 5 8 8.9 10 col 6
value 0.0500 0.0250 0.0312 Err:502 rindex 1
cindex 2
value 0.1000
tlookup #NAME?

Method 3 Method 4

1 2 3 4 5 α = .10 4 5
1 0.1250 0.1000 0.0833 0.0714 0.0625 2 0.1250 0.1000
5 0.0833 0.0666 0.0555 0.0476 0.0416 3 0.0833 0.0666
10 0.0625 0.0500 0.0416 0.0357 0.0312 4 0.0625 0.0500
>10 0.0500 0.0400 0.0333 0.0285 0.0250 5 0.0500 0.0400

row 4 5 9 20 α = .05 4 5
col 2 2 4 4 2 0.0833 0.0667
rindex 1 2 2 3 3 0.0555 0.0444
lower 0.1000 0.0666 0.0476 0.0357 4 0.0417 0.0333
upper 0.0666 0.05 0.0357 0.0285 5 0.0333 0.0267
weight 0.75 0 0.8 1
value 0.07495 0.0666 0.03808 0.0285 α = .01 4 5
ilookup #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? 2 0.0714 0.0571
3 0.0476 0.0381
4 0.0357 0.0286
5 0.0286 0.0229

row 4
col 5
α 0.05

offset 0
value 0.0333
 12 20 30
0.0833 0.0714 0.0625
0.0555 0.0476 0.0416
0.0416 0.0357 0.0312
0.0333 0.0285 0.0250

d a z
12 6.1 30
4 1 #N/A
3 #N/A 5
0.0333 #N/A #N/A
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

6 7 8
0.0833 0.0714 0.0625
0.0555 0.0476 0.0416
0.0416 0.0357 0.0312
0.0333 0.0285 0.0250

6 7 8
0.0555 0.0476 0.0417
0.0370 0.0317 0.0277
0.0277 0.0238 0.0208
0.0222 0.0190 0.0167

6 7 8
0.0476 0.0408 0.0357
0.0317 0.0272 0.0238
0.0238 0.0204 0.0178
0.0190 0.0163 0.0143

5 4 5
8 5 8
0.05 0.1 0.01

0 -6 6
0.0167 0.0500 0.0143
Sampling without replacement Sampling with replacement
SHUFFLE
Pop Random Sample Pop Sample
2 0.967716 2 2 7 #NAME?
5 0.368615 10 5 19 #NAME?
7 0.150992 19 7 20 #NAME?
8 0.821203 8 8 15 #NAME?
9 0.342597 12 9 9 #NAME?
11 0.911684 7 11 6 #NAME?
15 0.376992 15 #NAME?
17 0.467967 17 #NAME?
20 0.270005 20 #NAME?
21 0.802915 21 #NAME?
1 0.651075 1 #NAME?
3 0.240597 3 #NAME?
6 0.014097 6 #NAME?
10 0.163388 10 #NAME?
12 0.954525 12 #NAME?
24 0.7218 24 #NAME?
16 0.378394 16 #NAME?
18 0.51622 18 #NAME?
19 0.684834 19 #NAME?
22 0.716232 22 #NAME?
=RANDOMIZE(E4:E23) =SHUFFLE(A4:A23)

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
Graphing standard error of the mean

Subject Before 1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks

1 56 67 50 123
2
3
12
23
18
24
24
26
29
27
Stress Levels by Week
4 8 20 28 30 45
5 3 12 13 17 40
6 5 13 11 15 35
7 19 22 25 26 30
8 45 78 48 117

Stress Level
25
9 12 20 22 24 20
10 16 22 26 29
15
11 35 56 22 102
10
12 24 26 21 23
5
13 9 12 20 23
0
14 3 9 13 16
Before 1 week 2 weeks
15 2 8 6 10
mean 18.13333 27.13333 23.66667 40.73333
std dev 16.15933 21.7317 12.08108 38.56806
s.e. 4.17232 5.6111 3.11932 9.95823
ss Levels by Week

1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks

 red green blue code closet
amber 255 191 0 49151 #NAME?
amethyst 153 102 204 13395609 #NAME?
aquamarine 127 255 212 13959039 #NAME?
asparagus 135 169 107 7055751 #NAME?
azure 0 127 255 16744192 #NAME?
beige 245 245 220 #NAME? #NAME?
black 0 0 0 #NAME? #NAME?
blue 0 0 255 #NAME? #NAME?
bone 227 218 201 13228771 #NAME?
brass 181 166 66 4368053 #NAME?
bronze 205 127 50 3309517 #NAME?
brown 139 69 19 1262987 #NAME?
camel 193 154 107 7051969 #NAME?
charcoal 54 69 79 5195062 #NAME?
chartreuse 127 255 0 65407 #NAME?
cherry 222 49 99 6500830 #NAME?
chocolate 210 105 30 1993170 #NAME?
coffee 111 78 55 3624559 #NAME?
coral 255 127 80 5275647 #NAME?
corn 251 236 93 6155515 #NAME?
crimson 220 20 60 #NAME? #NAME?
cyan 0 255 255 #NAME? #NAME?
emerald 80 200 120 7915600 #NAME?
forest 34 139 34 2263842 #NAME?
gold 255 215 0 #NAME? #NAME?
green 0 128 0 #NAME? #NAME?
grey 128 128 128 #NAME? #NAME?
indigo 75 0 130 #NAME? #NAME?
jade 0 168 107 #NAME? #NAME?
khaki 240 230 140 #NAME? #NAME?
lavender 230 230 250 #NAME? #NAME?
lime 0 255 0 #NAME? #NAME?
magenta 255 0 255 #NAME? #NAME?
mahogany 192 64 0 #NAME? #NAME?
maroon 128 0 0 #NAME? #NAME?
mauve 224 176 255 16756960 #NAME?
mint 62 180 137 9024574 #NAME?
mustard 255 219 88 5823487 #NAME?
navy 0 0 128 #NAME? #NAME?
olive 128 128 0 #NAME? #NAME?
orange 255 165 0 #NAME? #NAME?
pear 209 226 49 #NAME? #NAME?
pink 255 192 203 #NAME? #NAME?
pumpkin 255 117 24 1603071 #NAME?
purple 128 0 128 #NAME? #NAME?
red 255 0 0 #NAME? #NAME?
rose 255 0 127 8323327 #NAME?
rust 183 65 14 934327 #NAME?
saddle 139 69 19 #NAME? #NAME?
salmon 250 128 114 #NAME? #NAME?
sand 194 178 128 8434370 #NAME?
sepia 112 66 20 1327728 #NAME?
sienna 136 45 23 1518984 #NAME?
silver 192 192 192 #NAME? #NAME?
sky 135 206 235 #NAME? #NAME?
tan 210 180 140 #NAME? #NAME?
tangerine 242 133 0 34290 #NAME?
taupe 72 60 50 3292232 #NAME?
teal 0 128 128 #NAME? #NAME?
tomato 255 99 71 #NAME? #NAME?
topaz 255 200 124 8177919 #NAME?
turquoise 64 224 208 #NAME? #NAME?
vermilion 227 66 52 3424995 #NAME?
violet 238 130 238 #NAME? #NAME?
white 255 255 255 #NAME? #NAME?
yellow 255 255 0 #NAME? #NAME?
 code dist
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
 red green blue code red green blue
amber 255 191 0 49151 emerald 80 200 120
amethyst 153 102 204 13395609 forest 34 139 34
aquamarine 127 255 212 13959039 gold 255 215 0
asparagus 135 169 107 7055751 green 0 128 0
azure 0 127 255 16744192 grey 128 128 128
beige 245 245 220 #NAME? indigo 75 0 130
black 0 0 0 #NAME? jade 0 168 107
blue 0 0 255 #NAME? khaki 240 230 140
bone 227 218 201 13228771 lavender 230 230 250
brass 181 166 66 4368053 lime 0 255 0
bronze 205 127 50 3309517 magenta 255 0 255
brown 139 69 19 1262987 mahogany 192 64 0
camel 193 154 107 7051969 maroon 128 0 0
charcoal 54 69 79 5195062 mauve 224 176 255
chartreuse 127 255 0 65407 mint 62 180 137
cherry 222 49 99 6500830 mustard 255 219 88
chocolate 210 105 30 1993170 navy 0 0 128
coffee 111 78 55 3624559 olive 128 128 0
coral 255 127 80 5275647 orange 255 165 0
corn 251 236 93 6155515 pear 209 226 49
crimson 220 20 60 #NAME? pink 255 192 203
cyan 0 255 255 #NAME? pumpkin 255 117 24
 code red green blue code
7915600 purple 128 0 128 #NAME?
2263842 red 255 0 0 #NAME?
#NAME? rose 255 0 127 8323327
#NAME? rust 183 65 14 934327
#NAME? saddle 139 69 19 #NAME?
#NAME? salmon 250 128 114 #NAME?
#NAME? sand 194 178 128 8434370
#NAME? sepia 112 66 20 1327728
#NAME? sienna 136 45 23 1518984
#NAME? silver 192 192 192 #NAME?
#NAME? sky 135 206 235 #NAME?
#NAME? tan 210 180 140 #NAME?
#NAME? tangerine 242 133 0 34290
16756960 taupe 72 60 50 3292232
9024574 teal 0 128 128 #NAME?
5823487 tomato 255 99 71 #NAME?
#NAME? topaz 255 200 124 8177919
#NAME? turquoise 64 224 208 #NAME?
#NAME? vermilion 227 66 52 3424995
#NAME? violet 238 130 238 #NAME?
#NAME? white 255 255 255 #NAME?
1603071 yellow 255 255 0 #NAME?
Color Functions

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? color 1 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? color 2 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? 34 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? 56 #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?

#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?
Bitwise Arithmetic

0101101 01100
45 #NAME? 10101
101101 #NAME? 12 #NAME?
21 #NAME?
90 #NAME?
1011010 #NAME? 11101 #NAME?
22 #NAME? 11001 #NAME?
10110 #NAME? 100 #NAME?

#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?

1011010 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
10110 #NAME?
Text functions

The #NAME? #NAME?

quick #NAME? #NAME?
brown #NAME? #NAME?
fox #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?

James Brown #NAME? #NAME?

Apple Pie #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
#NAME? #NAME?
Letter grades

score pm = .2 grade score score

4.6 #NAME? #NAME? A+ ### #NAME? 3.9
4.5 #NAME? A ### 3.8
4.4 #NAME? A- ### 3.7
4.3 #NAME? B+ ### 3.6
4.2 #NAME? B ### 3.5
4.1 #NAME? B- ### 3.4
4 #NAME? C+ ### 3.3
3.9 #NAME? C ### 3.2
3.8 #NAME? C- ### 3.1
3.7 #NAME? D+ ### 3
3.6 #NAME? D ### 2.9
3.5 #NAME? D- ### 2.8
3.4 #NAME? F ### 2.7
3.3 #NAME?
3.2 #NAME?
3.1 #NAME?
3 #NAME?
2.9 #NAME?
2.8 #NAME?
2.7 #NAME?
2.6 #NAME?
2.5 #NAME?
2.4 #NAME?
2.3 #NAME?
2.2 #NAME?
2.1 #NAME?
2 #NAME?
1.9 #NAME?
1.8 #NAME?
1.7 #NAME?
1.6 #NAME?
1.5 #NAME?
1.4 #NAME?
1.3 #NAME?
1.2 #NAME?
1.1 #NAME?
1 #NAME?
0.9 #NAME?
0.8 #NAME?
0.7 #NAME?
0.6 #NAME?
0.5 #NAME?
0.4 #NAME?
0.3 #NAME?
0.2 #NAME?
 0.1 #NAME?
0 #NAME?
-0.1 #NAME?
grade
### #NAME?
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
Interpolation

Spearman's Rho

n 20
α 0.02 #NAME? #NAME?
α 0.05 #NAME? #NAME?
α-linear 0.025 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
α-log 0.025 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
α-harmonic 0.025 #NAME? #NAME?
#NAME?
#NAME?