I.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the words) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined phrase in each of the following questions.
Question 1. The wise say that life is meant not merely to accumulate wealth but for self-realization.
A. scatter B. produce C. gather D. amass
Question 2. Real happiness does not lie in material possessions alone.
A. spiritual B. essential C. physical D. manual
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the
otherthree in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3. A. preservation B. disappointed C. ecotourism D. relaxation
Question 4. A. legitimacy B. telepathy C. peninsula D. relativism
Question 5. A. refrigerator B. multifunctional C. unbelievable D. technological
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined phrase in each of the following questions.
Question 6. The debate as to whether Shakespeare was the author of the plays and sonnets published under
his name has continued posthumously for several centuries.
A. with an element of humor B. after his death
C. in the light of new discoveries D. with many interruptions
Question 7. I had tried to sketch an aspect of life that I had seen and known, and that was very well
indeed, and I had wrought patiently and carefully in the art of the poor little affair.
A. a part B. a nature C. a character D. an appearance
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 8. Joseph's English_________, isn't it? He______American television programs every day since he
first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.
A. is really improving; has been watching B. has really improved; has watched
C. really improves; watches D. is really improving; watches
Question 9. In Britain the_______on a letter is now twelve pence.
A. postage B. post C. postal D. posting
Question 10. No decision has been taken about the building of the new airport. The authorities are still____
A. beating about the bush B. comparing notes
C. holding their ground D. sitting on the fence
Question 11. Steve_____his chances of passing by spending too much time on the first question.
A. threw out B. threw off C. threw away D. threw in
Question 12. First we see their faces from far away, and then we see a____
A. face to face B. foreground C. close up D. side by side
Question 13. The jury _____her compliments_____her excellent knowledge of the subject.
A. returned/ to B. paid/ on C. returned/ on D. paid/ to
Question 14. I threw some biscuit____on the ground and a whole load of pigeons swooped down and started
eating them.
A. grains B. specks C. flakes D. crumbs
Question 15. ____discussed by the beard of directors when it was proposed again by the supervisors
A. The problem had already been B. The problem has already
C. The problem had already D. The problem had been already
Question 16. Like Thomas Berger's fictional character Little Big Man, Lauderdale managed to find himself
where _______of important events took place.
A. an extraordinary number B. there was an extraordinary number
C. it was an extraordinary number D. an extraordinary number existed
Question 17. I know you're upset about breaking up with Tony but there are plenty more____
A. cows in the field B. tigers in the zoo C. horses in the stable D. fish in the sea
Question 18. This insect is completely____, I’ve never seen anything like that before.
A. out of the way B. off the track C. off the way D. out of sight
Question 19._____when they learned that the chairman would not be able to join the meeting.
A. Hardly had the committee learned the reason of the meeting
B. It wasn't until they got a phone call about an urgent meeting the next day
C. However professional they tried to be seen
D. When they realized why they were all there in that early time of the day
Question 20. Rosa was so____of coming in the first in the contest that she did not even train for it.
A. objective B. confident C. satisfied D. optimistic
Question 21.______, Americans eat a light breakfast. They usually don't eat a lot of food in the morning.
A. Fair and square B. Odds and ends C. Ins and outs D. By and large
Question 22._____invited, so we three won't come to her wedding. If you are invited, you should go.
A. Not only I but also my parents are B. Either my parents or I are not
C. Neither my parents nor I am D. Both my parents and I are
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 23. A. position B. pleasure C. desert D. resort
Question 24. A. knowledge B. ecosystem C. technology D. commodity
VI. Read the text and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each space.
More than a chore
Day after day, parents must handle all the responsibilities of work, family and home. While many face
physical and psychological difficulties, they often lack an effective (25)_____strangely and frequently feel
guilty about asking their children for help. Now studies have shown that asking children to do a regular chore
or two around the house is not only important for (26)____parents' stress but it also plays a vital role in
(27)_____responsibility and self-reliance in the children. (28)____by sorting the laundry, setting the table or
preparing a meal, children from the age of four can become more involved in the smooth running of the
household and thus develop their self-esteem. A schedule of chores can be difficult to (29)___at first. Parents
are advised to lead by (30)___and to let the children choose the days and times they will deal with their
chores. In the (31)___run, their children will be better (32)___to face real-world challenges.
Question 25. A. indulging B. coping C. implementing D. treating
Question 26. A. refraining B. recuperating C. relaying D. relieving
Question 27. A. detecting B. honouring C. fostering D. exercising
Question 28. A. Except B. While C. Only D. Whether
Question 29. A. establish B. address C. model D. elaborate
Question 30. A. moderation B. principle C. example D. impulse
Question 31. A. first B. long C. practice D. short
Question 32. A. equipped B. bonded C. enhanced D. intensified
VIl. The passage below contains 7 errors in spelling, grammar, word form. The first error is corrected
as an example numbered (0). Find the other errors and write the corrections in the corresponding
boxes numbered 33-38 in the answer-sheet.

Line An old tradition

1 Ceremonies conected with natural springs of water or wells are very old
2 European customs, which now only survive in a few places in the British Isles
3 Records indicate that decorating wells was one previously quite common. In one
4 small village in England, Bisley, all of the wells and springs in the surrounding
5 area are decorated with thousands of flowers once a year. However, no part of
6 the country compares with the hills of Derbyshire, where around thirty or so
7 villages are famous for traditional well-dressed, putting flower pictures beside
8 each well every summer. The uncredibly strong frames supporting the pictures
9 are first soaked in a nearby stream or pond (this extends the life of the exhibit)
10 and then covered with a layer of clay, mixed with water and salt. Full- sized
11 drawings of the final picture, most often a religious scene, is laid on the clay.
12 The outlines are then pricked through with a sharp tool. The picture is made by
13 pushing small berries or seeds into the clay along the lines, and filling in the
14 colours with moss and flower petals. Each of the pieces overlaps the previous
15 one, like tiles on a roof, to reduce rain damages. In this way, the spectacular
16 flower pictures last about a week, during which time everyone in the village is
 17 involved in the anual fair, put on to entertain and amuse tourists.

Example:
0. conected (line 1) → connected
VIlI. Supply the correct form of the words given in the brackets. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet.
In a scenario, straight out of apocalyptic science fiction, it is warned that as soon as 2040, Al machines would
(39)_____(COURAGE) nations to take apocalyptic risks with their nuclear stashes. A paper commissioned by
the RAND Corporation, a nonprofit in Santa Monica, Cali., that offers research and analysis to the armed
forces on global policy issues, says it's (40)_____(CONCEPT) that Al - as well as the
(41)________(PROLIFERATE) of drones, satellites and other (42) ____(SENSE) - could lead to nuclear war
with (43)____(OVERWHELM) grave consequences for humanity.
"(44)____(AUTONOMY) systems don't need to kill people to (45)______(MINE) stability and make
catastrophic war more likely," said Edward Gest, an associate policy researcher at RAND, a specialist in
nuclear security and co-author of the paper. "New AI (46)____(CAPABLE) might make people think they are
going to lose if they hesitate. That could give them itchier trigger fingers. At that point, Al will be making war
more likely, even though the humans are still in control. The study was based on data collected from experts
in nuclear issues, government branches, Al research and policy and national security.
"These experts fear that an (47)___(INCREASE) reliance on Al can lead to new types of catastrophic
mistakes," added Andrew Lohn, co-author of the paper and associate engineer at RAND. "There may be
pressure to use Al before it is (48) ____(TECHNOLOGY) mature, or it may be susceptible to adversarial
subversion. Therefore, maintaining strategic stability in the coming decades may prove extremely difficult and
all nuclear powers must participate in the cultivation of institution to help limit nuclear risk."
IX. You are going to read a text about eternal youth. For questions 49-58, choose from the sections
A-F.
Forever Young
A The dream of youth is as old as time, and people have gone to great lengths to preserve
themselves. It is said that Cleopatra bathed daily in milk to preserve the beauty two great Romans
fell in love with. Countless Erszebet Bathory of Hungary was said to have drunk the blood of
hundreds of young women in the mistaken belief that it would keep her like them; it is from here,
among other sources, that the legend of the vampire came from. Indeed, literature abounds with
such stories; The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is one - it recounts the story of a beautiful
young man who makes a deal so that his portrait grows old instead of him.

B It was not until the twentieth century that the health care industry branched out into the preservation
of the body, producing the efficacious, and most profitable arm of medicine today. Treatments
generally rely on plastic surgery of one sort or another; facelifts, tummy-tucks, liposuction and the
like. Yourlocal chemist will also testify that anti-wrinkle creams sell well, and pills containing vitamin
boosts,hormones and herbal concoctions can keep you looking good all the way to the end.

C But there lies the problem. The average lifespan is about 70 years, the maximum 120-odd. We don't
even rank at the top of the animal kingdom - giant tortoises get up to 150 often enough, and the
giant clam 200 (though both have low-stress lifestyles). So the quest of the ages has always been
for immortality as well as youth, and the traditional paths to this are two. The first is religion and
either everlasting life after death or reincarnation. The other method is by way of people's minds;
the immortality of fame. As long as people talk about you, you live; Shakespeare is not called the
Immortal Bard for nothing. To be gone from the minds of the collective unconscious is to truly die.

D But neither option is enough for some people. As Woody Allen said, 'I don't want to achieve
immortality through my work. I want to achieve immortality by not dying.' Many people throughout
history have left the same way, and have striven to find a way to reach this most happy of goals. The
Chinese thought the precious metal gold was the key, to be drunk down as dust in a liquid
suspension. The alchemists, ancestors of present-day chemists, felt that since they believed that
 base metals such as lead could become gold, so gold could be refined into the most precious
material of all: the Philosopher's Stone, source of eternal youth.

E Today the search continues. People who are close to death even have the choice of cryonics; to
have their bodies or just their heads frozen solid, to be thawed out once science has solved the
problems of disease and old age. And it is hard at work; the science of genetics is looking into the
possibility of there being some kind of trigger in our chromosomes which tells our bodies to start to
slow down and wrinkle up. If it is found, the theory goes, couldn't it be switched off? Computer
technology, too, is on the act. Once the necessary level of complexity has been reached, couldn't our
personalities be simply downloaded onto a hard drive, to live there in the machine for all time?

F There is a warning, however, in every tale and myth of eternal life; that those who lose that fear or
knowledge of death cease to be fully human. Dorian Gray lived for his pleasure and his needs alone,
no matter what suffering they caused. The vampire, of course, has eternal life (being undead), but
preys on the living and is hunted by them. The one thing we know for sure is that one day we will
die. Is it not this knowledge that fills us with the urge to create beyond ourselves, leave something
behind, whether in the form of stories, inventions, children or whatever? And is it not in these that
our greatest achievements lie?

In which section are the following mentioned?

a belief that converting metallic substances could provide the key to everlasting youth 49._____
those who attain eternal youth in literature pay for it with their humanity 50._____
medical procedures are effective in creating a youthful appearance 51._____
the realization of immortality through making your mark on history 52._____
individuals being preserved in the hope of medical breakthroughs resulting in extending their 53._____
lives
the prevalence of the preoccupation with immortality in written works 54._____
our mortal state inspiring us to great heights 55._____
how products which promise to retain youth are extremely lucrative 56._____
not being content at the achievement of immortality through enduring fame 57._____
the conviction that immortality is obtainable in the afterlife 58._____
X. You are going to read an extract from an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the
extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (59-65). There is one extra
paragraph which you do not need to use.
EXERCISE AND THOSE WITH MOBILITY PROBLEMS
We live in an exercise-crazy society. Wherever you look, there are people trying to shape up and slim down.
Gyms are cropping up all over the place. On the surface, they all look the same and may offer the same
services. However, when you peel back the veneer, there are differences people should be aware of.
59
"The biggest problem is the lack of knowledge and education," says one fitness expert. "There are very few
gyms that have staff trained to deal with those with special needs. They'll sign you up but don't know how to
help you. A further problem is the unsuitability of the building itself."
60
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) categorises gyms and fitness centres under the umbrella of places
of public accommodation. They must follow the same rules and guidelines as those which apply to hotels and
restaurants. For example, their shower facilities must be wheelchair accessible.
61
Some owners of gyms try to find ways to alleviate this problem. "A number of our facilities are on two levels,
but for whatever equipment we have on one level, there's usually a complement on the other level as well,"
says one owner. "No one has to go to the second level to use a piece of equipment."
 62
"The trouble is in the definition of the phrase," says the legal advisor of an organization that represents 400
health clubs world-wide. "We don't have an easy checklist to determine compliance. It's hard to say
what's reasonable for any particular facility."
63
"The suggestion came from our participants," says the manager of a new fitness centre in New York City.
"They wanted to find a place to work out and exercise. They'd been trying to make use of city facilities but
had found them inaccessible. We took the idea to some people who we thought might be interested in
funding the project."
64
One such manufacturer says he's had a lot of difficulty trying to sell his equipment to gyms and fitness
centres across the country. "There's a lot of red tape involved in selling to gyms. And they're really not
interested in having this kind of equipment. They'd rather have their staff members help disabled clients:
They disregard the issue because they don't have many members or potential members with disabilities.
65
"What needs to be done is to educate the public and those who are working in gyms," says the manager of a
gym in Venice, California. "We need to better understand the needs of this group. They don't have to stay
away from clubs; they don't have to stand out."
LIST OF MISSING PARAGRAPHS
A Many gyms follow these rules, but some don't. Like other establishments, they either claim poverty or
say they are reasonably accessible. However, according to the law, buildings with only two floors don't need
a lift. Unfortunately, many gyms are housed in two-storey buildings.
B No two gyms are exactly alike. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses. Of all the things a
prospective consumer should look at, the principal item is the staff. Do the trainers and assistants have
experience working with disabled individuals? The answer is commonly "no".
C A lot of times, navigating a chair in a fitness centre or gym is difficult. We try to place as much
equipment to service as many clients as possible so no one has to wait. Unfortunately, that's a double-
edged sword. It means that navigating around the club is often difficult.
D Standard gyms aside, people with disabilities sometimes prefer to exercise in a place where they
know the staff is knowledgeable of their needs. This is why a few speciality gyms are opening up around the
country
E When you visit a gym, the first thing you see is the layout. The first impression answers many
questions that should be asked by prospective consumers with disabilities. Is the gym multi-level? Is there a
lift? Is the locker room accessible?
F Finding appropriate equipment for the centre, however, is not an easy task. Access is limited due to
awkward equipment design, making it difficult for people with mobility impairments to transfer onto
pieces of equipment that might otherwise provide them with a good workout. Nevertheless, there are people
who do build equipment with disabled users specifically in mind.
G Fortunately, times are changing and people with disabilities are working out in the gym. Markets for
special populations like the disabled are growing. Younger people with disabilities aren't willing to just sit at
home and the newer club administrators are beginning to understand their needs. Out of necessity, clubs are
becoming more aware of how to deal with special populations like the disabled.
H It is difficult to hold small, privately owned gyms to any kind of standard in terms of physical layout.
Chain gyms are somewhat easier to regulate. Most gyms are housed in already existing buildings. They stick
to the letter of the law and the rather flimsy definition of "reasonable accommodation".

XI. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space.
WHY TEACH HISTORY?
The teaching of history in secondary schools is a matter of continuing debate among educators and
historians (66)______. Those who argue in (67)______of learning history by rote are fortunately the last
(68)______a dying breed, but there are still many educators as well as parents (69)_____lament the recent
decline of young people's awareness of important historical events. Proponents of (70)____view maintain
that there is a body of knowledge about our collective past which must be handed (71) from one
generation to the next.
Others, however, argue that skills such as analysis, critical thinking, research and writing are of greater value
to students in the long run. They also point (72)______that the very question of whose history should be
taught to secondary school students (73)____yet to be satisfactorily answered. Both the history of women
and (74)____of minority groups have been overlooked in conventional history teaching, and supporters of
this latter view ask: "Isn't (75)____history ours, as well?"
XII. Complete the second sentence, using the word given so that it has a similar meaning to the
sentence printed before. Write between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given in
bracket, in the space provided on the answer sheet. Do not change the word given in the brackets in
any way.
76. I haven't been told clearly what I'll have to do in my next project at work. REQUIRED
→ It hasn't been made_______________________me in my next project at work.
77. What gave you the impression that Sue and Jack were going to split up? LED
→ What was_____________________that Sue and Jack were going to split up?
78. I tried as hard as I could to make sure that this problem would not arise. POWER
→ I__________________________this problem from arising.
79. I don't think it was reasonable of you to complain so much about the service. JUSTIFIED
→ I don't think you ____________________fuss about the service.
80. Laura was faced by a lot of problems during her childhood. CONTEND
→ Laura had a____________________during her childhood.
XIII. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the
sentence printed before it.
81. I only recognized him when he came into the light.
→ It was not until____________________________________________
82. Mass tourism has been one of the causes of the environmental problems.
→ Mass tourism is__________________________________________
83. The only reason the party was a success was that a famous film star attended.
→ Had it not_______________________________________________
84. She says she finds nothing unusual about the traffic in this country.
→ She says she is_____________________________________________
85. The spectators got so angry that they had to cancel the football match.
→ Such __________________________________________________
XIV. Write a paragraph of around 150 words to answer the following question:
What do you think is the best way for children to spend their free time?
Give reasons and examples to support your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________