Hawassa University - Institute of Technology
Chapter – 4
“Arresting Gear, Brakes, Hoisting and
Traveling Gears”.
Dr. S. RAJKUMAR., ME., MBA., MSW., Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor,
School of Mechanical & Electromechanical Engineering,
Hawassa Institute of Technology,
Hawassa University, Eithiopia.
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Arresting Gear
Arresting gear is used to hold
the load being lifted without
interfering in the hoisting process but
preventing the load from coming down
due to gravity.
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Ratchet Gearing
Ratchet gearing consists of ratchet gear and pawl.
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Teeth of the Ratchet
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m
Table 4.1 Values of the Coefficient as a Function of the Material.
Material of Ratchets
0.33 or 0.55 % C cast steel 1.5 - 4
0.3 % C steel or 0.45 % C
1 - 2
with additive
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Checking for Eccentricity
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Pawl Pin
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Pawl Sliding over the Ratchet
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Friction Arresters
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Roller Ratchets
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Table 4.2 Main Dimensions of Roller Ratchets
Power Transmitted Diameter Diameter Length of Number Wedging
at 100 rpm [hp] of Bush D of Roller Roller L of Roller
Angle
[mm] [mm] z
d [mm]
0.25 102 12.7 19.0
0.50 107 15.9 23.8 4 70
1.00 152 19.0 29.4
1.50 178 22.2 33.3
2.00 203 25.4 38.1
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Brakes
In hoisting machinery, brakes are
employed for controlling the speed of
load lowering and holding the
suspended load at rest.
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According to their operational characteristics
Depending on the purpose, brakes can be classified as
1. Parking (holding) brakes
2. Lowering brakes or
3. Combined type for both holding and /lowering/ controlling the speed.
From operational aspect they can be classified as
1. Operated brakes: It includes shoe, band, cone, disk and
ratchet brakes with safety handles.
2. Automatic brakes: This includes centrifugal brakes (to control
speed) and brakes applied by the weight of the load.
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Single Shoe Brakes
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Double shoe Brakes
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Table 4.3 Experimental Values of Coefficient of Friction
Unit Pressure, Kg/cm2
Materials
Holding Lowering
Cast Iron on Cast Iron 0.15 0.15 20 15
Steel on Cast Iron 0.37 20 15
Asbestos Brake Band (Type A) on Cast Iron or Steel 0.35 6 3
Asbestos (Type B) on Steel or Cast Iron 0.42 6 3
Rolled Band on Cast Iron or Steel 0.30 6 4
Wood on Cast Iron 0.25
Wood on Steel 0.20
Leather on Cast Iron 0.17
Bronze on Cast Iron 0.16
Bronze on Steel 0.18
Bronze on Bronze
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Diagram of a Shoe Brake Applied by a Weight
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Table 4.4 Maximum Permissible Unit Pressures for Shoe Brakes
Unit Pressure [kgf/cm2]
Materials of Rubbing Surfaces Holding Lowering
Brake Brake
Cast iron on cast iron 20 15
Steel on cast iron 20 15
Steel on steel 4 2
Asbestos brake band on metal 6 3
Rolled band on metal 6 4
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Band Brakes
The braking torque is obtained
due to friction of flexible band
over the surface of the brake
wheel.
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Tension in the Band and Unit Pressure on the Drum
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Table 4.5 Safe Unit Pressures in kg/cm2
Material of Rubbing Surfaces
Type of Steel Band on Asbestos Brake Wood
Brake CI or Steel Band on Steel on CI
Drum or CI Drum Drum
Holding 15 6 6
Lowering 10 3 4
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Simple Band Brakes
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Hoisting Mechanism
In any lifting drive, the hoisting mechanism is
considered to be the vital element. Irrespective of
design it incorporates the drive, the transmission, the
drum or sprocket, the flexible appliance, the grabbing
attachment, the brake, and the structure to support
these components.
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Classification of Hoisting mechanisms
1. Hand power drives
2. Individual power drives
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1. Hand Power Hoisting Mechanisms
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2. Individual Power Drive
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Travelling Gear / Rail Travelling Mechanisms
1. Hand-operated drive
2. Individual power drive
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1. Hand-operated drive
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2. Individual power drive
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