Introduction to the

Cloud

Memi Lavi
www.memilavi.com
Before the cloud…

• If you needed a server, you had to:

• Buy it

• Install it

• Maintain it

• Replace it

• Have an IT team
Before the cloud…

• You often ended up with this:

Before the cloud…

• The same goes with:

• Networking

• Databases

• User Management

• And more…
Before the cloud…

• But there’s more…

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

60% CPU
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

120% CPU
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

20% CPU
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov

90% CPU
 Bought

% CPU

Wasted Money

Used

Time
Before the cloud…

• If you needed a server, you had to:

• Buy it

• Install it

• Maintain it

• Replace it

• Have an IT team
 Bought

% CPU

Wasted Money

Used

Time
The Cloud:

Compute, Networking, Storage and other services

Managed by SOMEONE ELSE

Cloud Providers

• Companies who build huge data centers

• Fill it with servers, networking, cooling, electricity etc.

• Design and install various services

• Make it publicly accessible

Data Center

Microsoft Azure Datacenter in Washington

Data Center

~100Ks physical servers / datacenter

Microsoft Azure Datacenter in The Netherlands

Cloud Services

• Clouds are huge and the competition is fierce

• Offer a lot of additional services:

• AI

• IOT

• Kubernetes

• And lots more…

In the cloud era…

• If you need a server, you can:

• Create it in the cloud within minutes

• Use it as you wish

• Pay for what you use

• Shut it down when not needed

• Automatically maintained, patched, secured, monitored

The Cloud:

Compute, Networking, Storage and other services

Managed by SOMEONE ELSE

5 Characteristics of Cloud Computing

On-Demand Self Service

Broad Network Access

Resource Pooling

Rapid Elasticity

Measured Service
 On-Demand Self Service

• No human interaction is needed for resource provisioning

• Resource can be provisioned (created) with a click of a button

• Provisioning is available 24/7

 Broad Network Access

• Resources can be accessed from anywhere using the network

• Ideally high broadband

• No physical access is required at any time

 Resource Pooling

• Physical resources are shared between customers

• The cloud’s backbone decides which physical resource to allocate

for a customer’s virtual services

• Some advanced cloud services allow for physical resource

separation
 Rapid Elasticity

• Resources can be scaled up and down as needed, automatically

• No need to purchase resources for a one-time peak scenario

 Measured Service

• Payment is done only for resources actually used

• Server time / DB storage / Function calls etc.

• Measurement usually done in high-resolution

• Server time by the second

• No need to invest money in non-used resources

Types of Cloud Services

IaaS PaaS SaaS

 IaaS

• Infrastructure as a Service

• The cloud provides the underlying platform

• Compute

• Networking

• Storage

• The client handles, and is responsible for all the rest

 IaaS

• Most common example:

• Virtual Machines

• The cloud provides the host machine, networking and disks

• The client creates the virtual (guest) machine, installs software on

it, patches it, maintains it etc.

 PaaS

• Platform as a Service

• The cloud provides platform for running apps

• Including: Compute, networking, storage, runtime environment,

scaling, redundancy, security, updates, patching, maintenance etc.

• The client just needs to bring the code to run

 PaaS

• Most common example:

• Web Apps

• The cloud provides the runtime for running web apps

• The client uploads the code, and it just runs

• The client has no access to the underlying virtual machines

 SaaS

• Software as a Service

• A software running completely in the cloud

• The user doesn’t need to install anything on-premises or on his

machine

• The provider of the software takes care of updates, patches,

redundancy, scalability etc.

 SaaS

• Common examples:
Source: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/cloud-adoption-framework/strategy/monitoring-strategy
Additional Service Types

• FaaS – Functions as a Service

• DBaaS – Database as a Service

• DaaS – Desktop as a Service

• IOTaaS – IOT as a Service

• AIaaS – AI as a Service
Types of Clouds

Public Private Hybrid

 Public Cloud

• The cloud is set up in the public network

• Managed by large companies

• Accessible through the internet

• Available to all clients and users

• Clients have no access to underlying infrastructure

Public Cloud
 Private Cloud

• A cloud set up in an organization’s premises

• Managed by the organization’s IT team

• Accessible only in the organization’s network

• Available to users from the organizations

• Uses private cloud infrastructure and engines

• Contains a subset of the public cloud’s capabilities

Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud

• A cloud set up in an organization’s premises…

• …but also connected to the public cloud

• Workload can be separated between the two clouds

• ie. Sensitive data in the organization’s premises, public data in the

public cloud

• Usually managed by the public cloud, but not always

Hybrid Cloud
We’re going to talk about…

Public Private Hybrid

Cloud Providers

• Companies which build datacenters and provide public cloud

services

• IaaS, PaaS, SaaS

• Other services
Main
Cloud Providers
Cloud Providers Growth

Q2 2020:
Cloud % Growth Azure is the fastest
AWS 29% growing public cloud,
Azure 47% for years
Google 43%
 Introduction to
Microsoft Azure

Memi Lavi
www.memilavi.com
• Microsoft’s public cloud

• Announced in October 2008

• Released in February 2010

• The 2nd largest public cloud

• Closing the gap…

• First focused on PaaS services

• To counter AWS’s IaaS focus

• Later added IaaS

• Currently offers the largest variety of cloud services

• Major clients:
Regions

• Microsoft built a lot of datacenters for Azure

• Each datacenters’ location is called Region

• There are ~60 Azure Regions (more than any other cloud)

• Almost every new resource in the cloud should be allocated to a

region
Source: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/global-infrastructure/geographies/
Zones

• Some of the regions have more than one physical datacenter

• Great for availability in case one datacenter fails

• Each datacenter is called Zone

• When there are more than one datacenter in a region, the region is

said to have Availability Zones

• Some cloud services benefit from Availability Zones

Source: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/global-infrastructure/geographies/
Paired Regions

• Some regions have designated pair region

• For increased availability

• When a full region fails – the other one can fill its place

• Relevant for some of the cloud services

• Pairs are set by Azure and cannot be changed

Source: https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/global-infrastructure/geographies/
Azure Services

• Everything that can be done in the cloud is called

Cloud Service
• ie. Creating VMs, building databases, set up networks, use AI

algorithms, using central user management etc.

Azure Services

• Go to:

https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/
DEMO

• Create trial account