DPP-1

Surface Area & Volume

In each of the following questions, choose the correct alternative.

1. 160 m 3 of water is to be used to irrigate a rectangular fi eld of area 800 m 2 .
The height of water level in the fi eld will be

(a) 2 cm (b) 20 cm (c) 2 m (d) 20 m

2. A rectangular water reservoir contains 42000 litres of water. If the length
of reservoir is 6 m and breadth of the reservoir is 3.5 m then the depth
of the reservoir will be
(a) 2 m (b) 5 m (c) 6 m (d) 8 m
 3. A cistern 6 m long and 4 m wide contains water up to a depth of
1 m 25 cm. The total area of the wet surface is
(a) 49 m 2 (b) 50 m 2 (c) 53.5 m 2 (d) 55 m 2
4. A rectangular tank has a capacity of 24 litres. If its length is twice its
3
breadth and its height is of its length then its length is
4
(a) 25 cm (b) 30 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 45 cm
5. A beam 9 m long, 40 cm wide and 20 cm high is made up of iron which
weighs 50 kg per cubic metre. The weight of the beam is
(a) 27 kg (b) 36 kg (c) 48 kg (d) 56 kg
6. The volume of a wall, 5 times as high as it is broad and 8 times as long
as it is high, is 12.8 m 3 . The breadth of the wall is
(a) 22.5 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 30 cm (d) 40 cm
7. Given that 1 cu cm of marble weighs 25 g, the weight of a marble block
28 cm in width and 5 cm thick is, 112 kg. The length of the block is
(a) 26.5 cm (b) 32 cm (c) 36 cm (d) 37.5 cm
8. In a shower, 5 cm of rain falls. The volume of water that falls on
1.5 hectares of ground is
(a) 75 kL (b) 750 kL (c) 7500 kL (d) 75000 kL
9. The length, breadth and height of a cuboidal reservoir are 7 m, 6 m
and 15 m respectively. If 8400 litres of water is pumped out from the
reservoir then the fall in the water level of the reservoir is
(a) 15 cm (b) 20 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 1 m
10. An equal amount of water is poured into two empty tanks, X and Y,
as shown below.

If Tank X is half-filled with water, what is the height of the water level
in Tank Y?
(a) 7 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 10 cm
 2
11. An empty tank is full after 1.5 L of water was poured into it. The base
5
area of the tank is 250 cm 2 . The height of the tank is
(a) 6 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 15 cm
12. The dimensions of a rectangular box are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 and the
difference between the cost of covering it with sheet of paper at the rate
of ` 8 and ` 9.50 per square metre is ` 1248. The dimensions of the box
(in metres) are
(a) 2, 12, 8 (b) 4, 9, 16 (c) 8, 12, 16 (d) none of these
13. It is required to construct a big rectangular hall to accommodate 500
persons, allowing 22.5 m 3 space per person. The height of the hall is to
be kept at 7.5 m, while the total inner surface area of the walls must be
1200 sq m. Then, the length and breadth of the hall are respectively
(a) 40 m and 30 m (b) 45 m and 35 m
(c) 50 m and 30 m (d) 60 m and 20 m
14. The length of the longest rod that can be placed in a room 16 m long,
2
12 m broad and 10 m high, is
3
1 2
(a) 22 m (b) 22 m (c) 23 m (d) 68 m
3 3
15. The dimensions of a godown are 40 m, 25 m and 10 m. If it is filled with
cuboidal boxes each of dimensions 2 m × 1.25 m × 1 m then the number
of boxes will be
(a) 1800 (b) 2000 (c) 4000 (d) 8000
16. The number of bricks, each measuring 25 cm × 12.5 cm × 7.5 cm, required
to construct a wall 6 m long, 5 m high and 50 cm thick, while the mortar
occupies 5% of the volume of the wall, is
(a) 3040 (b) 5740 (c) 6080 (d) 8120
17. A swimming bath is 24 m long and 15 m broad. When a number of men
dive into the bath, the height of the water rises by 1 cm. If the average
amount of water displaced by one of the men be 0.l cu m, how many
men are there in the bath?
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 42 (d) 46
18. A schoolroom is to be built to accommodate 70 children so as to allow
2.2 m 2 of floor and 11 m 3 of space for each child. If the room be 14 metres
long, what must be its breadth and height?
(a) 11 m, 4 m (b) 11 m, 5 m
(c) 12 m, 5.5 m (d) 13 m, 6 m
19. A rectangular tank measuring 5 m × 4.5 m × 2.1 m is dug in the centre of
the field measuring 13.5 m by 5 m. The soil dug out is evenly spread
 over the remaining portion of the field. How much is the level of the
field raised?
(a) 1.05 m (b) 1.2 m (c) 1.5 m (d) 2 m
20. If a river 2.5 m deep and 45 m wide is flowing at the rate of 3.6 km/hr
then the amount of water that runs into the sea per minute is
(a) 6650 cu m (b) 6750 cu m
(c) 6850 cu m (d) 6950 cu m
21. A wooden cuboid is 24 cm by 30 cm by 36 cm. Cubes of equal sides are
cut off from all its corners. The volume of the remaining block is
20088 cm 3 . What is the length of the edge of each cube cut off from the
cuboid?
(a) 1 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 9 cm
22. Rashi and Tanya both are having lunch boxes of a cuboidal shape. The
length and breadth of Rashi’s lunch box are 10% more than that of
Tanya’s lunch box, but the depth of Rashi’s lunch box is 20% less than
that of Tanya’s lunch box. The ratio of the capacity of Rashi’s lunch box
to that of Tanya’s lunch box is
(a) 11 : 15 (b) 15 : 11 (c) 121 : 125 (d) 125 : 121
23. A swimming pool 9 m wide and 12 m long is 1 m deep on the shallow
side and 4 m deep on the deeper side. Its volume is
(a) 208 m 3 (b) 270 m 3 (c) 360 m 3 (d) 408 m 3
24. The length, breadth and height of a cuboid are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. The
length, breadth and height of the cuboid are increased by 100%, 200%
and 200% respectively. Then, the increase in the volume of the cuboid is
(a) 5 times (b) 6 times (c) 12 times (d) 17 times
25. An open box is made by cutting the congruent squares from the corners
of a rectangular sheet of cardboard of dimensions 20 cm × 15 cm. If the
side of each square is 2 cm, the total outer surface area of the box is
(a) 148 cm 2 (b) 284 cm 2 (c) 316 cm 2 (d) 460 cm 2
26. A closed wooden box has inner measures as 115 cm, 75 cm and 35 cm
and thickness of wood as 2.5 cm. The volume of the wood is
(a) 80000 cm 3 (b) 82125 cm 3 (c) 84000 cm 3 (d) 85000 cm 3
27. The dimensions of an open box are 52 cm × 40 cm × 29 cm. Its thickness
is 2 cm. If 1 cu cm of metal used in the box weighs 0.5 g then the weight
of the box is
(a) 6.832 kg (b) 7.576 kg (c) 7.76 kg (d) 8.56 kg
28. If a metallic cuboid weighs 16 kg, how much would a miniature cuboid
of the same metal weigh, if all dimensions are reduced to one fourth of
the original?
(a) 0.25 kg (b) 0.50 kg (c) 0.75 kg (d) 1 kg
29. If the areas of three adjacent faces of a cuboid are x, y, z respectively then
the volume of the cuboid is
(a) xyz (b) 2xyz (c) xyz (d) 3 xyz
30. The surface areas of the three coterminus faces of a cuboid are
6 cm 2 , 15 cm 2 and 10 cm 2 respectively. The volume of the cuboid is
(a) 20 cm 3 (b) 30 cm 3 (c) 35 cm 3 (d) 40 cm 3
31. The surface areas of the six faces of a rectangular solid are 16 cm 2 ,
16 cm 2 , 32 cm 2 , 32 cm 2 , 72 cm 2 and 72 cm 2 . The volume of the solid, in
cu cm, is
(a) 192 (b) 384 (c) 480 (d) 2592
32. If the areas of the three adjacent faces of a rectangular block are in
the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 and its volume is 9000 cm 3, what is the length of the
shortest side?
(a) 10 cm (b) 15 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 30 cm
33. The dimension of a certain machine are 48′′ × 30′′ × 52′′. If the size of the
machine is increased proportionately until the sum of its dimensions
equals 156′′, what will be the increase in the shortest side?
(a) 4” (b) 6” (c) 8” (d) 9”
34. If a metal slab of size 1 m × 20 cm × 1 m is melted to form another slab of
1 mm thickness and 1 m width then the length of the new slab thus
formed will be
(a) 200 cm (b) 400 cm (c) 600 cm (d) 1000 cm
35. Ronit hired a contractor to dig a well of 10 metres length, 10 metres
breadth and 10 metres depth for ` 40000. However, when the contractor
was about to start the work, he changed his mind and asked him to get
two wells dug, each with a length of 5 metres, breadth of 5 metres and
depth of 5 metres. How much should Ronit pay to the contractor?
(a) ` 10000 (b) ` 20000 (c) ` 40000 (d) None of these
36. The perimeter of one face of a cube is 20 cm. Its volume is
(a) 125 cm 3 (b) 400 cm 3 (c) 1000 cm 3 (d) 8000 cm 3
37. The cost of paint is ` 36.50 per kg. If 1 kg of paint covers 16 square feet,
how much will it cost to paint the outside of a cube having each side
8 feet long?
(a) ` 692 (b) ` 768 (c) ` 876 (d) ` 972
38. The volume of a cube is 729 cm . The surface area of the cube is
3

(a) 456 cm 2 (b) 466 cm 2 (c) 476 cm 2 (d) 486 cm 2

39. The surface area of a cube is 150 cm 2. Its volume is
(a) 64 cm 3 (b) 125 cm 3 (c) 150 cm 3 (d) 216 cm 3
40. How many small cubes with edge of 20 cm each can be just
accommodated in a cubical box of 2 m edge?
(a) 10 (b) 100 (c) 1000 (d) 10000
41. A metal sheet 27 cm long, 8 cm broad and 1 cm thick is melted into a
cube. The side of the cube is
(a) 6 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 12 cm (d) 24 cm
42. How many small cubes, each of 96 cm surface area, can be formed from
2

the material obtained by melting a larger cube of 384 cm 2 surface area?

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 800 (d) 8000
43. If two cubes of edge 3 cm each are placed side by side then the
dimensions of the resulting cuboid are
(a) 6 cm × 3 cm × 3 cm (b) 6 cm × 6 cm × 3 cm
(c) 9 cm × 6 cm × 3 cm (d) 12 cm × 6 cm × 3 cm
44. If the total length of the diagonals of a cube is 12 cm then what is the
total length of the edges of the cube?
(a) 6 3 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 12 3 cm
45. If the numbers representing volume and surface area of a cube are equal
then the length of the edge of the cube will be
(a) 3 units (b) 4 units (c) 5 units (d) 6 units
46. The volume of a cube is numerically equal to the sum of its edges. What
is its total surface area in square units?
(a) 36 (b) 66 (c) 72 (d) 183
47. A cube of side 4 cm is cut into cubes of side 1 cm each. What is the ratio of
the surface area of the original cube and the total surface area of the cut
out cubes?
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 1 : 4 (d) 1 : 6
48. Three cubes of metal whose edges are 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm respectively
are melted to form a single cube. The edge of the new cube is
(a) 12 cm (b) 18 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 24 cm
49. A metal cube of edge 9 cm is melted to form 3 smaller cubes. If the
edges of two smaller cubes are 1 cm and 6 cm then the edge of the third
smaller cube is
(a) 2 cm (b) 3 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 8 cm
50. If three equal cubes are placed adjacently in a row then the ratio of the
total surface area of the new cuboid to the sum of the surface areas of the
three cubes will be
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 2 : 3 (c) 5 : 9 (d) 7 : 9
51. A cube of length 1 cm is taken out from a cube of length 8 cm. The
weight of the remaining portion is what fraction of the weight of the
original cube?
7 8 63 511
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 9 64 512
52. Aditya takes a cube of 1 m edge length and meticulously cuts smaller
cubes, each of edge length 1 mm from the parent cube. He joins these
small cubes end to end. Then, the total length of this cube-robe will be
(a) 1 km (b) 10 km (c) 100 km (d) 1000 km
53. A rectangular block of wood has dimensions 24 cm by 9 cm by 7 cm. It
is cut into cubical blocks each of side 3 cm. The largest number of cubes
that can be cut from the block is
(a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 52 (d) 56
54. A cuboidal block of 6 cm × 12 cm × 15 cm is cut into an exact number of
equal cubes. The least possible number of cubes will be
(a) 6 (b) 11 (c) 33 (d) 40
55. The size of a wooden block is 5 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm. How many such
blocks will be required to construct a solid wooden cube of minimum
size?
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 16
56. If the side of a cube becomes 10 times the original side then the volume
of the cube becomes
1
(a) 10 times (b) 100 times (c) 1000 times (d) times
1000
57. If the volumes of two cubes are in the ratio 27 : 1, the ratio of their
edges is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 27 (c) 3 : 1 (d) 27 : 1
58. If the volumes of two cubes are in the ratio 8 : 27, the ratio of their surface
areas is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 4 : 9 (c) 12 : 9 (d) none of these
59. Two cubes have volumes in the ratio 1 : 64. The ratio of the area of the
face of the first cube to that of the other is
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 1 : 16 (d) 1 : 32
60. By what per cent the volume of a cube increases if the length of each
edge is increased by 50%?
(a) 50% (b) 125% (c) 237.5% (d) 273.5%
61. If each edge of a cube is increased by 25% then the percentage increase
in its surface area is
(a) 25% (b) 48.75% (c) 50% (d) 56.25%

These questions are based on the information given below.

A cube of side 5 cm is painted on all its faces. It is then sliced into 1 cubic cm
cubes.
62. How many small cubes are formed in all?

(a) 25 (b) 100 (c) 125 (d) 250

 63. How many small cubes have none of their faces painted?
(a) 8 (b) 25 (c) 27 (d) 64
64. How many small cubes have exactly one of their faces painted?
(a) 27 (b) 42 (c) 54 (d) 64
65. How many small cubes have exactly two of their faces painted?
(a) 24 (b) 36 (c) 48 (d) 56
66. How many small cubes have exactly three of their faces painted?
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 24 (d) 28
67. The radius of the base of a glass tumbler is 3.5 cm and its height is 10 cm.
How many millilitres of water can it hold?
(a) 385 mL (b) 545 mL
(c) 770 mL (d) 1155 mL
68. Cylinder A has diameter of base 7 cm and height 14 cm. Cylinder B
has diameter of base 14 cm and height 7 cm. Which of the following is
not true?
(a) Volume of A = volume of B.
(b) Curved surface area of A = curved surface area of B.
(c) Total surface area of A < total surface area of B.
(d) All the above are true.
69. Ashish has 3 containers:
(A) Cylindrical Container A having radius r and height h;
h
(B) Cylindrical Container B having radius 2r and height ;
2
(C) Cuboidal Container C having dimensions r × r × h.
The arrangement of the containers in the increasing order of their
volumes is
(a) A, B, C
(b) B, C, A
(c) C, A, B
(d) cannot be compared, as shapes are different
70. A housing society consisting of 5500 people needs 100 litres of water
per person per day. The cylindrical supply tank is 7 m high and has a
diameter of 10 m. For how many days will the water in the tank last for
the society?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 10
71. A fountain pen with a cylindrical barrel of diameter 3 cm and height
14 cm, filled with ink, can write 3600 words. How many words can be
written with that pen using 220 mL of ink?
(a) 5000 (b) 6000 (c) 7000 (d) 8000
72. The capacity of a cylindrical tank is 246.4 litres. If the height of the tank
is 4 m then the diameter of its base is
(a) 1.4 m (b) 2.8 m (c) 14 m (d) 28 m
73. Two cans have the same height equal to 21 cm. One can is cylindrical,
the diameter of whose base is 10 cm. The other can has square base of
side 10 cm. What is the difference in their capacities?
(a) 250 cm 3 (b) 300 cm 3 (c) 350 cm 3 (d) 450 cm 3
74. A well has to be dug out that is to be 22.5 m deep and of diameter 7 m.
Then, the cost of plastering its inner curved surface at ` 30 per sq metre, is
(a) ` 14650 (b) ` 14750 (c) ` 14850 (d) ` 14950
75. A cylinder has a diameter of 14 cm and curved surface area of 220 sq cm.
The volume of the cylinder is
(a) 770 cm 3 (b) 1000 cm 3 (c) 1540 cm 3 (d) 6622 cm 3
76. The circumference of the base of a cylindrical vessel is 132 cm and its
height is 25 cm. How many litres of water can it hold?
(a) 33.85 (b) 34.65 (c) 35.75 (d) 38.25
77. The curved surface area of a cylindrical pillar is 264 m 2 and its volume
is 924 m 3 . The ratio of its diameter to its height is
(a) 3 : 7 (b) 7 : 3 (c) 6 : 7 (d) 7 : 6
78. The ratio between the curved surface area and the total surface area of
a right circular cylinder is 1 : 2. The ratio between the height and radius
of the cylinder is
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 4
79. The diameter of the base of a cylindrical drum is 35 dm and the
height is 24 dm. It is full of kerosene. How many tins each of size
25 cm × 22 cm × 35 cm can be filled with kerosene from the drum?
(a) 120 (b) 600 (c) 1020 (d) 1200
80. The ratio of the radii of two cylinders is 1 : 2 and the ratio of their heights
is 2 : 3. The ratio of their volumes is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 6 (c) 1 : 9 (d) 2 : 9
81. Two cylinders have their radii as 1 : 2 but heights as 2 : 1. Their curved
surface areas are in the ratio
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 3
82. The curved surface area of a right circular cylinder of base radius r is
obtained by multiplying its volume by
2 2
(a) 2r (b) (c) 2r 2 (d) 2
r r
83. Two cylinders of equal volumes have their heights in the ratio 2 : 1.
Then, the ratio of their radii is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
84. The number of coins 1.5 cm in diameter and 0.2 cm thick required to
be melted to form a right circular cylinder with a height of 10 cm and a
diameter of 4.5 cm, is
(a) 390 (b) 396 (c) 410 (d) 450
85. If both the radius and height of a right circular cylinder are doubled
then its volume becomes
(a) 2 times (b) 3 times (c) 4 times (d) 8 times
1
86. If the height of a cylinder becomes of the original height and the
4
radius is doubled then the volume of the cylinder
(a) gets doubled (b) remains unchanged
(c) is halved (d) becomes one fourth
1
87. If the height of a cylinder becomes of the original height and the
4
radius is doubled then the curved surface area of the cylinder
(a) gets doubled (b) remains unchanged
(c) is halved (d) becomes one fourth
1
88. If the height of a cylinder becomes of the original height and the
4
radius is doubled then the total surface area of the cylinder
(a) gets doubled (b) remains unchanged
(c) is halved (d) none of these
89. If the radius of a cylinder is tripled but its curved surface area is
unchanged then its height will be
(a) tripled (b) constant (c) one sixth (d) one third
90. The number of circular pipes with an inside diameter of 1 inch which
will carry the same amount of water as a pipe with an inside diameter
of 6 inches is
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d) 36
91. Two cylindrical vessels with radii 15 cm and 10 cm, and heights 35 cm
and 15 cm respectively are filled with water. If this water is poured into
a cylindrical vessel 15 cm in height then the radius of the vessel is
(a) 17.5 cm (b) 18 cm (c) 20 cm (d) 25 cm
92. The diameter of a garden roller is 1.4 m and it is 2 m long. How much
area can be levelled by it in 5 revolutions?
(a) 36 m 2 (b) 40 m 2 (c) 44 m 2 (d) 48 m 2
93. What part of a ditch, 48 m long, 16.5 m broad and 4 m deep can be
filled by the soil got by digging a cylindrical tunnel of diameter 4 m and
length 5 m?
1 2 7 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
94. A hollow iron pipe is 21 cm long and its external diameter is 8 cm. If the
thickness of the pipe is 1 cm and iron weighs 8 g/cm 3 then the weight of
the pipe is
(a) 3.6 kg (b) 3.696 kg (c) 36 kg (d) 36.9 kg
95. A circular cylinder can hold 61.6 cc of water. If the height of the cylinder
is 40 cm and the outer diameter is 16 mm then the thickness of the
material of the cylinder is
(a) 0.2 mm (b) 0.3 mm (c) 1 mm (d) 2 mm
96. A milkman saves milk in two vessels, a cuboidal and the other a
cylindrical one. The capacity of the cuboidal vessel is 20 litres more than
the cylindrical one. When 30 litres of milk is drawn from each of the two
full vessels, the amount left in the cuboidal vessel is twice that left in the
cylindrical vessel. The capacity (in litres) of the cuboidal vessel is
(a) 30 (b) 50 (c) 70 (d) 130
97. The total volume and surface
area of the solid shown in
the adjoining figure are
respectively
(a) 5742 cm 3 , 1754 cm 2
(b) 5742 cm 3 , 2042 cm 2
(c) 4770 cm 3 , 2042 cm 2
(d) 4770 cm 3 , 1754 cm 2

98. If R is the radius of the base of the hat shown in

the adjoining figure then the total outer surface
area of the hat is
(a) 2πr(h + R)
(b) πr(2 h + R)
(c) 2 πrh + πR 2
(d) none of these

99. A square sheet of paper is converted into a cylinder by rolling it along

its side. What is the ratio of the base radius to the side of the square?
(a) π : 1 (b) 1 : π (c) 2 π : 1 (d) 1 : 2 π
100. Two rectangular sheets of paper, each 30 cm × 18 cm are made into two
right circular cylinders, one by rolling the paper along its length and
the other along the breadth. The ratio of the volumes of the two
cylinders, thus formed, is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 5 : 3
101. A patient in a hospital is given soup daily in a cylindrical bowl of
diameter 7 cm. If the bowl is filled with soup to a height of 4 cm,
how much soup the hospital has to prepare daily to serve 250 patients?
(a) 38 litres (b) 38.5 litres (c) 39.5 litres (d) 40 litres
 ANSWERS (DPP-1)

1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (a) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (b) 33. (b) 34. (a) 35. (a) 36. (a) 37. (c) 38. (d) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (d)
51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (a) 54. (d) 55. (b) 56. (c) 57. (c) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (c)
61. (d) 62. (c) 63. (c) 64. (c) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (a) 68. (a) 69. (c) 70. (a)
71. (d) 72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (c) 75. (a) 76. (b) 77. (b) 78. (a) 79. (d) 80. (b)
81. (a) 82. (b) 83. (d) 84. (d) 85. (d) 86. (b) 87. (c) 88. (d) 89. (d) 90. (d)
91. (d) 92. (c) 93. (b) 94. (b) 95. (c) 96. (b) 97. (b) 98. (c) 99. (d) 100. (d)
101. (b)