Local Area Network
LANs connect computers and
peripheral devices in a limited
physical area, such as a business,
office, laboratory or college
campus by means of permanent
links (wires) that transmit data
rapidly.
A LAN consists of two or more
personal computer, printers and
high capacity disk storage device
called file servers, which enable
each computer on the network to
access a common of files.
HISTORY OF LAN
In the last 15 year, LAN6s have
gone from being an experimental
technology to becoming a key business
tool used by companies world wide.
Today’s LANs and LAN
internetworks are powerful, flexible and
easy to use. A LAN to really benefit an
organization it must be designed to
meet the organizations changing
communication requirements.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LAN
Easily resource sharing.7
Data transfer rate are high.
Small area covered by LAN
Cost of setting up the network is
usually low.
Flexibility, low error rates and
reliability of operation and simple
maintenance.
TYPES OF LAN
The three most common used
lans are:
1. Cable based LAN
2. Private Branch Exchange
(PBX)
3. Hierarchical networks
Cable base LAN:
the cable based LAN all the node are connected by
cable media and signals transmitted through the cables. Any
type of cable are used in LAN such as coaxial, twisted-pair and
fiber optical cable
Private branch exchange:
the private branch exchange many branches of
a companies connected by telephone lines.
Hierarchical networks:
In this network use of connecting media both
cable and telephone line.
LAN STANDARDS
In February 1980 the IEEE formed a
project called project 802 to help
define certain standards. The 802
specifications fall into 12
categories that are identified by
the 802 numbers;
802.1 Internetworking and
Management
802.2 Logical Link Control
802.3 Carrier Sense with Multiple
Access and Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD)
802.5 Token Ring LAN
802.6 Metropolitan Area Network
802.7 Broadband Technical
Advisory Group
802.8 Fiber-Optical Technical
Advisory Group
802.10 Networks Network Security
802.11 Wireless Network
802.12 Demand Priority Access
LAN
LAN PROTOCOLS
A LAN protocol is a set of rules for
communicatin between computers. Protocols
govern format, timing, sequencing and error
control. Without these rules, the computer can’t
make sense of the stream of incoming bits.
Three types of LAN protocol Polling, contention
and Token passing protocol.
LAN TOPOLOGY
LAN topologies define the manner in
which network devices are organized. Four
common LAN topologies exist;
Bus
Ring
Star
Tree
LAN TRANSMISSION METHODS
Commonly three LAN data transmissions methods
are;
Unicast
Multicast
Broadcast
UNICAST
In a unicast transmission a single packet is sent
from the source to a destination on a network.
MULTICAST
A multicast transmission consists of a single data
packet that is copied and sent to the specific subset of
nodes on the network.
BROADCAST
A broadcast transmission consists of a single
data packets that is copied and sent to all nodes on the
network.
Requirement for LAN Hardware
In addition to computers, the hardware
components needed to create LAN include the
PCs, printers, scanners etc.
Network cables
Cable Interface Unit
Network Interface Cards for each nodes
TYPES OF LAN MODELS
Lan’s can be two types:
Peer to peer
Client-Server based
LAN SOFTWARE
The primary software associated with
LAN is the network operating system. This
set of programs usually resides on the file
server and provides services for adding new
devices to the network, installing application
software, diagnosis network problems and
routing message
