Repeaters 2024-Jee Main - Mathematics(Study Material)
CHAPTER - 23
VECTORS
Important Results
1. Triangle law of vectors. If OA a , AB b then OA AB OB ie., OB a b
2. If O is a fixed point and P any point then OP r represents the position vector of P..
3. AB = Position vector of B - Position vector of A
4. a and ma are collinear where m is a scalar
5. If a , b, c are coplanar then any one of them can be expresed as a linear combination of the other two.
ie. a xb yc
6. If a, b, c are non coplanar then any r xa yb zc
7. If a, b, c are non coplanar and xa yb zc 0 then x = y = z = 0
8. To prove A, B, C are collinear, find AB, BC and show that one of them is a scalar multiple of the other
9. To prove A, B, C, D are coplanar, find AB, AC, AD and show that these are coplanar..
10. Section formula : If a and b are the position vectors of A and B then position vector of a point dividing
l b ma
AB in the ratio l : m is given by r l m
ab
11. P.V. of the midpoint of AB
2
abc
12. P.V. of the centroid of triangle ABC is where a, b, c are the position vectors of A, B, C respectively..
3
13. Dot product or Scalar product a. b a b cos where is the angle between a and b
a. b
14. cos
a b
a. b a.b
15. Scalar projection of b in the direction of a b
a , scalar projection of a in the direction of b
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STUDY CENTRE
Projection of b on a b
Projection of a on b a
F a. b I a
16. Vector projection of b in the direction of a GGH a JJK a
r.a r.a
Component of r in the direction of a 2 a and perpendicular to a r 2 a
a a
17. a. b b. a
18. If a and b are non zero vectors and a. b 0 then a and b are perpendicular , if a.b 0 then is obtuse,
if a.b 0 , is acute
19. ba g 2
a . a a2
a b a b a b. a b a
2 2 2 2
20. a 2 b 2 2a.b; a 2 b 2 2a.b; b a 2 b2
21. d i
a. b c a. b a. c
22. If i, j, k are unit vectors along the co - ordinate axes then
i. i j. j k. k 1, i. j j. i j. k k. j k. i i. k 0
23. If r xi y j zk then r x 2 y 2 z 2
24. If P is (x, y, z) then the position vector of P xi y j zk
25. If a a 1 i a 2 j a 3 k , b b1 i b 2 j b 3 k then a. b a 1b1 a 2 b 2 a 3 b 3
a 1 b1 a 2 b 2 a 3 b 3
cos
26. In the above,
a 12 b12
27. If a and b are perpendicular then a 1b1 a 2 b 2 a 3 b 3 0
28. Cross product or vector product a b a b sin n where n is a unit vector perpendicular to the plane
containing a and b such that a , b, n form a right handed triad.
29. Area of the parallelogram whose adjacent sides are a and b is | a b |
1
30. Area of ABC | AB AC |
2
2
Repeaters 2024-Jee Main - Mathematics(Study Material)
i j k
31. If a a 1 i a 2 j a 3 k , b b1 i b 2 j b 3 k then a b a 1 a2 a3
b1 b2 b3
ab
32. A unit vector perpendicular to the plane of a and b is
|ab|
33. a b b a and b a a b
34. aa 0
35. If a and b are collinear then a b 0
36. a (b c) a b a c
37. i i j j k k 0 and i j k, j k i , k i j and j i k k j i , i k j
ab
38. sin
ab
1
39. If a, b, c are the vertices of a ABC then | b c c a a b | . If the points a, b, c are collinear
2
then | b c c a a b | 0
a b a.b
2 2 2 2
40. a b
1
41. Area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are d 1 and d 2 is d1 d 2
2
1
42. Area of the quadrilateral whose diagonals are d 1 and d 2 is d1 d 2
2
43. da bi. c or a.db ci is called the scalar tripple product of a, b, c and is denoted by da, b, ci or da b ci
If a.b b. c c.a 0 then ( a , b , c ) | a || b || c |
a1 a2 a3
44. d i
a , b, c b1 b2 b 3 where
a a1i a 2 j a 3 k, b=b1 i b 2 j b3 k, c=c1 i c2 j c3 k
c1 c2 c3
45. In a scalar tripple product the dot and the cross can be interchanged ie., a b. c a. b c
3
STUDY CENTRE
46. d a , b , c i d b , c, a i d c, a , b i
47. d a , b , c i d a , c , b i d b , a , c i
48. d a , a , b i d a , b , b i d a , c , ci 0
49. da, b, ci Volume of the parallelopiped whose coterminus edges are a, b, c
50. If A l1a l2 b l3 c, B m1a m2 b m3c , C n1a n2 b n3 c then
l1 l2 l3
c h
A , B, C m1 m2 d
m3 a , b, c i
n1 n2 n3
51. If a , b, c are non zero, non parallel vectors then a , b, c are coplanar if ( a , b, c ) = 0
52. If a , b, c are coplanar then a b, b c, c a , also are coplanar, again
a b, b c, c a ; a b, b c, c a also are coplanar vectors
53. i j. k j k. i k i. j 3
54. a b, b c, c a 0
55. a b, b c , c a 2 a , b , c
a.a a.b a.c
56. d i 2
a b, b c, c a a, b, c = b.a b.b b.c
c.a c.b c.c
d i d i d i
57. Vector tripple product a b c a. c b a. b c
a Outer vector, c remote vector, b adjacent vector
d i
a b c (outer . remote) adjacent - (outer . adjacent) remote
Note : a (b c) is coplanar with b and c , A unit vector. Unit vector perpendicular to a and coplanar
a b c
with b and c is given by n
| a b c |
Again a b c a.c b b.c a . In general a b c a b c
If a (b c) (a b) c then (c a) b 0 and a is parallel to c
4
Repeaters 2024-Jee Main - Mathematics(Study Material)
58. e j e j e j
i a i j a j k a k 2a
59. i d j ki 0
60. a d b ci b dc a i c da bi 0
61. a d b ci, b dc a i, c da bi are coplanar
a a b
62. A unit vector perpendicular to a and coplanar with a and b is given by n | a a b |
63. da bi dc di ab..cc a. d
b. d
64. a b c d a, c, d b b, c, d a
and a b c d a, b, d c a, b, c d
d
d, b, c a d, c, a b d, a, b c
a, b, c
/ / /
65. If a , b, c and a , b , c are reciprocal system of vectors where ( a , b, c ) ¹ 0 then
/ bc / ca / ab
a ,b ,c
(a, b, c) (a, b, c) (a, b, c)
66
/ / /
Any vector r r. a a r.b b r. c c or r r. a a r. b b r.c c
/ / /
67. a . a / b . b / c . c / 3; / / /
a a b b c c 0; a.b / a. c / = b. a / b. c / c. a / c. b / 0
abc
/ / /
a b b c c a
/ / /
( a , b , c)
; da , b, ciea , b , c j 1, ca b ch.ca
/ / / /
h
b/ c/ 3
68. If F is the force causing displacement S then work done = F. S
69. Moment of the force F about a point P is PQ F where Q is a point on the line of action of F .
d i
70. Moment of a couple = r1 r2 F where r1 and r2 are the position vectors of the points of application
of F and - F respectively..
5
STUDY CENTRE
71. a b a b a is perpendicular to b; a b a b a is parallel to b
2 2 2
a b a b a is perpendicular to b, a b a b angle between a and b is
d i d i d i
72. If u is any vector then u. i i u. j j u. k k u
73. In triangle ABC, if D, E, F are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB respectively then
AD BE CF 0 and AB AC 2AD
1
74. If A, B, C, D are the vertices of a tetrahedron ABCD, then its volume = AB, AC, AD
6
75. If a, b, c form the sides BC, CA, AB of a triangle ABC then a b b c c a and if
a b b c c a then a b c 0
BC a CA b ABc
76. Position vector of the incentre of triangle ABC is where a, b, c are the position
BC CA AB
vectors of A,B,C.
77. If a, b, c form a right handed system then c a b . If they form a left handed system then c a b
78. If a , b, c are mutually perpendicular then a b c a 2 b 2 c 2
79. If a perpendicular to b c, b, perpendicular to c a , c perpendicular a b then
a b c a 2 b2 c2
a. i a. j a. k
2 2 2
80. a2
a i a j a k
2 2 2
81. 2a 2
6
Repeaters 2024-Jee Main - Mathematics(Study Material)
PART I - (JEEMAIN LEVEL)
QUESTIONS
SECTION - I
1. If vectors A B 3iˆ 4 kˆ and AC 5iˆ 2 ˆj 4kˆ are the sides of triangle ABC,
then the length of the median through A is
(1) 14 (2) 18 (3) 29 (4) 5
2. If a iˆ ˆj kˆ , b 4iˆ 3 ˆj 4kˆ and c iˆ ˆj kˆ are linearly dependent vectors
and c 3 then the values of & are
(1) 1, 1 (2) 1, 1 (3) 1, 1 (4) 1, 1
3. If iˆ 3 ˆj 5kˆ bisects the angle between a and iˆ 2 ˆj 2kˆ , where a is a unit vector, then
1 1
(1) a (41iˆ 88 ˆj 40kˆ) (2) a (41iˆ 88 ˆj 40kˆ)
105 105
1 1
(3) a ( 41iˆ 88 ˆj 40kˆ) (4) a (41iˆ 88 ˆj 40kˆ )
105 105
4. If a, b and c are vectors such that a b c 0 and | a | 7 , | b | 5 and | c | 3 ,
then the angle between b and c is
(1) 600 (2) 300 (3) 450 (4) 90 0
5. If a , b and c are three unit vectors inclined to each other at an angle ,
then the maximum value of is
2 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 2 3 6
6. If r x1 (a b) x2 (b a ) x3 (c d ) and 4[a b c] 1 , then x1 x2 x3 is equal to
1 1
(1) r (a b c) (2) r (a b c)
2 4
(3) 2r ( a b c ) (4) 4r ( a b c )
7
STUDY CENTRE
7.
Let O be the origin of the coordinate system in the Cartesian plane, OP and OR be vectors
making angle 450 and 1350 respectively with the positive directions of the x-axis (i.e., in the
counter clock wise). Rectangle OPQR is completed and M is the midpoint of PQ. If the line OM
meets the diagonal PR at T, and | OP | 3 , | OR | 4 , then OT is
1 ˆ ˆ 2 ˆ 2 ˆ 2 ˆ
(1) (i j ) (2) (i 5 ˆj ) (3) (i 5 ˆj ) (4) (i 5 ˆj )
2 3 3 3
8.
Let a , b , c be vectors of equal magnitude such that the angle between a and b is ,b and c
is and c and a is . Then the minimum value of cos cos cos is
1 1 3 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2
9. Let a , b , c be unit vectors such that a b a c 0 and the angle between b and c is . If
6
a n(b c ) , then value of n is
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 0
10. a 2iˆ ˆj 2kˆ and b iˆ ˆj if c is a vector such that a c | c | , | a c | 2 2 and the angle
between a b and c is 300 , then | (a b) c | =
(1) 2/3 (2) 3/2 (3) 2 (4) 3
11. If D, E, F are midpoints of the sides BC, CA, AB respectively of a triangle ABC and O is any point then
2 1
AD BE CF =
3 3
1
A) AC B) 2AC C) AC D) 0
2
12. Let a 3iˆ 2 ˆj 2kˆ and b iˆ 2 ˆj 2kˆ be two vectors. If a vector perpendicular to both the
vectors a b and a b has the magnitude 12 then one such vector is
(1) 4(2iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ ) (2) 4( 2iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ) (3) 4(2iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ ) (4) 4(2iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ )
13. Let a 2iˆ 1 ˆj 3kˆ , b 4iˆ (3 2 ) ˆj 6kˆ and c 3iˆ 6 ˆj (3 1)kˆ be three vectors such
that b 2a and a is perpendicular to c . Then a possible value of (1 , 2 , 3 ) is:
1 1
(1) , 4, 2 (2) , 4, 0 (3) (1, 3, 1) (4) (1, 5, 1)
2 2
8
Repeaters 2024-Jee Main - Mathematics(Study Material)
14. Let a ˆi ˆj 2k,
ˆ b b ˆi b ˆj 2kˆ and c 5iˆ ˆj 2kˆ be three vectors such that the projection of
1 2
b on a is a . If a b is perpendicular to c, then b is equal to
(1) 22 (2) 4 (3) 32 (4) 6
15.
Let a iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ and b iˆ ˆj kˆ be two vectors. If c is a vector such that b c b a and
c a 0 , then c b is equal to
1 1 3
(1) (2) – 1 (3) (4)
2 2 2
16. The magnitude of the projection of the vector 2iˆ 3 ˆj kˆ on the vector perpendicular to the plane
containing the vectors iˆ ˆj kˆ and iˆ 2 ˆj 3kˆ , is:
3 3
(1) (2) (3) 6 (4) 3 6
2 2
17. Let a 3iˆ 2 ˆj xkˆ and b iˆ ˆj kˆ for some real x . Then | a b | r is possible if:
3 3 3 3 3 3
(1) 3 r5 (2) 0 r (3) r 3 (4) r 5
2 2 2 2 2 2
18. Let 3iˆ ˆj , iˆ 3 ˆj and iˆ (1 ) ˆj respectively be the position vectors of the points A, B
and C with respect to the origin O. If the distance of C from the bisector of the acute angle
3
between OA and OB is , then the sum of all possible values of is:
2
(1) 2 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 4
Assertion & Reasoning
(a) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
statement-I.
(b) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
statement-I.
(c) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false.
(d) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true.
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STUDY CENTRE
19. Statement-I: If u and v are unit vectors inclined at an angle and x is a unit vector bisecting the angle
uv
between them, then x .
2sin
2
Statement-II: If ABC is an isosceles triangles with AB = AC = 1, then vectors representing bisector of angle
AB AC
A is given by AB .
2
1 1
20. a and c are unit vectors and b 4 . The angle between a and c is cos 4 . If b 2c a then value
of is
1 3 1 3
A) 3, 4 B) , C) 3, 4 D) ,
4 4 4 4
SECTION - II
Numerical type Questions
21. If a , b and c are unit vectors satisfying | a b |2 | b c |2 | c a |2 9 , then | 2a 5b 5c | is ___________
22. a , b , c are 3 unit vectors such that each is inclined at an angle with the other. A unit vector d is equally
inclined with these vectors at an angle , then 4 cos 3 cos 2 is ___________
23. Let V 1 iˆ ˆj 2kˆ , V 2 iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ , V 3 2iˆ 2 ˆj kˆ are three vectors. Let V be a vector such that it can
be expressed as a linear combination of V 1 and V 2 also V V 3 0 and the projection of vector V on iˆ ˆj kˆ
is 6 3 . If V t (iˆ 3 ˆj 4kˆ) then the absolute value of ' t ' is ___________
iˆ 2 ˆj 2iˆ ˆj 3kˆ
24. If a and b are vectors in space given by a and b , then the value of
5 14
(2a b) [(a b) ( a 2b)] is ___________
25. Let a , b , c be coplanar unit vectors such that b c cos , c a cos , a b cos then the value of
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 2 cos cos cos is ___________
10
