The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.
It has 20 digital input/output pins
(of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs), a 16 MHz resonator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP) header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB
cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.
The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it features an ATmega16U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. This auxiliary
microcontroller has its own USB bootloader, which allows advanced users to reprogram it.
Transformer
Electronic transformers are designed especially for low-power applications. They are used in computers,
radio frequency (RF) devices, and lighting. Electronic transformers are used to insulate circuits and to
provide high to alternating-but-low impedance. They are also used to modify or maintain frequency
response and wave shape at varying potentials. Because electronic equipment uses electron tubes,
electronic transformers must provide appropriate bias voltage values for proper operation. Since weight
and space are important considerations in designing electronic equipment such as handheld devices,
electronic transformers are smaller and lighter than older power transformers.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystals in its primary form of
operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for consumers and businesses, as they can be
commonly found in smartphones, televisions, computer monitors and instrument panels.
LCDs were a big leap in terms of the technology they replaced, which include light-emitting diode (LED)
and gas-plasma displays. LCDs allowed displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube (CRT)
technology. LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas-display displays because they work on the
principle of blocking light rather than emitting it. Where an LED emits light, the liquid crystals in an LCD
produces an image using a backlight.
Push button
Push-Buttons are normally-open tactile switches. Push buttons allow us to power the circuit or make any
particular connection only when we press the button. Simply, it makes the circuit connected when
pressed and breaks when released. A push button is also used for triggering of the SCR by gate terminal.
These are the most common buttons which we see in our daily life electronic equipment’s. Some of the
applications of the Push button are mentioned at the end of the article.
As the name implies, the resistance of the variable resistor is changeable. It is easy to vary or change the
resistance of a variable resistor to a desired value. Variable resistors are mostly used when the user do
not know what exact resistance value does he want.The device, which not only restricts the flow of
electric current but also control (increase and decrease) the flow of electric current is called variable
resistor.
