Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

ART APPRECIATION
THE LANGUAGE OF ART • COMBINED ARTS
- mediums can be both seen and heard and
LANGUAGE OF ARTS which exist in both space and time
- Facilitates communication among those who
make and receive art PAINTING RELATED ARTS
- We understand art because we speak its - Mosaic Art
language and find it meaningful - Stained Glass
- Tapestry
• MEDIUM AND PROCESS/TECHNIQUE - Drawing
- Range of materials and artistic equipment - Printmaking
need to create form, as well as technique - Photography
- Technique: methods of using medium for
desired effects THE MEDIUM OF PAINTING (PIGMENT)

• ELEMENTS OF ART • ENCAUSTIC

- Line, color, value, mass, texture, volume, - Application of a mixture of beeswax, resin,
space, rhythm, melody, harmony, and ground pigment to any porous surface
dynamics, timbre as signifiers of meaning followed by the application of heat to set
the colors and bind them to the ground
• ORGANIZATION OF WORK - When the surface cools, it is polished with a
- How elements of art are organized in a cloth, giving the wax a soft luster that
scheme of relationships heightens its translucent qualities
- Balance, rhythm, or progression - Egyptian encaustic paintings

• STYLE • TEMPERA
- Unique ways in which form is presented - Paints that are earth or mineral pigments
- Given a range of media, techniques, mixed with egg yolk and egg white
elements, and ways of organizing the work, - Since the paint dries quickly, corrections
artists create form and represent reality in are difficult to make, thus, the artist using
vastly different ways this medium must plan his design well
- “The Birth of Venus” in 1485 - 1486
• SYMBOLS, ALLUSIONS, AND REFERENCES
- Myths, past and contemporary events, • FRESCO
personages, literary texts and others - Application of earth pigments mixed with
water on a plaster wall while the plaster is
MEDIUMS & TECHNIQUES OF THE ART damp
- Art has to exist in some medium to be - Color then sinks into the surface and
recognized as such becomes an integral part of the wall
- Image becomes permanently fixed and
MEDIUM – Material or means which the artist uses lasts as long as the wall exist
to objectify his feeling or thought - Sistine Chapel Fresco paintings
- “The Creation of Adam”
CLASSIFICATION OF ART IN RELATION TO MEDIUM
• WATERCOLOR
• VISUAL OR SPACE ART - A tempered paint made of pure ground
- Arts whose mediums can be seen and pigment bound with gum Arabic
which occupy space - Painters apply watercolor in thin, almost
- Two-dimensional arts (2D) transparent films
- Three-dimensional arts (3D) - The surface of paper then shows thorough,
giving a delicate, luminous texture to the
• AUDITORY OR TIME ART painting
- Arts whose mediums can be heard and - “Barung-barong” and “Sabungero” by
which are expressed in time Vicente Manansala
- Music - “Soldiers” by Cesar Legaspi
- Literature
“Who will you be is up to you.”
Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

• OIL - Each medium has inherent limitations, as well

- Pigment ground in linseed oil is applied to as potentials, for medium has its own way of
primed canvas behaving
- Since the paint is rather thick, it has to be
thinned with oils, turpentine, or any other THE ARTIST AND HIS TECHNIQUE
solvent before it is applied on canvas - A good artist makes his medium work for him to
- “Spolarium” by Juan Luna produce effects he cannot possibly attain by
- “Vírgenes Cristianas Expuesta al any other means
Populacho” by Felix R. Hidalgo - Technique is made up of an artist's knowledge
- “Planting Rice with Mayon Volcano” by of his medium and his skill in making it achieve
Fernando Amorsolo what he wants it to
- “Luksong-Tinik” by Vicente Manansala - Artists differ from each other in technique even
- “The Sketch” by Victorio Edades if they work with the same medium (a different
technique at another time for another
• ACRYLIC purpose)
- Synthetic paints using acrylic polymer - Technique is adapted as the needs arises
emulsions as binder are the newest - It is in use of technique that the artist differs from
mediums and the one that are widely used the craftsman (creativity enters into the work of
by today’s painters an artist)
- Advantages: - Artist uses technique only as a means to an
o Combine the transparency and end
quick drying characteristics of - Originality is what distinguishes an art from a
watercolor and the flexibility of oil craft – originality in expression, at least, for there
o Completely insoluble when dry is really no such thing as a completely original
o Can be used in almost any surface work of art
o Can be applied thinly with a water-
dipped brush or laid on in think “In judging a work of art, what matters is not so
impastos with a knife much the technical virtuosity of the artist as how
- “Morning Dance” by Cesar Legazpi well he has employed his means – medium and
- “Huling Hapunan” by Jose Blanco technique – to achieve his end.”
- “Koi Series” by Raphael Pacheco

THE ARTIST AND HIS MEDIUM MEDIUM OF PAINTING RELATED ARTS

- When an artist proceeds to give shape to his
vision, his first thoughts are on what medium to • MOSAIC ARTS
employ - Related to painting only because it creates
- No fixed rules governing the choice of pictures on flat surfaces
materials and processes to use; sometimes, the - Mosaics: wall or floor decorations made of
requirements of a patron or the nature of the small cubes or irregularly cut pieces of
work leaves the artist with no choice at all colored stone or glass called tesserae
- Often times, the matter of selecting the - The traditional mosaic technique consisted
medium is left entirely to the artist himself in embedding tesserae directly into a wall
An artist's choice of medium is usually of damp mortar, following a well-planned
influenced by such practical considerations as: design or cartoon
o the availability of material - An important feature of Byzantine churches
o the use to which the art object be put (i.e. Empress Theodora and her attendants
o the idea that he wants to found in San Vitale, Ravena, Italy
communicate - Altar design of Sta. Cruz Church in Manila
o the nature and special characteristics - Wall mosaic at the Victoria's Church on
of the medium itself Negros Occidental
- The nature of the medium determines the way - Floor design of the church of Holy Sacrifice
it can be worked and turned into a work of art in UP Diliman
- The nature of the medium also determines
what can be expressed through it
- Its medium has its own range of characteristics
which determine the physical appearance of
the finished product

“Who will you be is up to you.”

Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

• STAINED GLASS o Cartoon: meant to be a basis for

- Developed as a major art when it some other work like a tapestry or a
appeared as an important part of the relief paint
Gothic cathedral o Art Work: a finished work itself
- Serves many purposes: - drawing can be done with various
o Admitted much needed light that mediums (i.e. pencil, ink, pen, pastel,
was missing from the Romanesque charcoal, crayons, and silver paint)
churches
o A means of religious instructions, • PRINTMAKING
depicting scenes from the Bible and - Print: a graphic image that results from a
from the lives of the saints duplicating process
o Derives its effects from the - Involves the preparation of the master
variations in the light that shines image on a plate made of wood, metal, or
through it stone from which impression is taken
o A translucent glass colored by - The making of prints was originally resorted
mixing metallic oxides into molten to in order to make many faithful copies of
glass or by fixing them onto the a drawing
surface of the clear glass - Today, printmaking is an independent art,
o The glass is then cut into shapes as popular as painting and sculpture
determined by the artist’s design - Four major processes in printmaking:
o These pieces are finally assembled o Relief Printing: involves cutting
into the desired image and held away from a block of wood or
together by strips of lead linoleum the portions of the design
that the artist does not want to
• TAPESTRY show, leaving the design to stand
- Hangings found at the walls of palaces, out on the block (the uncut smooth
castles, and chapels in Europe as surface is then covered with ink,
decorations which, under pressure, leaves an
- These hangings added color to the drab impression on paper or cardboard);
interiors and also served to retain in the color prints are made with separate
room whatever heat was generated from block for each color
the fireplace o Intaglio Printing: exact opposite of
- Are fabrics into which colored designs have the relief printing; the design is
been woven. scratched, engraved, or etched
- In tapestry, the weaver closely follows a into a metal plate (the inched line
pattern, the actual size of the finished or depressed area is filled with ink,
tapestry, which is placed under the warp which, under considerable
threads on the loom pressure, leaves a sharp impression
- A shuttle is employed to weave each color on damp paper); burin: cutting tool;
thread used as weft over the area where aquatint or mezzotint etching
the color appears in the pattern o Planographic Process: (surface
painting) done from an almost
• DRAWING smooth surface which has been
- The most fundamental of all skills needed in treated chemically or mechanically
the arts so that some areas will print and
- All designed objects are first visualized in other will not (e.g. lithographic)
drawings before they are actually made o Stencil Process: done by cutting
- Kinds of drawings: designs out of special paper,
o Study: made for the sake of learning cardboard, or metal sheet in such a
how to draw some forms or as a way that when ink is rubbed over it,
means of investigating a particular the design is reproduced on the
detail of what may eventually surface beneath
become a larger composition
o Sketch: showing a general
organization or design of a product
being planned

“Who will you be is up to you.”

Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

• PHOTOGRAPHY - Shape in Painting

- Literally drawing or writing with light o Shape is an area on a flat surface
- A three-step process that involves the use enclosed by a line
of such equipment and materials as a o Stands out from the surface
camera fitted with a lens, shutter, and because of a difference in color,
diaphragm; filters; film (a special kind of value, or texture, or a combination
paper onto which the image is transferred); of these
and other materials for developing the o Joan Miro’s works
negative and producing the print
- Shape in Sculpture
- Three-step process of photography: o Three-dimensional, identified either
o Choosing a subject requires the as mass or as volume Mass: has
wise judgment and artistic sense of weight & solidity that can be lifted,
the photographer pushed, or viewed in the round
o Mechanical step Volume: mass that is structured or
o Chemical process has definite shape
o The fundamental unit in sculpture is
ELEMENTS OF THE VISUAL ARTS the single volume (e.g. Rajah
Soliman Monument in Malate Park
• LINE
- Man’s own invention; nonexistent in nature - Shape in Architecture
- Have many qualities which the artist o A house, a church, or an office
exploits (short or long, heavy or light, wavy building has a shape of its own,
or jagged, straight or curved) defined by walls and roof
- Artist uses lines to imitate or represent o The individual parts that compose a
objects and figures on a flat surface building have their own shapes
which add up to the shape of the
• SHAPE whole
- Our world is composed of a variety of o Its form or shapes depend upon the
shapes, some of which, because of materials and type of construction
constant use, have gained permanent used
meaning
- Can be used to simplify ideas • TEXTURE
- Classified according to their sources, - Feel or tactile quality of the surface of the
shapes may be natural, abstract, non- object
objective, or geometric - An art may have texture which we can
o Natural Shapes: those we see in describe in much the same way
nature (shapes of men, animals, or - For the sculptor and architect. Texture
trees); may be interpreted results chiefly from the physical properties
realistically or they may be distorted of the materials they use
o Abstract Shapes: formed after the - Sculptor consciously produces texture even
artist has drawn out the essence of when he seems to neglect it
the original object and made it the - “Flagellant” by Solomon Saprid
subject of his work (e.g. Brancussi’s - “Starry Night” by Vincent Van Gogh
Bird in Space)
o Non-objective (biomorphic) • COLOR
Shapes: seldom have reference to - Not a permanent property of things we see
recognizable objects, but most around us
often they show a similarity to some - Derived from light, whether natural (like
organic forms (e.g. HR Ocampo’s sunlight) or artificial (like fluorescent light)
abstractions) - Series of wavelength which strike our retina
o Geometric Shapes: some buildings o Every ray of light coming from the
that look like geometric solids – sun is composed of different waves
pyramids, cylindrical towers, and which vibrate in different speeds
box-like office buildings o The ray of light will break up and be
seen on a sheet of white paper as
bands of different colors

“Who will you be is up to you.”

Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

o In sculpture, color is linked to the

material chosen by the sculptor.
Sometimes, it is used in sculpture as
a purely decorative element

• VALUE
- A tonal relationships between light and
dark areas of a painting
- Also referred to as “tone”
- An element that must be considered in
relation to other elements
- Show some value contrast
- Shadows and highlights create the illusion
of roughness or smoothness
- Also used in the creation of texture
- Physical Properties of Color: - May also result from a blending of some
o Hue: the quality which gives a color elements
its name; the colors of the spectrum - Sometimes, value may be treated
o Value: the lightness or darkness of a independently
color; adding neutrals to any hue o In paintings, patterns resulting from
results in changing the quantity of tonal shapes appear as lights and
light it reflects (neutrals, primary shadows which camouflage the
colors, secondary colors, and outlined colored forms
intermediate color)
o Intensity or Saturation: the strength - May be used to:
of the color’s hue; the quality of a o Create the illusion of form: tonal
color (hues become less intense or gradations are often used to
dull when pigments are mixed with express surface changes resulting in
them); when gray is added, the the creation of forms (Renaissance
result will be a variation in intensity painters represented their pictorial
without any change in value images as free-standing solid forms
so that they seem to have the
- Uses of Colors weight and volume within the
o May give spatial quality to the picture space)
pictorial field: give three o Break up the picture surface into
dimensional quality or create patterns of dark into patterns of dark
interest through the and light: Children express their
counterbalance of backward and concepts of people, place and
forward movements things by drawing their composite
o May create a mood and symbolize figures without any regard for light
ideas and express personal effects. They are concerned only
emotions: different hues on the with a selection of appearances,
color spectrum, often used to not so much with spatial depth.
symbolize ideas or abstract Therefore, their works appear as 2D
qualities, have different emotional characterized by certain “flatness”
impacts; the value and intensity of o Create the illusion of light space
colors create mood and movement
o Has the ability to arouse sensations o Express emotions: A painting where
of pleasure because of a well- there is a preponderance of dark
ordered system of tonality: color areas cannot but show an
provokes physical sensations atmosphere of gloom, mystery, or
drama, while another one that has
- Color is not exclusive to painting a predominantly lighted area
o In architecture, materials used in a produces the opposite effect
building have their own integral
color which the architect takes into
account when they design a
building
“Who will you be is up to you.”
Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

- Chiaroscuro: the technique which 4. Contrast

concentrates on the effects of blending 5. Unity
light and shade on objects to create an 6. Variety
illusion of space and atmosphere 7. Harmony
- Tenebrism: the style of painting which 8. Movement
exaggerates the effects of Chiaroscuro 9. Rhythm
(The painters make use of a larger amount 10. Repetition
of dark areas beside smaller areas of light 11. Pattern
for emphasis
ELEMENTS OF THE AUDITORY ART
• SPACE AND MOVEMENT
- Space: exists as an “illusion” in the graphic 1. Rhythm
arts, but in sculpture and architecture it is 2. Melody
actually present 3. Harmony
- Types of Space in Painting: 4. Tone Color
o Decorative Space: A depthless space 5. Texture
exists across the plane rather than in it 6. Form
o Plastic Space: the third dimension
which is a matter of “illusion” in the ART STYLES
case of painting
• ABSTRACT
ARTWORK ANALYSIS - Abstract artists felt that paintings did not
- The analytic study of how the various elements have to show only things that were
and material features of the art work produce recognizable
meaning should lead to a more stable and - In their paintings, they did not try to show
consensual field of meaning leading to a people, animals, or places exactly as they
better understanding of an artwork by an appeared in the real world
ordinary audience or viewer - They mainly used color and shape in
their paintings to show emotions
BASIC DOCUMENTARY INFO OF AN ARTWORK - Some abstract art is also called non-
objective art
1. Title of the Work - You don’t see specific objects
2. Name of the Artist - Not painted to look like something
3. Medium and Technique
4. Measurement or Dimension • CUBISM
5. Date of the Work - Modern art made up mostly of paintings
6. Provenance - Paintings are not supposed to look real
- Artist uses geometric shapes to show what
FOUR PLANES OF ANALYSIS he is trying to paint
- Early cubists used mainly grays, browns,
1. Semiotic Plane greens, and yellows
2. Iconic Plane - After 1914. Cubists started to use
3. Contextual Plane brighter colors
4. Axiological (evaluative) Plane - Was the beginning of the Abstract and
Non-objective art styles
PRINCIPLES OF ART
• EXPRESSIONISM
Principles of Design - In Expressionist art, the artist tries to express
- Refers to the visual strategies used by artists, in certain feelings about something
conjunction with the visual elements of arts - for - Artists that painted in this style were more
expressive purposes concerned with having their paintings
express a feeling than in making the
1. Balance painting look exactly like what they were
a. Symmetrical painting
b. Asymmetrical
c. Radial Symmetry
2. Scale and Proportion
3. Emphasis
“Who will you be is up to you.”
Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

• FAUVISM • SURREALISM
- An art style that lasted only four years, - Generally based on dreams
beginning in 1905 - Filled with familiar objects which were
- Henri Matisse: leader of the movement painted to look strange or mysterious
- Fauvism: French word for “wild beasts” - They hoped their odd paintings would
- Got this name because the paintings make people look at things in a different
had bright and unusual colors way and change the way they felt about
- Subjects in the paintings were shown in a things
simple way, and the colors and patterns - They thought that their paintings might stir
were bright and wild up feeling in the back of people’s mind

• IMPRESSIONISM ARTIST AND ARTISAN

- Developed in France during the late 19th
and early 20th centuries ARTIST
- These pieces of art were painted as if
someone just took a quick look at the - Defined as an “art practitioner"
subject of the painting o Visual Artist: Painter & Sculptor
- Usually in bold colors and did not have a lot o Dancer and Choreographer
of detail o Writer
- Usually outdoor scenes like landscapes o Poet
- Painted to look like they were shimmering o Musicians
o Performing Artists
• POINTILISM
- Artist uses small dots or strokes of paint to - Produces or created indirectly functional arts
make up the pictures with aesthetic value using imagination
- From far away, these dots blend together - Provides us with paintings, sculptures, dances,
to form the picture and give the impression music, literary pieces, and so on, as a means of
of different colors as they blend together provoking our thoughts, ideas, and emotions
that are necessary to discover ourselves and
• POP ART our being
- Can be any everyday item that is drawn in
a brash and colorful way - Creative individuals who use their imaginations
- Short for Popular Art and skills to communicate in an art form
- Inspired by comic strips, advertising, and - Uses materials (mediums) of an art to solve
popular entertainment visual problems, as they look to many sources
for inspiration
• POSTIMPRESSIONISM - Some look forward to their natural and cultural
- Began in the 19th century environment for sources; others look within
- Was mainly still lifes and landscapes themselves for creative motivation
- Postimpressionists liked to use lots of colors
and shadows - Exhibit the courage to take risks
- Able to see their surroundings in new and
• PRIMITIVISM unusual ways
- Primitive Art - Willing to work intensely for long periods of time
- Looks like art done by a child to achieve their goals
- Usually painted very simply and the - Some are self-taught and have been called
subjects are “flat” or two-dimensional folk artists because they are not educated in
traditional artistic methods or learned from fine
• REALISM arts schools
- Type of art that shows things exactly as they
appear in life - Job responsibilities of an artist:
- Began in the 18th century, but the greatest o Developing ideas for a canvas or product
Realist era was in the mid-19th century o Selecting a medium for a final work,
- Most realists were from France, but there including texture, size, or area
were some famous American painters who o Collecting work for a portfolio
were also Realists o Applying for grants for financial support

“Who will you be is up to you.”

Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

ARTISAN - A form of crafting stories or transforming brief

moments into image or symbols
- Is a craftsman - Is connecting with people, understanding
o Carpenter culture, and embodying tolerance and peace
o Carver - An exploration and application of imagination
o Plumber in an active way
o Blacksmith
o Weaver - Can be an innate gift or learned skill, or a
o Embroiderer combination of both
- Produces directly functional and/or decorative - Has no time reference; occurs anytime
arts - Takes place when one engages in real time
and life, dreaming, or imagining in the
- Helps us in meeting our basic need, such as middle of a household chores, traveling, or
food, clothing, dwelling, furniture, and even any other work
kitchen utensils
- Craft everything that makes our life easy - Occurs where there is an engagement among
- Artisan’s works are useful, relevant, and the person, time, and space
essential in our everyday life
• IMAGINATION
- Basically a physical worker who makes object - An important tool in developing an artwork
with his or her hands, and who, through skill, - Is where the substance and the meaning of
experience, and ability, can produce things of the artwork are formed
great beauty, as well as usefulness - We utilize imagination or inspiration to
connect with the soul
- Just like the artists, artisans learn skills and
techniques from some other artists but - INTENTION OF SOULMAKING: to develop the
eventually, both artists and artisans, develop artist in us, awakening the art in us that has
their own unique styles been stagnant or underdeveloped for
numerous years
- Job responsibilities of an artisan:
o Using and mixing mediums like paint, metal • CATEGORIES OF SOULMAKING
glass, or fabric
o Shaping, gluing, sewing, testing, and 1. CRAFTING IMAGES
producing products - Refers to imaging or representing in any
o Displaying works at various sites including form, which may be through painting,
auctions, craft shows or online markets sculpting, drawing, storytelling, poetry,
o Estimating costs and material needs dancing, composing, or taking notes

ARTIST VS ARTISAN 2. CRAFTING STORIES

- The moment we write, engrave, and
“For the artisan, craft is an end of itself. For the artist, inscribe our own thoughts, ideas,
craft is the vehicle for expressing your vision. Craft commentaries, criticisms, and positive
is the visible edge of art.” (Bayles, 2020) and negative emotions, we are crafting
stories
- Stories can be presented in any form –
SOULMAKING (ARTMAKING) image, words, objects, and musical
- Primarily based on drawing out or depicting composition
the experiences and practice in an individual
and transforming these into images either into 3. CRAFTING INSTRUMENTS
a painting, a sculpture, a composition, a - An instrument maker is a bridge toward
production, or any other art form the unknown because the instrument
- An alternative venue for knowing ourselves produces sounds that transcend our
and looking into the depths and real meaning feelings, emotions, and sensation in
of what we are doing for our everyday life another realm (Narciso, 2016)
(Narciso, 2012)

“Who will you be is up to you.”

Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

4. CRAFTING MOVEMENTS 7. Connesione (Systems Thinking): a

- Our life is full of movements; it is filled recognition of and appreciation for the
with various beats interconnectedned of all things and
- Life is full of flowing images phenomeno: systems thinking
accompanied by flowing narrative
- Everything we do in life is a APPROPRIATION
performance; we perform life - Borrowing images that are recognizable from
different sources and using these borrowed
5. CRAFTING TECHNIQUES images to make a new art form
- Anything can be crafted by using
different evocative descriptions of - A means of experimentation by changing
experiences and explorations, like context around the borrowed images and
photograph studies, puppets and objects
masks, constructions, and notepad - Do not mean stealing or plagiarizing
studies - Not owning a particular work but just using
the artwork in the artist’s new context

• SEVEN DA VINCIAN PRINCIPLES (A FRAMEWORK - Allows the viewers to recognize the origin of
FOR GENIUS) borrowed images, as well as the original
- Leonardo da Vinci was a man of many context
talents, a polymath, just like the others - Different from copying or forgery
included in the list of the world’s greatest - Considers the fact that the viewer should be
geniuses able to recognize the original source of the
- One thing that separates him from the rest object or image, as well as its meaning
is the fact that he was also an inventor of - Two ways to appropriate artworks:
many things o Artists can appropriate artistic content,
- His work ethic followed 7 principles which which includes artistic elements such as
he suggested were the key to success motifs, styles, genres, and similar elements,
and complete artworks
1. Curiosita (Curiosity): an insatiably curious o Appropriation of art can also be done by
approach to life and an unrelating quest individuals who adopt items that they
for continuous and constant learning consider to be artworks, especially tangible
creations of one culture
2. Dimonstrazione (Experiential): commitment
and dedication to test knowledge through • CULTURAL APPROPRIATION
experience, persistence, and willingness to - Refers to “appropriation that occurs across
learn from mistakes the boundaries of culture”
- Means that a person with a certain culture
3. Sensazione (Sensory): continual refinement takes objects created by a person or a
of the senses, especially sight, as the means group of people of another culture, and
to enliven experiences uses these objects as his or her own

4. Sfumato (Transfiguration): willingness to - Types of Cultural Appropriation:

embrace ambiguity, paradox, and
uncertainty 1. OBJECT APPROPRIATION: appropriation of
concrete and noticeable works of art
5. Arte/Scienza (Balancing Art & Science): 2. SUBJECT APPROPRIATION: occurs when a
development of the balance between subject matter from another culture is
science and art, logic and imagination: appropriated
“whole brain” thinking 3. CONTENT APPROPRIATION: adoption of
works of art the are intangible
6. Corporalita (Balancing Mind & Body): a. STYLE APPROPRIATION: artists involved in
cultivation of grace, ambidexterity, fitness, the style appropriation do not replicate
and poise the works created by a person or a
group of people from another culture,
rather, they use the elements from
those works from another culture in
creating their own works
“Who will you be is up to you.”
Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

b. MOTIF APPROPRIATION: happens when - In giving the award, there are two aspects of
artists are inspired by the art from a reputation that we need:
different culture, but they do not o “Recognition refers to an esteem credit
produce artworks using exactly the given to an artist’s best performance in the
same style art world. Its success is based on what other
artists in the art world say or critique”
IMPROVISATION (Becker, 1982)
- Defined as the art and act of improvising or of o A renown artist signifies a more
composing, uttering, executing, or arranging cosmopolitan form of recognition beyond
anything without previous preparation or the esoteric circles in which the artist moves
producing something from whatever is existing - It is not only enough that an artist is
or available known to a limited number of people
within the art world, but also, he or she
- In the performing arts, improvisation is a very should also be known “outside” of the
spontaneous performance without specific or art world
scripted preparation - His or her artwork or masterpiece should
- In music, it engages creativity and imagination also make a considerable amount of
impact to everybody else
- In theater arts, a performer may play dramatic
scenes without any written dialogue and with
minimal or prearranged dramatic activity RECOGNITION & AWARD FOR ARTIST AND ARTISAN

- Can be thought of as an “on the spot” (at the 1. GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (GAMABA)
moment) or “off the cut” (impromptu) NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD
spontaneous moment of sudden - Was institutionalized in 1992 through the
resourcefulness or inventiveness that can just Republic Act No. 7335
come or pop up to mind, body, and spirit as a - The National Commission for Culture and
stimulation since no preparation or training is the Arts (NCCA), which is the highest policy-
needed making and coordinating body of the
Philippines for culture and the arts, was
- Can take place as a solo performance, or inter- tasked with the implementation
dependently in ensemble with other players
- Conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group
of Filipino citizens engaged in any
AWARDS AND CITATIONS traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose
- Award: Something that is conferred or distinctive skills have reached such a high
bestowed especially on the basis of merit of level of technical and artistic excellence
need (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) and have been passed on to and widely
- In the case of artists and artisans, they are practiced by the present generations in
qualified of being awarded because of the his/her community with the same degree of
numbers of years they practice their craft; technical and artistic competence
likewise, they have provided jobs to others and
have proven their sense of nationalism - Was first conferred to three outstanding
translated into noble and tangible actions artists in music and poetry back in 1993
o Ginaw Bilog: a master of Ambahan
- A reputation from the sociological point of view poetry
is an objective social fact, a prevailing o Masino Intaray: a master of various
collective definition based on what the traditional musical instruments of the
relevant public “knows” about the artist (Lang Palawan people
& Lang, 1988) o Samaon Sulaiman: a master of Kudyapi
- That’s why, in the process of selecting an and other instruments
awardee’s reputation will also be
scrutinized
- It is because the integrity of the award and
the institution giving it may be
compromised if an award is given to
someone who has a questionable
reputation

“Who will you be is up to you.”

Mhinaaaa’s Reviewer MIDTERMS Second Semester

2. NATIONAL ARTIST AWARD

- Order of the National Artists / Orden ng
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining
- Considered to be the highest national
recognition for Filipino individuals who have
made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine Arts, namely,
visual arts, music, dance, theater, literature,
film, broadcast arts, and architecture &
allied art

- Jointly administered by the National

Commission for Culture and the Arts
(NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the
President of the Philippines upon the
recommendation by both institutions
(NCCA, 2015)
- Painter Fernando Amorsolo: the very first
recipient of this award, who was touted at
the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art
- He was the sole awardee in the year
1972, a National Artist for Visual Arts

“Who will you be is up to you.”