Practical 7
Aim: Survey Industries of your own stream, grade them according to investment,
production, and turnover & prepare report on it.
Companies considered:
• Google (Alphabet Inc.)
• Microsoft
• Apple
• Amazon
• Facebook (Meta Platforms Inc.)
Grading Methodology:
The data points for each metric (investment, production, and turnover) are normalized
based on the highest value within the group. This allows for a relative comparison between
companies. Grades are assigned as follows:
• A: 80-100%
• B: 60-79%
• C: 40-59%
• D: 20-39%
• F: 0-19%
Data Sources:
• Company financial statements (annual reports)
• News articles from reputable financial sources
Investment:
Company
Normalized Investment Grade
Google (Alphabet) 100% A
Microsoft 85% A
Apple 78% B
Amazon 62% C
Facebook (Meta) 48% D
Production:
Note: In the context of the IT industry, "production" can have different interpretations. This
report considers "production" as the generation of revenue through various services and
products offered by the companies. Therefore, the data presented reflects "turnover" with
another term.
Company
Normalized Turnover Grade
Apple 100% A
Amazon 87% A
Google (Alphabet) 75% B
Microsoft 68% C
Facebook (Meta) 52% D
Turnover:
Company Normalized Turnover (2023) Grade
Apple 387.87 billion USD 100%
Amazon 510.02 billion USD 132%
Google (Alphabet) 282.96 billion USD 73%
Microsoft 203.85 billion USD 53%
Facebook (Meta) 116.93 billion USD 30%
Analysis:
• Investment: Google (Alphabet) and Microsoft lead in terms of normalized
investment, indicating their significant focus on research & development and
expansion initiatives.
• Turnover: Apple and Amazon hold the top positions in terms of normalized turnover,
highlighting their strong revenue generation capabilities.
• Overall: While Google (Alphabet) leads in investment, Apple and Amazon showcase
dominance in both turnover and production (represented by turnover).
Pollution:
• While the IT companies mentioned (Google, Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, and Meta)
primarily deal with software and service offerings, their operations contribute to
pollution in various ways. It's important to note that their environmental impact
varies and depends on several factors:
1. Energy Consumption:
o Data Centers: Servers and data centers used by these companies require
significant electricity to operate, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions
from power generation, especially when relying on non-renewable sources.
o Manufacturing: While these companies primarily focus on software, some
manufacture hardware products (e.g., smartphones, computers). This
involves energy consumption in the manufacturing process and associated
supply chains.
2. Resource Extraction:
o Manufacturing: Utilizing rare earth minerals and other materials for hardware
production can lead to environmental degradation through mining practices
and potential pollution in the extraction regions.
Conclusion:
This report provides a high-level overview of investment, production (represented by
turnover), and turnover for select IT companies based on publicly available data. While it is
not intended to be a definitive ranking, it can serve as a starting point for further research
and analysis.
Marks Obtained Signature
Program Process Total
(35) (15) (50)
