DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Computer Science and Computer Applications Stream

Discrete Mathematics - University Questions
Unit-III: Relations
Section-A: Choose the best answer

1. A relation on the set A is said to be ...... if R = A × A (November 2023/ June 2022)

A. Identity relation B. Void relation C. Universal relation D. Reflexive relation
Ans: C. Universal relation

2. If A and B are two non-empty sets having n elements in common, then A × B and B × A
have ..... elements in common. (November 2023/ May 2023/ December 2020/April
2019)
A. n B. 2n C. n2 D. 2n
Ans: C. n2

3. If either A or B is infinite and other is not empty then A × B is (May 2023)

A. φ B. finite C. infinite D. A ∪ B
Ans:

4. If every pair of elements in a poset is comparable, then it is said to be (December 2022)

A. Complete set B. Linearly ordered set C. Lattice set D. Quotient set
Ans: A. Complete set

5. Let A and B two nonempty sets. A relation from A to B is a subset of (December 2022)
A. A × B B. A ∩ B C. A ∪ B D. A − B
Ans: A. A × B

6. A finite set A with n ekements. How many relations are on A are reflexive relations on A
(June 2022)
 A. n2 B. 2n C. 2n(n+1) D. 2n(n−1)
Ans: C. 2n(n+1)

7. If the set A has m elements and the set B has n elements, then the total number of relations
from A to B are (July 2021)
A. m + n B. mn C. 2m+n D. 2mn
Ans: B. mn

8. A relation in a set A is said to be a void relation if ..... (July 2021)

A. R = A × A B. R = φ C. R ⊆ A × A D. R = R−1
Ans: B. R = φ

9. If |A| = m and |B| = n then the power set of (A × B) contains ...... number of elements.
(December 2020)
A. mn B. 2mn C. 2m 2n D. (mn)2
Ans: A. mn

10. If the set A has m elements and the set B has n elements, then the power set of the product
set A × B has ..... elements. (April 2019)
n
A. mn B. 2m 2n C. 2m D. 2mn
Ans: D. 2mn

11. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3} then n(A × B)= ............ (April 2018)
A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
Ans: D. 6

12. If (x + 1, y + 5) = (0, 5) then the value of x and y is (April 2018)

A. 1, 0 B. -1, 0 C. 0, 1 D. 0, -1
Ans: B. -1, 0

13. If set A has m elements and the set B has n elements then the product A × B has ......
(November 2018)
A. mn B. nm C. mn D. m + n
Ans: C. mn

14. If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {4, 5}. Then how many relations from the set A to the set B.
(November 2018)

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 A. 5 B. 6 C. 25 D. 26
Ans: B. 6

15. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {a, b, c} and R = {(2, a), {4, a), (4, c)}. The domain of R is
(November 2017)
A. {1, 2, 3, 4} B. {a, b, c) C. {a, c} D. {2, 4}
Ans: D. {2, 4}

16. The total number of relations from the set A = {a, b, c} to the set B = {1, 3} is (November
2017)
A. 64 B. 32 C. 16 D. 6
Ans: D. 6

17. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, R be a relation on A. The asymmetric relation is (April 2017)
A. R = {(1, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4), (3, 1), (2, 2)} B. R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)}
C. R = φ D. R = A × A
Ans: B. R = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)}

18. If f : A → B such that f (x) = x−1 and g : B → C such that g(y) = y 2 then (g ◦f )(x) = ......
(April 2017)
A. (x − 1)2 B. x2 − 1 C. (x − 1)2 − 1 D. x − x2
Ans: A. (x − 1)2

19. Let f : A → B. Determine which of the following is not one-one (April 2017)
A. A = {1, 2, 3, 4} = B and f = {(1, 1), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2)}
B. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c, d} and f = {(1, a), (2, a), (3, c)}
C. A = { 21 , 13 , 14 }, B = {x, y, z, w} and f = {( 21 , x), ( 41 , y), ( 13 , w)}
D. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4} and f = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
Ans: B. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c, d} and f = {(1, a), (2, a), (3, c)}

20. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, R be a relation on A the reflexive relation is (November 2016)
A. R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (4, 4)} B. R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}
C. R = φ D. R = A × A
Ans: A. R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (4, 4)}

21. Let f : A → B such that f (x) = x−1 and g : B → C such that g(y) = y 2 then (g ◦f )(2)=.....
(November 2016)

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 A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Ans: B. 1

22. Determine which of the following relation not a partial-order relation (November 2016)
A. The relation ” ⊆ ” on the power set P (A) of the set A
B. The relation ” 6 ” on the set of positive integers
C. The relation ”/” divides on the set of positive integers
D. The relation ”mod 3” on the set of positive integers
Ans: D. The relation ”mod 3” on the set of positive integers

Section-B

1. Show that the relation ≤ defined on the set of positive integers I+ is a partial order relation.
(November 2023/ May 2023/ April 2019).

2. If R and S are equivalence relations on a set A, Prove that (R ∪S)−1 = R−1 ∪S −1 . (Novem-
ber 2023/ June 2022)

3. If R and S are relation from A to B prove that (R ∩ S)−1 = R−1 ∩ S −1 (May 2023/ July
2021/December 2020/ April 2018/November 2016)
 
0 1 0
4. If R and S be relations on a set A = {1, 2, 3} represented by the matrices MR = 1 1 1
 

1 0 0
 
0 1 0
and MS = 0 1 1. Find R ∩ S, R ∪ S and R ◦ S. (December 2022)
 

1 1 1

5. If R is an equivalence relation on a set A, Prove that R−1 is also an equivalence relation in

A. (December 2022)

6. Show that the relation 0 ⊆0 (subset) defined on the power set p(A) of the set A is a partial
order relation. (June 2022/ July 2021)

7. If A, B and C are three sets, show that A × (B ∩ C) = (A × B) ∩ (A × C) (April 2019)

8. Let A = {a, b, c} and P = P (A) be the power set of A. Draw the Hasse diagram for ⊆ on
poset A. (April 2018)

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 9. If A, B and C are three sets, show that A × (B ∪ C) = (A × B) ∪ (A × C) (November 2018)

10. If A and B are two non-empty sets having n elements in common, then prove that A × B
and B × A have n2 elements in common. (November 2018)

11. If A, B and C are three sets, show that A × (B − C) = (A × B) − (A × C) (December

2020/ November 2017)

12. If R and S are relation from A to B prove that (R ∪ S)−1 = R−1 ∪ S −1 (December
2020/November 2017)

13. Show that the relation ≤ (less than or equal to) defined on the set of positive integers is a
partial order relation. (April 2017)

14. If R and S are relation from A to B then prove that R−1 ⊆ S −1 when R ⊆ S. (April 2017)

15. If R and S are equivalence relations on a set A, prove that (R ∩ S) is an equivalence relations
in A. (November 2016)

Section-C

1. A relation R = {(x, y) : x − y is divisible by 3} and x = {1, 2, 3, . . . , 7}. Show that R is an

equivalence relation on x. (November 2023/ April 2017)

2. If f : A → B and g : B → C are invertible functions then prove that (g ◦ f )−1 = f −1 ◦ g −1 .

(November 2023/ November 2016)

3. If f : X → Y and g : Y → Z be any two one-one and onto invertible functions. Then show
that g ◦ f is also one-one and onto function. (May 2023)

4. Let N be the set of all natural numbers. The relation R on the set N × N of ordered pairs
of natural numbers is defined as (a, b)R(c, d) if and only if ad = bc. Prove that R is an
equivalence relation. (May 2023/ December 2022/December 2020/April 2019)

5. Show that the composition of functions obeys associative law. (December 2022)

6. If f : X → Y and g : Y → Z be any two invertible functions. Then show that (g ◦ f )−1 =

f −1 ◦ g −1 . (June 2022)

7. Show that the relation R ”congruent modulo m” is an equivalence relation on the set of
integers. Where m is a positive integer greater than 1. (June 2022)

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 8. If R and S are equivalence relation on a set A, prove that R ∩ S is an equivalence relations
in A. (December 2020/ April 2019)

9. A relation R on the set of integers is defined as aRb if and only if (a − b) is divisible by m.

Show that R is an equivalence relation. (July 2021/April 2018)

10. If f : A → B and g : B → C are invertible functions. Prove that g ◦ f is also invertible and
(g ◦ f )−1 = f −1 ◦ g −1 . (April 2018)
OR
If f : A → B and g : B → C are invertible functions. Prove that g ◦ f : A → C is also
invertible and (g ◦ f )−1 = f −1 ◦ g −1 . (July 2021/ November 2017)

11. If R and S are equivalent relations on a set A, prove that R ∩ S is an equivalent relations in
A. (November 2018)

12. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R = {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2)} be a relation defined on A.
Construct the matrix and digraph of R. Also find R2 . (November 2018)

13. Show that the relation R = {(a, b) : a − b = even integer and a, b ∈ I} is an equivalence
relation. (November 2017)

14. Show that an equivalence relation R in a non-empty set A determines a partition of A.

(April 2017)

15. Prove that the relation ”congruence modulo m” over the set of positive integers is an equiv-
alence relation? (November 2016)

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