MCDONALDIZATION = fast paced life culture.

One important critique of cultural

imperialism is John Tomlinson’s idea of
Heterogeneity on the other hand pertains to the creation deteritorializaton of culture. This means that it is
of various cultural practices, new economies, and political more difficult now to tie culture to a specific
groups because of the interaction of elements from geographic point of origin.
different societies in the world. It refers to the differences
because of either lasting differences or of the hybrids or
combinations of cultures that can be produced through  According to Nayan Chanda (2007), it is because of
the different trans plenary processes. our basic human need to make our lives better that
- adopting in own setting made globalization possible. Therefore, one can trace
- cosplay from japan - glocalization the beginning of globalization from our ancestors in
Africa who walked out from the said continent in the
Dynamics of Local and Global Culture late Ice Age. The long journey finally led them to all
Global flows of culture tend to move more easily known continent today, roughly after 50,000 years.
around the globe than ever before, specially through non-  Chanda (2007) mentioned that commerce, religion,
material digital forms. There are three perspectives on politics, and warfare are the urges of people toward a
global cultural flows. These are: better life. These are respectively connected to for
aspects of globalization and can be traced all
Cultural Differentialism throughout history.
 emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially
different and are only superficially affected by global Origins and History of Globalization
flows. The Five Perspectives regarding the origins of
 Samuel Huntington’s theory on the clash of globalization:
civilization proposed in 1996 best exemplifies this 1. Hardwired
approach. According to him, after the Cold War, According to Nayan Chanda (2007), it is because of our
political-economic differences were overshadowed basic human need to make our lives better that made
by new fault lines, which were primarily cultural in globalization possible.
nature. Increasing interaction among different - manners by nature
civilizations would lead to intense clashes, especially - insatiable/insatiability
the economic conflict between the Western and Sinic
civilizations and the bloody political conflict between 2. Cycles
the Western and Islamic civilization. Globalization is a long-term process and thus, finding its
origin will be a daunting task.
- lead us to political and economic conflict
- China and Philippines claim in West Philippine Sea 3. Epoch
- hate towards other beliefs/religions Ritzer (2015) cited Therborn’s (2000) six epochs of
globalization. These are also called WAVES OF
Cultural Hybridization GLOBALIZATION and each has its own origin. Today,
 approach emphasizes the integration of local and globalization is not unique if this is the case. The
global cultures (Cvetkovich and Kellner, 1997). difference of this view from the second view (Cycle) is that
Globalization is considered to be a creative process it does not treat epochs as returning. The following are
which gives rise to hybrid entities that are not the sequential occurrence of the epochs:
reducible to either the global or the local. Globalization of Religion
- you alter, choose only on your preferences European Colonial Conquest
- LGBTQ (new belief) = Catholics (traditional catholic faith) Intra-European Wars
Heyday of European Imperialism
Cultural Convergence Post World War 2 - globalization in America
 approach stresses homogeneity introduced by Post Cold War Period
globalization. Cultures are deemed to be radically
altered by strong flows, while cultural imperialism 4. Events
happens when one culture imposes itself on and Specific events are also considered as part of this view in
tends to destroy at least parts of another culture. explaining the origin of globalization.
- Chinese + Filipino (accepted) by both family/culture 5. Broader, More Recent Change
 According to John Tomlinson, what is the assumption Recent changes comprises the last view. These broad
or very difficult to tie? changes happened in the last half of the twentieth
 Cultural convergence approach stresses homogeneity century. Scholars today point to these three notable
introduced by globalization. Cultures are deemed to changes as the origin of globalization as we know it today.
be radically altered by strong flows, while cultural They are as follows:
imperialism happens when one culture imposes itself
on and tends to destroy at least parts of another 1. The emerge of the United States as the global power
2. The emergence of multinational corporations  Global investment
3. The demise of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold
War The United Nation’s Eight Millennium Goals
1. Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger
Demography is the branch of social sciences concerned 2. Achieving universal primary education
with the study of human populations, their structure and 3. Promoting gender equality and women empowerment
change (through births, deaths, and migration), and their 4. Reducing child mortality
relationship with the natural environment and with social 5. Improving maternal health
and economic change. Demographic indicators could 6. Combating diseases like HIV/AIDS and Malaria
include population size, population growth rate, crude 7. Ensuring environmental sustainability
birth rate, crude death rate, total fertility rate, life 8. Having global partnership for development
expectancy, and infant mortality.
In the Philippines, a person is officially living in poverty
GLOBAL POPULATION line if he makes less than P100, 534.00 a year, around
7.8 billion people as of March 2020. It took over 200,000 P275.00 a day. This is called the poverty line or poverty
years of human history for the world's population to reach threshold.
1 billion, and only 200 years more to reach 7 billion. Extreme or absolute poverty is living on less than S1.25 a
Factors: 1. Advancement of Technology, Medicine, day (UN 2015).
Science; 2. Prolong the lifespan; blooming of late fertility
Economic globalization refers to the increasing
PHILIPPINES POPULATION (Estimated Population) interdependence of world economies as a result of the
109,581,078 1.41 % growing scale of cross border trade commodities and
services, a flow of international capital, and wide and
Birth and Death Rate - determine population rapid spread of technologies.
1B - 2000years and 7B 200years
There are two different types of economies associated
GLOBAL MIGRATION with economic globalization. They are:
Human migration is the movement of people from one 1. Protectionism and
place to another with the intentions of settling, 2. Trade Liberalization
permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic Protectionism means “a policy of systematic
region). government intervention in foreign trade with the
objective of encouraging domestic production.
Factors that Traditionally Govern Migration (Ritzer, 2015): Trade liberalization (Free Trade) on the other
(LABOR) hand is the removal or reduction of restrictions
or barriers on the free exchange of goods
1.Push Factor – Political persecution, economic between nations.
depression, war, and famine in the home country Free Trade - international trade left to its natural course
2.Pull Factor – Favorable immigration policy, a labor without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions
shortage, and a similarity of language and culture in the
country of destination ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Development, specially economic development, was
Illegal immigration refers to the migration of people into a hastened by the industrial revolution. This is the period in
country in violation of the immigration laws of that human history that made possible the cycle of efficiency.
country, or the continued residence of people without the This means finding the quickest possible way of producing
legal right to live in that country large amounts of a particular product. This process made
buying of goods easier for people. Then there would be an
A diaspora is a scattered population whose origin lies in a increase in demand. Ultimately, there was an increase in
separate geographic locale. Historically, the word diaspora efficiency.
was used to refer to the involuntary mass dispersion of a
population from its indigenous territories, in particular the The aforementioned cycle harms the planet in a number
dispersion of Jews. of ways. For instance, the earth’s atmosphere is damaged
- Binondo Manila ( CHINA TOWN ) by more carbon emissions from factories around the
world. Another example is the destruction of coral reefs
The global economy refers to the interconnected and marine biodiversity as more and more wastes are
worldwide economic activities that take place between thrown in to the oceans. Many experts do not think that
multiple countries. the planet can sustain a growing global economy.
- comprises several characteristics, such as: Deforestation, pollution, and climate change will not
 Globalization adjust for us, specially if it increases the living standards
 International trade that lead people to demand more consumer goods like
 International finance cars, meat, and smartphones.
FOOD SECURITY Modernization theory is used to explain the process of
The demand for food will be 60% greater than it is today modernization within societies. Modernization refers to a
and the challenge of food security requires the world to model of a progressive transition from a 'pre-modern' or
feed 9 billion people by 2050 (Breene, 2016). Global food 'traditional' to a 'modern' society. Modernization theory
security means delivering sufficient food to the entire originated from the ideas of German sociologist Max
world population. It is, therefore, a priority for all Weber (1864–1920), which provided the basis for the
countries, whether developed or less developed. The modernization paradigm developed by Harvard sociologist
security of food also means the sustainability of society Talcott Parsons (1902–1979).
such as population growth, climate change, water
security, and agriculture. Walt Rostow’s Stages of Modernization
1. Traditional Stage
Economic Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality 2. Take-Off Stage
“ The 1 to 2 Billion poorest in the world who do not have 3. Technological Maturity
food for the day suffer from the worst disease, 4. High Mass Consumption
globalization deficiency. The way globalization is occurring
could be much better, but the worst thing is not being part 1. Traditional Stage - this refers to societies that are
of it.” - Hans Rosling structured round small, local communities with production
typically done in family settings. Because these societies
Economic globalization has helped millions of people get have limited resources and technology, most of their time
out of extreme poverty. But the challenge of the future is is spent on laboring to produce food.
to lift up the poor while at the same time keep the planet  Produce own goods and services
livable. One of the best ways to help those in poverty is
to enable them to participate in the economy. This 2. Take-Off Stage - this is when people begin to move
applies to developing countries in the global marketplace beyond the necessities and therefore creates new markets
and to individuals at the local level. for trade.
 Surplus, market starts - economic growth
The Third World and the Global South
(CLASSIFICATION OF WORLD) 3. Technological Maturity - in here, technological growth
of the earlier periods begin to bear fruit in the form of
1. First World Countries - “THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES” population growth, reductions in absolute poverty levels,
WESTERN CAPITALIST COUNTRIES and more diverse job opportunities.
Rich countries: US, CANADA, JAPAN, AUTRALIA  Things start to advance, internet, reduction of
poverty
2. Second World Countries
SOVIET UNION AND ITS ALLIES 4. High Mass Consumption it is when the country is big
COMMUNISM enough that production becomes more bout wants than
- they disappeared needs. Many of these countries put social support systems
in place to ensure that all of their citizens have access to
3. Third World Countries “THE DEVELOPING ONES” basic necessities.
Poor ones  Production income
Many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America  Engage in economic maturity
 Linking itself to other
The Global City  Import and export
 NEW YORK  Countries performing better
(BUSINESS) banks, firms, financial institutions
 LONDON CAPITAL = FUEL (foreign aid)
(MONARCHY) (POLITICS) ( FASHION) royal families Human capital
 JAPAN Financial “
(TECHNOLOGY PRESENT) Technological “

Stratification refers to the range of social classes that

result from variations in socioeconomic status

Global stratification refers to the hierarchical

arrangement of individuals and groups in societies around
the world.
Global inequality refers to the unequal distribution of
resources among individuals and groups based on their
position in the social hierarchy.