An airfoil (American English) or aerofoil (British English) is a streamlined body that is capable of
generating significantly more lift than drag.[1] Wings, sails and propeller blades are examples of
airfoils.
The Longitudinal Axis (Roll) The longitudinal axis runs from the nose of the aircraft to the
tail. This is the axis around which the aircraft rolls
The Lateral Axis (Pitch) The lateral axis runs from wing tip to wing tip. The aircraft pitches
around this axis
The Vertical Axis (Yaw) The vertical axis is slightly different to the others, running vertically
through the center of the aircraft. The aircraft yaws around this axis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQ24NtnaLl8
Ailerons | Roll
The ailerons are located at the rear of the wing, one on each side. They work opposite to each
other, so when one is raised, the other is lowered. Their job is to increase the lift on one wing,
while reducing the lift on the other. By doing this, they roll the aircraft sideways, which
allows the aircraft to turn. If the pilot turns the control bar to the right, the right aileron moves
up and the left aileron moves down.
Axis of pitch: The axis around which an aircraft rotates when it pitches, typically
represented by an imaginary line running from nose to tail.
Elevator | Pitch
As the name implies, the elevator helps “elevate” the aircraft. It is usually located on the tail of the
aircraft and serves two purposes. The first is to provide stability by producing a downward force on
the tail. Airplanes are traditionally nose-heavy and this downward force is required to compensate for
that. The second is to direct the nose of the aircraft either upwards or downwards, known as
pitch, in order to make the airplane climb and descend
Axis of yaw: The axis around which an aircraft rotates when it yaws, typically
represented by an imaginary line running vertically through the aircraft's center
of gravity
Rudder | Yaw: The rudder is located on the tail of the aircraft. The rudder is a hinged
section at the rear of the vertical stabilizer. It works identically to a rudder on a boat,
steering the nose of the aircraft left and right.
Its main purpose is to counteract the drag caused by the lowered aileron during a turn. This
adverse yaw, as it is known, causes the nose of the airplane to point away, or outwards, from the
direction of the turn. The rudder helps to correct this by pushing the nose in the correct direction,
maintaining what is known as coordinated flight. A yaw motion is a side to side movement
of the nose of the aircraft
please explain: the aileron motion changes camber of the aircraft wing
Camber:
camber is the asymmetry between the two acting surfaces of an airfoil, with the top surface of a
wing (or correspondingly the front surface of a propeller blade) commonly being more convex
(positive camber).
Increased lift=increased wing camber=increased angle of attack
Decreased lift=Decreased wing camber= Decreased angle of attack
ANGLE OF ATTACK:
AIRCRAFT STALL:
An increase in angle of attack results in an increase in both lift and induced drag, up to a point.
Too high an angle of attack (usually around 17 degrees) and the airflow across the upper surface of the aerofoil
becomes detached, resulting in a loss of lift, otherwise known as a Stall.
The stall is a breakdown of the smooth airflow over the wing into a turbulent one, resulting in a decrease in lift.
The lift will no longer fully support the aeroplane's weight, and the aeroplane sinks.
Moment Arm
The datum is an arbitrary. point, established by aircraft designers that may vary in. location between different
aircraft. The distance from the datum to any component part or any object loaded on the aircraft is called the
arm.
The horizontal distance in inches from the reference datum line to the CG of an item
