CHAPTER 1

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

1. If A is the set of students of a school then write, which of following

relations are. (Universal, Empty or neither of the two).

R1 = {(a, b) : a, b are ages of students and |a – b|  0}

R2 = {(a, b) : a, b are weights of students, and |a – b| < 0}

R3 = {(a, b) : a, b are students studying in same class}

2. Is the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined as R = {(a, b) : b

= a + 1} reflexive?

3. If R, is a relation in set N given by

R = {(a, b) : a = b – 3, b > 5},

then does elements (5, 7)  R?

4. If f : {1, 3}  {1, 2, 5} and g : {1, 2, 5}  {1, 2, 3, 4} be given by

f = {(1, 2), (3, 5)}, g = {(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}

Write down gof.

5. Let g, f : R  R be defined by

x 2
g x   , f  x   3x  2. Write fog.
3
6. If f : R  R defined by

2x  1
f x  
5
be an invertible function, write f–1(x).

x
7. If f  x    x  1, Write fo f  x  .
x 1

8. Let * is a Binary operation defined on R, then if

(i) a * b = a + b + ab, write 3 * 2

1
 a  b 2
(ii) a *b  , Write  2 * 3 * 4.
3

9. If n(A) = n(B) = 3, Then how many bijective functions from A to B can be

formed?

10. If f (x) = x + 1, g(x) = x – 1, Then (gof) (3) = ?

11. Is f : N  N given by f(x) = x2 is one-one? Give reason.

12. If f : R  A, given by

f(x) = x2 – 2x + 2 is onto function, find set A.

13. If f : A  B is bijective function such that n (A) = 10, then n (B) = ?

14. If n(A) = 5, then write the number of one-one functions from A to A.

15. R = {(a, b) : a, b  N, a  b and a divides b}. Is R reflexive? Give reason?

16. Is f : R  R, given by f(x) = |x – 1| is one-one? Give reason?

17. f : R  B given by f(x) = sin x is onto function, then write set B.

 1 x   2x 
18. If f  x   log  , show that f   2f  x .
 1  x   1  x 2 
ab
19. If ‘*’ is a binary operation on set Q of rational numbers given by a * b 
5
then write the identity element in Q.

20. If * is Binary operation on N defined by a * b = a + ab  a, b  N. Write

the identity element in N if it exists.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 Marks)

21. Check the following functions for one-one and onto.

2x  3
(a) f : R  R , f (x ) 
7
(b) f : R  R, f(x) = |x + 1|

3x  1
(c) f : R – {2}  R, f  x  
x 2

2
 (d) f : R  [–1, 1], f(x) = sin2x

22. Consider the binary operation * on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} defined by

a* b = H.C.F. of a and b. Write the operation table for the operation *.

23. Let f : R   
4
3
R 
4
3  be a function given by f  x  
4x
3x  4
. Show
4x
that f is invertible with f  x  
1
.
4  3x
24. Let R be the relation on set A = {x : x  Z, 0  x  10} given by
R = {(a, b) : (a – b) is multiple of 4}, is an equivalence relation. Also, write
all elements related to 4.

3x  4
25. Show that function f : A  B defined as f  x   where
5x  7
7 3
A  R    , B  R    is invertible and hence find f –1.
 
5 5
26. Let * be a binary operation on Q. Such that a * b = a + b – ab.

(i) Prove that * is commutative and associative.

(ii) Find identify element of * in Q (if it exists).

2a
27. If * is a binary operation defined on R – {0} defined by a * b  , then
b2
check * for commutativity and associativity.

28. If A = N × N and binary operation * is defined on A as

(a, b) * (c, d) = (ac, bd).

(i) Check * for commutativity and associativity.

(ii) Find the identity element for * in A (If it exists).

29. Show that the relation R defined by (a, b) R(c, d)  a + d = b + c on

the set N × N is an equivalence relation.

30. Let * be a binary operation on set Q defined by a * b  ab , show that

4
(i) 4 is the identity element of * on Q.

3
 (ii) Every non zero element of Q is invertible with

16
a 1  , a  Q  0  .
a

1
31. Show that f : R+  R+ defined by f  x   is bijective where R+ is the
2x
set of all non-zero positive real numbers.

32. Consider f : R+  [–5, ) given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x – 5 show that f is

1 x  6 1
invertible with f  .
3
33. If ‘*’ is a binary operation on R defined by a * b = a + b + ab. Prove that
* is commutative and associative. Find the identify element. Also show
that every element of R is invertible except –1.

34. If f, g : R  R defined by f(x) = x2 – x and g(x) = x + 1 find (fog) (x) and

(gof) (x). Are they equal?

1
35. f : [1, )  [2,  ) is given by f  x   x  , find f 1  x  .
x
36. f : R  R, g : R  R given by f(x) = [x], g(x) = |x| then find

2   2 
fog    and gof    .
3 3

ANSWERS
1. R1 : is universal relation.

R2 : is empty relation.

R3 : is neither universal nor empty.

2. No, R is not reflexive.

3. (5, 7)  R

4. gof = {(1, 3), (3, 1)}

5. (fog)(x) = x  x  R

4
 5x  1
6. f 1  x  
2
x 1
7. fof   x   ,x 
2x  1 2
8. (i) 3 * 2 = 11

1369
(ii)
27

9. 6

10. 3

11. Yes, f is one-one   x 1, x 2  N  x 12  x 22 .

12. A = [1, ) because Rf = [1, )

13. n(B) = 10

14. 120.

15. No, R is not reflexive  a, a   R  a  N

16. f is not one-one functions

 f(3) = f (–1) = 2

3  – 1 i.e. distinct element has same images.

17. B = [–1, 1]

19. e = 5

20. Identity element does not exist.

21. (a) Bijective

(b) Neither one-one nor onto.
(c) One-one, but not onto.
(d) Neither one-one nor onto.

5
22.
* 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
3 1 1 3 1 1
4 1 2 1 4 1
5 1 1 1 1 5

24. Elements related to 4 are 0, 4, 8.

7x  4
25. f 1  x  
5x  3
26. 0 is the identity element.

27. Neither commutative nor associative.

28. (i) Commutative and associative.

(ii) (1, 1) is identity in N × N

33. 0 is the identity element.

34. (fog) (x) = x2 + x

(gof) (x) = x2 – x + 1

Clearly, they are unequal.

x  x2  4
35. f 1 x  
2

2 
36. fog    0
3

2 
gof    1
3