CHAPTER 4

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

CUET BASED QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. Biological factors which influence our behavior are

a. Faulty genes b. Endocrine balance c. Malnutrition d. All the above

2. ‘At risk’ people fall into which category or model of abnormal behavior.
a. Psychodynamic b. Behavioral model c. Cognitive model d. Diathesis –stress model

3. Alogia means:
a. Strange taste of drink b. Poverty of speech c. Smell of poison d. Smell of smoke

4. Karthik remains motionless and silent for long stretches of time has_____________.
a. Catatonic stupor b. Catatonic rigidity c. Catatonic posturing

5. A person believes s/he is going to be the next president. Identify which kind of delusion
each of these is?
a. Delusion of grandeur c. Delusion of persecution
b. Delusion of reference d. Delusion of control

6. Match the order:

I. Hoarding A) Skin picking
II. Trichotillomania B) Collecting objects
III. Excoriation C) Hair -pulling
Options
a. I-C, II-B, III-A
b. I-B, II-C, III-A
c. I-A, II-C, III-B
7. _______________ is the term used when people develop a fear of entering unfamiliar
situations.
a. Social Phobia b. Specific Phobia c. Anxiety d. Agoraphobia

8. Low activity of serotonin can lead to which disorder?

a. Depression b. Anxiety c. Schizophrenia d. Bipolar disorder

9. When a patient feels something happening inside their body such as a snake crawling
inside one’s stomach in the absence of actual stimuli, it shows that he/she is suffering
from which hallucination
a. Gustatory b. Tactile c. Somatic d. Olfactory

10. Leela just doesn’t enjoy doing much of anything lately. She has lost interest in food and
all activities. She seems agitated most of the time and is unable to think clearly. She stays
in bed most of the days. If these symptoms get prolonged, she may be diagnosed as
having
a. OCD b. Schizophrenia c. Major depressive disorder d. Social Phobia

11. Both normal and abnormal behaviours are learned

a. Psychodynamic b. Behavioural c. Cognitive d. Psychological model

12. Recurrent dreams, flashbacks, impaired concentration, and emotional numbing followed
by a traumatic or stressful event like a natural disaster, serious accident, etc.
a. OCD b. PTSD c. GAD d. Panic disorder

13. The person exhibits two or more separate and contrasting personalities associated with a
history of physical abuse.
a. Dissociative amnesia b. Dissociative fugue c. DID d. Depersonalization

14. ‘No emotions at all’ is the negative effect of Schizophrenia, categorizes under
a. Alogia b. Flat affect c. Blunted affect d. Avolition
 15. People unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a set of actions are
affected by :
a. Manic depressive disorder b. Somatic symptom disorder c. Panic disorder d. OCD

16. Sunil has a loss of interest in activities, poor sleep and appetite and exhibits excessive
guilt. He is suffering from
a. Somatic symptom b. OCD c. Major depressive disorder d. GAD

17. GAD is more common in ______, while ADHD is more common in ________.
a. educated people, uneducated people c. uneducated people, educated people
b. females, males d. Males, females

18. Hallucinations are classed as a ________ symptom of schizophrenia.

a. Positive b. Negative c. Psychomotor d. Transitive

19. Rahul experiences short episodes of acute and overwhelming apprehension or terror. He
is experiencing a:
a. Parasympathetic discharge b. Panic attack c. Phobia d. Generalised anxiety disorder

20. Diya has lost interest in any pleasure activities. There has been significant change in her
body weight, sleep, thoughts. She has attempted suicide a couple of times too. She may
be suffering from
a. Anorexia b. Bulimia c. Depression d. Mania

21. A person who worries excessively about having a serious illness is most likely to be
diagnosed as suffering from which disorder:
a. DID b. Conversion c. Illness anxiety d. Somatic symptom disorder
Choose the correct options from the following options given below :
a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true, R is false
d. A is false, R is true
 1. Assertion (A) : A 40-year old man may have the same IQ as that of a 20-year old.
Reason (R) : The 40-year old man could have been somewhat retarded to start with.
2. Assertion (A) : Sunita is having recurrent feeling of sinking along with rapid heart-beat
and feeling of flushing randomly in the middle of the day
Reason (R) : In panic disorder, the common symptoms are extreme anxiety occurring with
anticipation of an anxious event.
3. Assertion (A) : Suman complains of having constant pain in her stomach with no physical
or biological reason as per the doctors.
Reason (R) : In illness anxiety disorder, patient exhibits symptoms with no physical or biological
cause.
4. Assertion (A) : Aisha, a 20 year old girl has been brought to the doctor with the complain
that she talks to herself in the mirror as a completely different person
Reason (R) : Schizophrenia is a very dangerous disorder in which a common symptom is that the
individual behaves as a completely different personality
5. Assertion (A) : In dissociative fugue, common occurrence is that individual adopts to a
different identity with no recollection of the earlier identity
Reason (R) : Dissociative fugue is part of dissociative amnesia where individual forgets their
identity due to extreme anxiety causing events.
6. Assertion (A) : A person is able to feel as if snakes are crawling through his stomach.
Reason (R) : A major symptom of schizophrenia is where an individual is able to perceive
stimulus in absence of actual stimulus
7. Assertion (A) : As per her father, Sangeeta is not taking care of herself, she eats a lot of
food and then ends up purging it all out and has no control over it
Reason (R) : Anorexia is an eating disorder where an individual doesn’t eat food and have a
distorted body image and fear of being overweight.
8. Assertion (A) : A boy named Arun, can hear voices and complains of seeing images
around him of people who are dead.
Reason (R) : Depersonalisation is a dream like state where the person is dissociated from the
reality.
9. Assertion (A) : A young girl named Amina, is visiting the doctor frequently as she is
anxious that she will suffer through a fatal illness very soon.
Reason (R) : In illness anxiety disorder, a person complains of constantly being worried about an
illness which he/she doesn’t have.

Answers:
1. D, 2. D, 3. B, 4. A, 5. A, 6. B, 7. D, 8. A, 9. C, 10. C, 11. B, 12. B, 13. C, 14. B, 15. D, 16.
C ,17. B, 18. A, 19. B, 20. C, 21. C, 22. A, 23. A, 24. C, 25. C, 26. A, 27. A, 28. B, 29. B, 30. A

Very short type answer: (2Marks)

1. What are specific phobias?
2. Mention various types of somatoform disorders.
3. What is abnormality?
4. What is ICD 10?
5. Name three types of maladaptive behaviors.
6. What are delusions?
7. Explain DSM -5
8. Expand GABA.
9. Define Exorcism.
10. Full form of
1. ODD
2. ADHD
3. SAD
11. Define Neurotransmitter.
12. Define Shaman or Ojha.
13. Define Deinstitutionalization.
14. Define Abnormal Behavior.
15. Define Verbal aggression.
16. Define Physical aggression.
17. Define Hostile aggression.
18. Define Proactive aggression.
19. What is the stigma attached to mental illness?
20. Describe the interactional approach to understand mental illness.
OR
Explain Bio-psychosocial model/approach.
21. What are the two approaches to understand abnormal behavior?
22. Explain separation anxiety disorder.
23. Explain organismic approach to understand abnormality.
 24. Illustrate two categories of substance use disorder.
25. What is substance dependence?
26. How does psychodynamic model explain abnormal behavior?
27. Explain the term Phobia.
28. Give four symptoms that can be seen in a person with suicidal tendency.
29. Explain the term anorexia nervosa.
30. What do you understand by anti-social behavior?

Short type answers: (3 Marks)

1. Briefly discuss Dissociative disorder.
2. What are Bipolar mood disorders?
3. Discuss schizophrenia in detail.
4. Mention the two classification criteria proposed by APA and WHO.
5. What is the difference between ICD 10 and DSM V?
6. “Physicians make diagnosis looking at person’s physical symptoms”. How are
psychological disorders diagnosed?
7. Mention two characteristics of individuals with different levels of mental retardation.
8. Explain 4Ds of disorders.
9. Why are positive symptoms of schizophrenia known as positive?
10. Explain the effects of alcohol.
11. State three components of diathesis stress model of abnormal behavior.
12. What is the difference between behavioral and cognitive approach in explaining
abnormality.
13. Explain dissociative Amnesia.
14. Explain dissociative fugue.
15. Differentiate between dissociative Amnesia and dissociative fugue.
16. Distinguish between Obsessive and compulsive behavior giving example.
17. What is obsessive compulsive disorder? Explain.
18. State the major anxiety disorder. Explain phobia.
19. Explain all the anxiety disorders.
20. Explain PTSD giving examples.
21. Differentiate between hallucination and delusion.
22. Explain the symptoms of specific learning disorders.

Long type answers: (4 Marks)

1. Elaborate any three psychological models proposed to explain mental disorders.

2. What is abnormality? Mention its features.
3. What are the two approaches that can distinguish between normal and abnormal
behavior?
4. Trace the historical background of psychological disorder.
5. What is meant by mental disorders? How are they classified? Explain biological causes
of abnormal behavior.
6. Discuss the types of anxiety disorders in detail with its symptoms.
7. What are the symptoms that a suicidal person showcases before committing suicide?
8. Differentiate between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
9. Mention IQ ranges of mild, moderate and severe levels of mental retardation
10. Reena is 5-year-old, she cries when she is dropped at school. Explain the disorder and its
symptoms.
11. State different steps by which suicide can be prevented?
12. Explain the measures suggested by WHO for preventing suicides.
13. Elaborate on some disorders of mood/affect.
14. Elaborate upon the ‘Historical background ‘of understanding abnormal behavior
15. Trace the historical background of psychological disorder.
16. What do you understand by the term schizophrenia? Explain its symptoms.
17. What do you understand by the term dissociation? Explain any two types of Dissociative
disorders.
18. Explain any two types of hallucination.
19. Explain various types of hallucinations. How is hallucination different from delusion?
20. Explain various forms of delusion.
23. Explain the forms of eating disorders associated with distorted body image.
24. What is abnormal behavior? Discuss the causal factors of abnormal behavior.
25. Explain in detail the neurodevelopmental disorders.
26. (Case Based) Mukesh, now about 24, comes from a lower-class family of fishermen.
They earn their livelihood by fishing in shallow backwater or rivulets streaming from big
rivers. He had studied up to class IV in the local school, and then left it due to poverty.
As a child, he used to accompany his father to the backwaters, especially where they
cultivated prawns. Very occasionally crocodiles swim in from the big river with which
the backwater may be connected, and there has been tales about crocodiles killing men
around the village. Everybody had heard these tales, but since the appearance of
crocodiles is quite rare, everybody works in knee deep water without much anxiety. From
early adolescence onward, Mukesh gradually became afraid of crocodiles, He was unable
to work in the water, because if he sees any shadow, even of underwater plants and fish,
he suffers from uncontrollable fear. Since Mukesh’s family has no land to cultivate, and
Mukesh hardly has any other skill, not being able to work in water has practically made
him a nonearning member of the poor family. Mukesh understands that his fear is
irrational, and never in his life time has he heard of a crocodile actually attacking a man
 in their locality. He understands that he is becoming a burden on his family; but he
cannot overcome the intense fear. While he attributes the fear to the stories he had
listened to in childhood, he knows that these are not enough to provoke such strong
reactions.
1. Identify Mukesh’s disorder
2. What treatment is best suited for overcoming his problem?
3. Mention the other 2 types of disorder that fall under this category

Competency Based Questions(CBQs)

1. An individual named Marshal was brought in by his wife with chief complaint saying
that he cannot stop thinking about cleaning his car and he needs to wash it before going
to office, because of which his boss has given him multiple warnings that he will be fired.
Which disorder is in consideration here? Explain with the symptoms expressed in the
case given above
Hint:Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
2. A 71 year old perfectly healthy lady named Lily, constantly complains of having fever
and pain in her lower left abdomen. Her daughter who stays with her has gotten every
possible test done for the same but there was no physical reason found for the symptoms
her mother was expressing. Which disorder is under consideration here? What are other
disorders under the spectrum?
Hint: Somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder and conversion disorder
3. A person named Ted came to India with his wife Tracy for their honeymoon, but an
unfortunate accident led to Ted losing his wife. When Ted woke up the first time after he
was made aware of losing his wife, he forgot that he was Ted and moved to another
location and adopted the name and idenity of someone named as Muralilal- a general
store owner. Which psychological disorder is this and the sub-category of the disorder
mentioned? Justify using the case given above
Hint: Dissociative disorders- Dissociative amnesia- Dissociative fugue
4. After losing her job as one of the lead anchors in one of the most prestigious news
networks in the globe, Robin is expressing some abnormal behaviour. Her roommate
brought to the notice of the psychologist that Robin has lost tremendous weight, cries a
lot and just lies down feeling empty. What kind of disorder is she having right now?
What if she suddenly starts laughing hysterically after crying?What would that indicate?
Discuss
Hint: Depression- Major depressive disorder- Bipolar disorder
5. A motivational speaker named Barney, who used to help everyone alliviate their pains
and sorrows by motivating them and helping them become better individuals, suddenly
 speaking abruptly and derailed from his topic of concern during a speech. This continued
for an entire week and his PR team got very concerned. They noticed that during his
rehearsals he was noticed as if he was talking to someone but no one was around. When
confronted about the same he got scared and expressed as if everyone was out to get him
and planning against him. One of his assistants noticed once that he was sitting blank and
staring into the wall, which a person like him never did. Which disorder is being
discussed here and explain associated symptoms in detail using instances from the case
study above
Hint: Schizophrenia, delusion of persecution, formal thought disorder, visual and/or
auditory hallucination, catatonia
6. Some unfortunate individuals lack certain amount of intellectual capabilities. What are
they known as? What are the categories/classification of such individuals based on their
IQ and mention how they function in different areas based on the level of these scores.
Hint: Table 4.2 Characteristics of individual with different level of intellectual
disabilities
7. A person named Ballu belongs to a lower socio-economic background in a small town in
Uttar Pradesh, India. She is infamous in her neighborhood for spending all her money on
liquor, getting heavily intoxicated and then beating up her husband in front of her young
son and daughter. Is alcohol a stimulant or a depressant? What are certain negative
impacts of Alcohol abuse/ addiction on self and social/ family relationships? Justify with
the case given above
Hint: Substance Related and addictive disorder/ depressant. Box 4.2 and destruction of
family and causing immense psychological distress to family also leading to childhood
trauma.

Very long type answers(6 Marks)

1. Explain Schizophrenia in detail mentioning all the symptoms.

2. Elaborate on Dissociative disorders in detail.
3. What are anxiety disorders, describe all of them with examples.
4. Children also have mental disorders, what are various mental disorders children suffer
from?
5. There are disorders in which a patient complains of physical symptoms in absence of a
biological cause. Which is the spectrum and related disorders?

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