REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF NUEVA ECIJA

STO. DOMINGO NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
BRGY. BALOC, STO. DOMINGO, NUEVA ECIJA

IMPACTS OF SINGLE PARENTING:

ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES
OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS AT STO. DOMINGO
NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Department of English and Filipino

Sto. Domingo National Trade School

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

for the Subject English 10

Presented by:

Pamesa, Heowyn Seth, B.

Espiritu Jay-are D.

Delacruz, Bianca B.

Valdez, Jhanloyd

Cafugawan, Ian

June 2023
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STO. DOMINGO NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
BRGY. BALOC, STO. DOMINGO, NUEVA ECIJA

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for His showers of blessings
throughout our research and its successful completion.
The researchers would also like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research
adviser, Sir Melvin Valdez for providing us invaluable supervision, support, and tutelage
during the course of our research study. We would also like to thank him for his empathy,
patience, and knowledge that he imparts unto us. It was a great privilege and honor to
work and study under his guidance.
The researchers’ gratitude also extends to Sto. Domingo National Trade school, school
principal, Rowena Caoile and Sir Rosendo Labrador , junior high school focal person, for
allowing us the opportunity to conduct our research among the grade 10 students. Also, to
the junior high teachers who have given their consent for the full participation of the
selected grade 10 respondents. Without their help, our research paper would not be
possible.
Our thanks and appreciations also go to our respondents who willingly helped with their
full cooperation which has made the research study achieve its smooth completion. We
would also like to give thanks for the time and knowledge that you have given us to
conduct this study.
Last but not the least, to our dearest parents for their deep consideration for the finances
and undying support throughout the making of the research study. As well as for their
words of encouragement to all those nights that we’ve spent making the research study.

DEDICATION

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved parents, who have been our source of
inspiration and gave us strength when we thought of giving up.
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To my Sister, brother, friends, classmates who shared their words of advise and
encouragement to finish this study.

And lastly, I dedicate this research paper to the almighty God who gives me strength, wisdom
guidance, power of thinking, security, and competence. And for giving good health while doing
all of this.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page

1. Introduction

Background of the Study……………………………………………………………………… 1

Literature Review………………………………………………..……………………………… 2

Conceptual/Theoretical Framework………………………..……………………………… 2

Research Problems……………………………………………………..……………………… 4

Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………..……………… 5

2. Methods

Research Design………………………………………………………………………………… 6

Sampling and Participants…………………………………………………………………… 7

Instruments/Tools……………………………………………………………………………… 8

Data Gathering Procedures…………………………………………………………………… 9

Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………. 10

Ethical Procedures……………………………………………………………………………… 11

References………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12

Appendices

Appendix A……………………………………………………………………………….…….… 13

Appendix B…………………………………………………………………………….………… 14

LIST OF TABLES
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Tables Page

Table 1 ……………………………………………………………….…………………………… 1

Table 1 ……………………………………………………………….…………………………… 2

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page

Figure 1 ……………………………………………………………….…………………………… 1

Figure 2 ……………………………………………………………….…………………………… 2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Single parent families consist of a parent and one or more dependent children

who do not have the presence and support of a spouse or adult partner who shares

parenting responsibilities. Over the last several decades, the number of "traditional"

two-parent families has decreased while the number of single parent families has

increased. For example, whereas only approximately 11% of children were raised by a

single parent in 1970, census statistics from 2000 show that 28% of children were

raised by a single parent. However, these rises have lately tapered off, with recent
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rates falling from 29% in 1997 to a somewhat lower rate of 27% in 2001. (2018,

Springer).

It indicates that there is a link between parental involvement and students'

academic success. That is, single parenting can have an impact on students' academic

achievement. AddaeBoahene and Akorful (2000), Boardman and Evans (2000), and

Nyarko (2011) conducted their research against this context. considered that in order

to aid in the alleviation of the difficulties that beset the educational system today,

Children should receive proper parenting in order to assist enhance the standard of

quality education. Parenting, according to them, is critical in building the correct

human resources who can participate in the National advancement. If the child's

cognitive develops favorably or poorly and has an impact, Education success is

strongly determined by the sort of parental care provided to the kid. (Ijhss 2018)

Single parenting is a societal challenge in many places throughout the world today. It

has evolved into a global issue that denies many school children the opportunity to

achieve academic greatness in their life, as well as an exceptional labor component for

country production and prosperity. The study's goal was to assess the consequences

of single parenthood on students' academic achievement at Sto. National trade school.

Literature Review

Single Parenting
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Single parenting is a significant issue worldwide. In recent years, there has been an

increase in the number of single-parent households. The trend has been associated

with numerous socio-economic factors, including divorce, death, teenage pregnancy,

and unmarried cohabitation. Single parenting affects different aspects of the parents’

and children’s lives, including emotional, social, and economic outcomes. One critical

area affected by single parenting is the academic performance of school-age children.

This literature review examines the effect of single parenting on the academic

performance of grade 10 students at SDNTS.

According to the National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP) report, children living

in single-parent households are at greater risk of experiencing economic hardship,

social and emotional problems, and poor academic outcomes. The report indicates

that only about 29% of single mothers have a high school diploma, compared to 40%

of all women. Additionally, the same report shows that children raised by single

parents have lower academic achievement and are less likely to graduate high school

than those from two-parent households. The academic achievement gap has been

attributed to various factors, including financial constraints, parental stress, and

instability, among others.

Effects of single parenting on academic performance

Studies have shown that the socio-economic status of a household is one of the most

reliable predictors of academic achievement. Single-parent households are generally

associated with low income, which results in poor academic outcomes. Parental
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income has been linked to academic performance and educational attainment.

Children from low-income families tend to have lower academic achievement than

those from high-income households. The effects of low income on academic

performance have been attributed to a lack of access to resources such as books,

computers, and educational materials. Lack of access to these resources in single-

parent households may be due to financial constraints, leading to lower academic

achievement.

A study by Berkel et al. (2011) investigated the role of socioeconomic status in the

academic performance of children in single-parent households. The study found that

children from low-income single-parent households had lower academic achievement

than those from high-income single-parent households. The researchers concluded

that children's socio-economic status impacted their academic achievement regardless

of their family structure.

Another factor that affects academic performance is parental stress. Single parenting

is associated with a higher level of stress than two-parent households. A study by

Kiernan and Mensah (2011) found that parental stress played a significant role in the

academic performance of children in single-parent households. The study found that

parental stress negatively affected the mother’s capacity to provide adequate emotional

and academic support to the children.

Parental involvement is also critical to academic performance. Single-parent

households may experience difficulties in providing adequate parental involvement

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due to time constraints and competing demands. The absence of a second parent may

result in inadequate supervision and guidance for the children, leading to poor

academic performance.

Single parenting is associated with various challenges, including financial constraints,

parental stress, and limited parental involvement. These factors have significant

effects on the academic achievement of children in single-parent households. Children

from single-parent households are more likely to experience low academic performance

than those from two-parent households due to the above factors. Addressing these

issues requires a multifaceted approach, including providing supportive programs that

that address financial needs, emotional support, and parenting skills.

Conceptual/Theoretical Framework

Albert Bandura-social learning theory

The main focus of social learning theory is to observe and imitate the behaviors,

emotions and attitude of others. Hence, it focuses on learning by means of observing

and modeling. Children do their initial interaction with their families, observe and

learn the actions of care givers [4]. In single parenting the child has only one parent to
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look at and copy its actions. It is very important and vital to have both parents so that

children may not fall in Oedipus complex.

According to Bandura, children learn behaviors from their families. If parents

are irresponsible in some manner the child will learn same. If parent haven’t built

trustworthy relationship with their children, there are higher probabilities that

children will face difficulties in forming good relationship with their surroundings.

Thus, a positive result can be accomplished only if parents demonstrate the kind of

behavior which they want their children to learn. (Juniperpublisher 2019).

Research Problems

This study will aim to know the effects of the single parenting on the academic

performances of grade 10 students at So. Domingo National Trade School.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.3 Gender;

1.4 Section;

2. What are the impact does the child of a single parent have on a person's

personality?

3. What is the academic performance of the respondents with single parent?

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Definition of Terms

Single parent- Single parent families consist of a parent and one or more dependent

children who do not have the presence and support of a spouse or adult partner who

shares parenting responsibilities.

Academic Performances- Academic performance is the measurement of student

achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and education officials

typically measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation rates, and

results from standardized tests.

Grade 10 students- It refers to the grade 10 learners of school year 2022-2023 at Sto.

Domingo National Trade School.

CHAPTER 2

METHODS

Research Design
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This study will utilize descriptive survey and examining the impact of single parenting.

This type of research design will be used in order to record the classroom situations in

a natural, uncontrolled, and non-manipulative manner.

Sampling and Participants

The respondents of this study will be the grade10 learners from Sto. Domingo National

Trade School. The researcher will use simple random sampling to select 5 per students

per section at Sto. Domingo national Trade school. This sample will be serving as the

total population of the said participants.

Instruments/Tools

This study will employ direct method of qualitative. A questionnaire was the profile of

the students in Sto. Domingo National Trade school grade 10 comprised such as:

What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, section,

what are the impact does the child of a single parent have on a person's personality,

What is the academic performance of the respondents with single parent Included

series of question on Impacts of single parenting; on the academic performances of

Grade 10 students in Sto. Domingo National Trade School.

Data Gathering Procedures

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After the validation of the instrument, the researcher secured the approval from the

research teacher of Sto. Domingo National Trade School. The researchers will explain

the purpose of the study to the selected students of Grade 10 students and they made

sure each student correspond to the question. They also collected the data by using

face to face survey questionnaire that comprises their Name (Optional) Age, Gender,

Section before the respondents answered the survey questions. The questions that we

provided to the students contains on what are the impact of having a single parent in

academics also the status of their mental health.

Data Analysis

The study of data analysis is an approach for getting facts and numbers together to

address a research issue. The data produced from research may be a qualitative

analysis based on the respondents' experiences. Action research will be utilized to

collect data in the form of a survey questionnaire. The researcher observes and

collects data on a situation that is being investigated in action research. If the scope of

the study or its results need to be revised, the researcher assesses the problem and

collects additional data. The basic purpose of action research is to plan, take action,

analyze data, and then generate reflection based on respondents' interpretations. The

data analysis process includes creating a summary conclusion based on the responses

of the individuals who participated. These data will be used by the researcher to
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address the study question on the preferences of grade 10 students in Sto. Domingo

National Trade School.

Ethical Procedures

1. Informed Consent: Before collecting data, researchers should explain the research’s

purpose and gai n respondent consent. Respondents should be informed about the

data collection process, how it will be used, and who will have be used, and who will

have access to it.

2. Anonymity: researcher can ensure anonymity by not collecting any identifying

information such as names, addresses, or other personal data. Partcipant’s responses

should only be identified by a code number or pseudonym.

3. Confidentially: Researchers should ensure confidentially by securing the data

collected and limiting acw

REFERENCES

Jennifer J. Lindwall, Brook A. Bailer, Brain P. Dali (2017). Single parent families

https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_2651
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Shumaila Khadim Ali and Sarmad Muhammad Soomar (2019). Single Parenting:
Understanding Reasons and Consequences

https://juniperpublishers.com/jojnhc/pdf/JOJNHC.MS.ID.555781.pdf

Berkel, C., Murry, V. M., Hurt, T. R., Chen, Y. F., Howe, G. W., Simons, R. L., &
Cutrona, C. E. (2009). It takes a village: Protecting rural African American youth in
the context of racism and poverty.

https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/it-takes-village-protecting-rural-
african-american-youth-context

Kiernan, K. E., & Mensah, F. K. (2009). Poverty, maternal depression, family status
and children’s cognitive and behavioural development in early childhood: A
longitudinal study.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/39706295_Poverty_Maternal_Depression_
Family_Status_and_Children's_Cognitive_and_Behavioural_Development_in_Early_Chil
dhood_A_Longitudinal_Study

Simon Ntumi, Felix Larbi & Linda Adjeibea Yirenkyi (2018). Effects of single
parenting on student’s academic performance: A case study at Amamoma Presbyterian
junior high school. https://ijhss.net/index.php/ijhss/article/download/112/43
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APPENDICES

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Name : Heowyn Seth B. Pamesa

Sex : Male
Age : 16
Birthday : December 08 2006
Civil status : Single
Nationality : Filipino
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EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY

Name of school : San Francisco Sto. Domingo Elementary School

School address : San Francisco

Year graduated : 2018-2019

Name : Jay-are Diso Espiritu

Sex : male
Age : 15
Birthday : june 28 2007
Civil status : single
Nationality : Filipino
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY
Name of school : Central school School
Address : malasin Santo Domingo N.E
Year graduated : 2018-2019

Name :Ian cafugawan

Sex : male

Age : 16

Birthday : feb 13,2007

Civil status : single

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STO. DOMINGO NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
BRGY. BALOC, STO. DOMINGO, NUEVA ECIJA

Nationality : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY

Name of school : felix t. Pascual

School address : baloc bulihan sto. Domingo

Year graduated : 2018-2019

Name : Bianca B. Dela Cruz

Sex : Female

Age : 16

Birthday : September 9

Civil status : Single

Nationality : Filipino

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

ELEMENTARY

Name of school : San pascual elementary school

School address : San Pascual Talavera

Year graduated : 2018-2019

Name : Luis Edward Dela Cruz

Sex : Male

Age : 17

Birthday : August 23,2005

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Civil status : Single

Nationality : Filipino

ELEMENTARY

Name of school : Baloc Elementary School

School address : Baloc Sto.Domingo Nueva Ecija

Year graduated : 2016-2017