CONSTRUCTION OF TWO STANDARD WOODEN OFFICE TABLE

BY

OLADIPO TOHEEB

CEC/ND/20/10027

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF ENGNINEERING TECHNOLOGY, DELTA
STATE POLYTECHNIC, OGWASHI-UKU.

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA (ND) IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

OCTOBER 2023
 DECLARATION
I here declare that i carried out the project work reported in department Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-
Uku, Under the supervision of Eng. Obazie Isioma.

I also declare to the best of my knowledge no part of this report has been presented in
any previous work

_______________________ ___________________

OLADIPO TOHEEB DATE

 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this research work titled " CONSTRUCTION OF TWO
STANDARD WOODEN OFFICE TABLE" was carried out by OLADIPO
TOHEEB with matriculation number CEC/ND/20/100, in accordance with The
Requirements For The Award Of National Diploma (ND) In Civil engineering.

___________________ _________________

ENG. OBAZIE ISIOMA DATE

(PROJECT SUPERVISOR)

____________________ _________________

ENG. UZUH EMMANUEL OYEISI DATE

(HEAD OF DEPARTMENT)

____________________ _________________

ENG. CHIEJINE C.M DATE

(DEAN, SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING)

 DEDICATION
I dedicate this project work God Almighty who has made it possible the author and
finisher of my faith.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My earnest intention to express my profound gratitude to Almighty God for his
enabling grace and all that have contributed or help in one way or the other to the
successful completion of my project.

I wish to express my gratitude to my project supervisor Engineer Okobia Christian

who not only supervised in spite of his other pressing duties was able to read the
whole scripts thoroughly and carefully made useful suggestion and correction of my
errors.

i wish to express my joy to my Mr and Mrs Oladipo for their moral and financial
support throughout the period of carring out the research work and my academic
pursuit.
 ABSTRACT
The Construction Work was done in the wood workshop. Wooden stool are of
various types, some types of stools include metal stools and plastics, the wooden
stool was construction using zte wooden plank and board used for the seating , the
cinstruction process or steps includes marking out cutting and nailing sand after
construction has the dimension as follow lenght of stool 27 (inches)Top cover with a
1/2
inch down with 13 (inches) seat size 11 and 10 (inches) certain safety precautions
were observed during the construction process to avoid accidents and as well produce
error free stool. This study will be of immense benefit to academic students and other
research work this study contributes to knowledge and could serve as a guide for
other study. the research work is on the construction of wooden stool which can be
put to use in laboratories workshop.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE....................................................................................i

DECLARATION II

APPROVAL III

DEDICATION IV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS V

ABSTRACT VI

TABLE OF CONTENTS VII

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 HISTORY OF STOOL 1

1.2 TYPES OF STOOLS 5

1.3 DIMENSION OF STOOL HEIGHT AND WEIGHT 6

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 6

1.5 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY 6

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7

1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 8

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 10

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 10

2.1 TYPE OF WOOD 10

2.2 DIFFERENT BETWEEN SOFTWOOD AND HARDWOOD
12

2.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD 13

2.4 WOOD STABILIZATION 16

2.5 WOOD DEFECTS 17

2.6 CLASSIFICATION OF TIMBER 17

2.7 CONSERVATION OF WOOD 17

2.8 WOOD PROCESSING 19

2.9 WOOD COMPOSITION 21

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 29

3.0 METHODOLOGY 29

3.1 WOOD QUALITY 29

3.2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL SELECTION 29

3.3 CUTTING OF WOOD BY SIZE 29

3.4 WOOD ASSEMBLY PROCESS 29

3.5 FINISH 30

CHAPTER FOUR: TEST AND RESULT 32

4.0 TEST AND RESULT...................................................................32

4.1 FURNITURE TESTING STANDARDS 32

4.2 EQUIPMENTS USED FOR TESTING 33

4.3. VARIOUS TYPES OF TEST MADE 34

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37

5.0 CONLUSION 37

5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS 38
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Construction of office table chairs is meant to soit the office in which the demand is
made. The Project demands that we construct office title semi-executive chairs and
visitors Chairs. The materials of construction should be a strong one! Since it is
Product wood. It means that str long wood like mahogany or a fromasia Should be
used for the Construction to ensure Lasting of the items being made. The working of
wood was practiced in prehistoric times through more-rece- nt countries, it has been
on important occupation. fin its many branches and man skilled in using his hands to
make things from wood has been an honoured way of providing fittings that ero- ure
Comfortability even in our hand and. offices This means With modern methods of
transport timber may be. brought from almost any part of the world." that we can now
use woods that were unknown to carpenters even only a few years ago. Many of the
traditional and well known woods are still ayaw Lable, but other have been added to
them and it is sometimes difficult to know the characteristic and suitability of the
woods weare being offered. It was sometime's difficult to identify even the
Comparatively few woods on general use up to a Few years ago, news bb is
increasingly difficult, por ticularly of you want to use a common name for Instance,
there are some widely different species that are all called mahogany Eten prefix in
front of it may not be sufficiently specific. A hame like. Brazillian mahagany. Can be
used to embrace a group rather refer to one type. There are Scientific names which
are easential State exactly which wood you mean. But If you need or them when
buying wood to as intirely that the average timber yard man will know what if you
ing above-fortunately-tle woods on offer are usually "You are tolk- sufficiently
limited in range, for each type to be Identified by a common name, and the seller will
probably know enough about the characteristic to You Love a new wood compares
with another you know already there are many thousands of Afferent species of tree
yielding timber ste For vores branches of wood working bite these. available at any
particular time or places.

1.1 AIM

The aim of the project is to construct two suitable office table using MDF board.

1.2.0BJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The following are the objectives of the study

1 for storing documents, files and other sensitive materials

2) to prevent Loss of materials

3 They Help promote Employee wellness

4) They Help Improve Employee productivity.

5) Helps to main a clean and organized space

1.3 Scope of work

The scope of work includes

sizing of MDF board to required sizes

coupting the materials to form suitable wooden office table

1.4 LIMITATION

Some of the Limitations encountered are.

1) lack of regular power supply

2 High rate of cost materials

3 High rate of transporting the material for Some Students are unserious.

1.5 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.

Timber business in ogwash uku Eiday is faced. With a lot of problems just like their
counter parts on other parts of Nigeria. These problems go a long way. to negate it's
growth and development in the Country and here by limiting its potential
contributions to the development of the economy Among such problems are general
lack of funds by proprietors of the business and difficulty in raising it due to Limited
Capital. Thus money to keep the business going and expanding Invariably a major
handicap.

1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

1 it serve as a wonderful medium for expressive art and creative design.

2 it's also has the benefit of encompassing many other areas of learning and
development providing a truly cross-curicular activity

3 mathematical thinking is developed and scientific knowledge is gained

Technological understanding is developed through working with tools.

 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

 CHAPTER THREE

3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is the specific procedures or Techniques used to identify,

select process and analyse information about a topic. This chapter talks about the
procedures to carry out the construction work and description of tools applicable to
carry out the construction.

3.1 TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING WOODEN OFFICE TABLE

1. Chisel:

A woodworking chisel is a small hand tool with a categorically shaped blade. The
edge of the blade bears different angles and sharpness for serving different cutting
purposes. The blade remains mounted on a handle typically made of wood but can be
of other materials too.

To cut the wood, the chisel is forced into the wood piece by striking on the handle
with a wooden mallet. Chisel can be of different types based on their shape, size,
structure, and cutting edge angle. Such as mortise chisel, socket chisel, bench chisel,
framing chisel, paring chisel, skew chisel, and so on.

Uses of chisel

Chisel plays a vital role in woodworking. It is used for carving out wood. The outline
of the design is laid using a chisel. It helps in making small detailed cuts with the
help of smaller chisels.

2. Clamps
A clamp is very useful tool in any workshop, it is a fastening tool. It holds an object
in a place to work without drifting. Clamps are of various types based on their
usability and structure but all of them have the same purpose of preventing
movement by applying inward pressure.

Uses of clamps

Clamps are used in almost every field of construction such as metal working,
welding, carpentry and soon. In wood working, its importance is immense. It holds
wood pieces in a place to make a cut. The clamp hold the wood piece tightly in a
place to avoid drifting while applying force.

3. Handsaw

The saws which are used by hand manually to cut objects are handsaws. A typical
handsaw includes a wooden handle and a sharp blade with numerous pointed teeth.
Handsaws are of different types based on structure, shape and size.

Uses of Handsaw

Handsaw are used in woodworking to cut through wood pieces or other material as
per the requirement. They can make small to large cuts. Different handsaw serve
different purpose of cutting wood pieces. The user gets the maximum control over cut
while working with a handsaw.

4. Carpenter square

is basically a scale. This form of scale is the combination of 2 scale joint together at
90° angle. The 2 scale resemble two arms. The 2 scales resemble which is named
“blade" and the other is narrower which is called "tongue".
Uses of Carpenter's square

Woodworking requires alot of measurements to gain accuracy. A slight Mis-

measurement might lead to a huge crisis.

5. Level

The level is an unusual type of measuring instrument. This measuring tool consist of
a glass vial with liquid inside. It may have a glass barrel or a circular glass vial with
curved glass. The liquid is moderately filled in the vial to leave a bubble in it. As for
the liquid, usually alcohol is used in it due to it's low surface tension and viscosity.

Uses of level

The level is used for checking all those arrangements. The level is used in
woodworking to examine the accuracy of the alignment of woods.

6. Measuring Tape

Measuring tape is a flexible scaling instrument, these might come in different forms,
but all have the same purpose of measuring. There are measuring tapes of the metal
strip, plastic, ribbon, polymer and others. All of them have a linear scaling mark in it.

Uses of measuring Tape

It is used in everyday work for delivery precise measurements.

7. Centre punch

Punch is a tool made of metal with a pointed fine tip the handle of the tool is usually
broad and rounded to facilitate hammering. An iron hammer or wooden mallet is
used to strike on the broad handle to insert the pointed edge on the targeted object.
This tool can be of varying types based on their purpose. Each of them has its
specific structure and properties complementing its purpose.

Uses of centre punch

They are used for engraving letters or numbers on wood pieces. The punch tool is
used by wood workers to mark the centre to assist in drilling.

8. Claw Hammer

A claw Hammer is the most common wood working tools in any workshop. It will be
one of the must have woodworking tools in your list if you are a serious DIY guy or
enthusiastic woodworker. The claw Hammer is like a normal hammer has a T-shaped
structure with a small change.

Uses of claw Hammer

It makes the task a lot easier

The claw Hammer is used in woodworking to take out nails from wood pieces.

9. Sliding Bevel

Sliding Bevel is an essential woodworking tool. The tool includes a pivoting blade of
the tool, creates angles with it's pivoting mechanism. The desired angle is fixed on a
position with the help of the screw. The tool also have a varying screwing system.
Some have wing-nuts or some have thumbscrew and lastly the handle. A typical
sliding Bevel consists of a wooden handle. It can be plastic too.

Uses of sliding Bevel

The Sliding bevel is mainly used for marking angles on the wood. It plays a vital role
in wood working.
10. Block plane

block plane is a small accessible device. It is wooden device made for manual use. It
has a blade embedded on the bottom of the wooden frame. The blade is like a chisel
that consists of the bevel on one side and plane on the other. In a typical block plane,
the bevel side remains up leaving the flat part on the down. The angles must be
turned properly to make necessary cuts. The ergonomic structure makes it very handy
to use.

Uses of block plane

The block planes are used for giving a finishing touch to the completed work.

11. Sanding block

A sanding block is sanding paper holding device. It is one of the most basic
woodworking tools. It is a small box-like Object. The typical sanding block is square
in shape. But the structure and shape changes based on usability. Woodworkers
normally make it with wood.

Uses of sanding block

The sanding block’s main purpose is to stick the sanding paper on it.

12. Wood drilling machine

Drilling machines are used in the second phases of wood processing, producing holes
or slot in solid wood, and are mostly for industrial Applications.
CONSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURE

The constructional procedures are as follows;

1. Selection of materials for construction

2. Sketching and drawing
3. Making out and cutting operation
4. Creation of mortise and tendon
5. Dressing
6. Assembling and joining
7. Sand-papering
8. Spraying and painting

Selection of materials for construction:

The first and foremost thing to select constructional materials needed for
construction.
Sketching and drawing:
The table to be construction was represent in an isometric drawing on a drawing sheet
using a pair of pencil, meter rule, and other drawing equipments.
Making out and cutting operation:
Drawing, the dimension was used to marked out and cutting the dimensional parts
was done into respective sections.
Dressing:
After the creation of tendon and mortise, jack plan was used to dress the area that
required dressing to achieve smoothness of dimensioned edges.
Assembling and joining:
However, the mortise and tendons which was created on the legs and rails was joined
together in order to get the frame work using try will look like.
Sand-papering:
After the assembling of the table, the entire surface of table was sand papered mother
to obtain a smooth surface for easy spraying and point.
Spraying and painting:

Finally, the constructed table was sprayed to bring out its esthetical nature using
compressor machine with spraying materials.
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The office table is a device used either for the reading and writing of any document.
The whole parts these office table includes the turned legs. The connection nail, The
backseat, The top of the table, the foam and the fabrics e.t.c Are fixed to effected
efficiency in using it.

Generally considering all the material of construction it could be seen that for
instance, mahogany and other wood have their individual merits. But point
comparison between them will definitely show that in General, mahogany wood has
lots of advantage over other wood. For instance methogany cannot be attack, other
woods by these factors while mahogany wood is suitable to wide range of mechanical
stability than the other wood.

So, it can be said that the advantage of first cost cheapness of soft wood over
hardwood is of nominal consequences by the disadvantage of softwood.

When considering the case also, the first cost of materials is even not taken as an
efficient indicator on which to base the selection of construction materials.
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 CONCLUSION

This table can be used for both reading and writing of anything like writing document
and marking student exam e.t.c. It discussed earlier, that office table will be a more
advantage to chemical engineering student and their lectures.

The procedures by which the construction of tables was made by making a plan view
of it by sketching it on a paper. Those by costing and estimating the amount of
material needed for the construction after which marking out the procedures were
carried out where the required dimension were considered. After which we cut it into
part and finally nailed it to get our office table.

We used mahogany and before choosing mahogany for the construction, we

compared it with other material and found out other material because some other
wood can be attacked by things like termites and insects. But mahogany is
advantaged to this effect as it has a natural resistance over those woods attacking by
organism thereby helping to assure it's durability.

5.1 RECOMMENDATION

The major advantage of this office table over tables is that with the use of these office
tables you can do both the office work and school work as well as some document
and the writing of anything. We also want to recommend to everybody who wants to
construct to use mahogany because of it's high advantage over other wood. Like high
resistance to termite and its durability.